138 research outputs found
MetaMix: Meta-state Precision Searcher for Mixed-precision Activation Quantization
Mixed-precision quantization of efficient networks often suffer from
activation instability encountered in the exploration of bit selections. To
address this problem, we propose a novel method called MetaMix which consists
of bit selection and weight training phases. The bit selection phase iterates
two steps, (1) the mixed-precision-aware weight update, and (2) the bit-search
training with the fixed mixed-precision-aware weights, both of which combined
reduce activation instability in mixed-precision quantization and contribute to
fast and high-quality bit selection. The weight training phase exploits the
weights and step sizes trained in the bit selection phase and fine-tunes them
thereby offering fast training. Our experiments with efficient and
hard-to-quantize networks, i.e., MobileNet v2 and v3, and ResNet-18 on ImageNet
show that our proposed method pushes the boundary of mixed-precision
quantization, in terms of accuracy vs. operations, by outperforming both mixed-
and single-precision SOTA methods
Channel Adaptation for Time-varying Powerline Channel and Noise Synchronized with AC Cycle
Broadband Power Line Communications (PLC)
technology allows the usage of electrical power supply networks
for communications purposes, such as audio/video streaming and
broadband internet access. The powerline has an inherent
characteristic that is the cyclic variation of channel and noise with
the phase of the AC line cycle. To achieve either high throughput
or high robustness, we apply dynamic channel adaptation scheme
that exploits the cyclic variation of powerline characteristics. In
this paper, we introduce an expedient, dynamic channel
adaptation which is robust against the short-time variation of the
AC synchronized powerline channel and noise. We analyze the
performance enhancement for the measured powerline channel
and noise when the proposed adaptation scheme is applied to the
Korean standard on high speed powerline communications.This work is supported by Brain Korea 21 project
JaxPruner: A concise library for sparsity research
This paper introduces JaxPruner, an open-source JAX-based pruning and sparse
training library for machine learning research. JaxPruner aims to accelerate
research on sparse neural networks by providing concise implementations of
popular pruning and sparse training algorithms with minimal memory and latency
overhead. Algorithms implemented in JaxPruner use a common API and work
seamlessly with the popular optimization library Optax, which, in turn, enables
easy integration with existing JAX based libraries. We demonstrate this ease of
integration by providing examples in four different codebases: Scenic, t5x,
Dopamine and FedJAX and provide baseline experiments on popular benchmarks.Comment: Jaxpruner is hosted at http://github.com/google-research/jaxprune
Preoperative serum HER2 extracellular domain levels in primary invasive breast cancer
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.Abstract
Background
Despite the preclinical outcomes and biologic significance of the presence of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) extracellular domain (ECD), there is little evidence supporting the measurement of ECD levels in any clinical setting. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of elevated serum HER2 ECD levels, the association between these levels and tissue HER2 overexpression, and the potential clinical prognostic value of HER2 ECD in primary invasive breast cancer.
Methods
Serum HER2 ECD levels were examined preoperatively in 2,862 consecutive stage IâIII primary breast cancer patients between 2007 and 2009. Serum HER2 ECD levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (ADVIA Centaur), and the tissue HER2 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The cutoff value for the serum level of HER2 ECD was set at 15.2Â ng/ml.
Results
Among the 2,862 patients, 126 (4.4%) had elevated serum HER2 ECD levels, and HER2 was overexpressed in the tumor tissue of 692 patients (24.2%), with a concordance of 78.7%. Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated serum HER2 ECD was a significant independent prognostic factor for worse distant-metastasis-free survival [DMFS; hazard ratio (HR)â=â2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI)â=â1.5â4.3, Pâ=â0.001] and breast-cancer-specific survival (BCSS; HRâ=â2.0, 95% CIâ=â1.1â3.8, Pâ=â0.036), which were much stronger in patients with tissue HER2-positive tumors (DMFS: HRâ=â3.8, 95% CIâ=â2.0â7.0, Pâ<â0.001; BCSS: HRâ=â2.6, 95% CIâ=â1.2-5.3, Pâ=â0.012).
Conclusions
Given the prevalence of HER2 expression, its measurement as an independent prognostic factor can be clinically useful, particularly in patients with tissue HER2-positive tumors
Jejunocolic Fistula Associated with an Intestinal T Cell Lymphoma
Malignant fistula of the small bowel to the colon is rare and is most often due to adenocarcinoma. Small bowel lymphoma is unusual, representing less than 1 percent of all gastrointestinal malignancies. We report a case of intestinal lymphoma presenting with diarrhea and abdominal pain. A jejunocolic fistula was discovered during colonoscopy. Celiotomy revealed a large, ulcerated fistula tract between the jejunum and distal transverse colon, and pathology was consistent with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. This is a rare entity in a nonimmunocompromised individual and has not been previously described in Korea
Enhanced Crystallinity of Epitaxial Graphene Grown on Hexagonal SiC Surface with Molybdenum Plate Capping
The crystallinity of epitaxial graphene (EG) grown on a Hexagonal-SiC substrate is found to be enhanced greatly by capping the substrate with a molybdenum plate (Mo-plate) during vacuum annealing. The crystallinity enhancement of EG layer grown with Mo-plate capping is confirmed by the significant change of measured Raman spectra, compared to the spectra for no capping. Mo-plate capping is considered to induce heat accumulation on SiC surface by thermal radiation mirroring and raise Si partial pressure near surface by confining the sublimated Si atoms between SiC substrate and Mo-plate, which would be the essential contributors of crystallinity enhancementclose0
Metformin increases survival in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer patients with diabetes
Effects of maternal education on diet, anemia, and iron deficiency in Korean school-aged children
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We investigated the relationship among socioeconomic status factors, the risk of anemia, and iron deficiency among school-aged children in Korea.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The sample consisted of fourth-grade students aged 10 y recruited from nine elementary schools in Korean urban areas in 2008 (<it>n </it>= 717). Anthropometric and blood biochemistry data were obtained for this cross-sectional observational study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels lower than 11.5 g/dl. Iron deficiency was defined as serum iron levels lower than 40 ug/dl. We also obtained data on parental education from questionnaires and on children's diets from 3-day food diaries. Parental education was categorized as low or high, with the latter representing an educational level beyond high school.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Children with more educated mothers were less likely to develop anemia (<it>P </it>= 0.0324) and iron deficiency (<it>P </it>= 0.0577) than were those with less educated mothers. This group consumed more protein (<it>P </it>= 0.0004) and iron (<it>P </it>= 0.0012) from animal sources than did the children of less educated mothers, as reflected by their greater consumption of meat, poultry, and derivatives (<it>P </it>< 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between maternal education and the prevalence of anemia (odds ratio: 0.52; 95% confidence interval: 0.32, 0.85).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>As a contributor to socioeconomic status, maternal education is important in reducing the risk of anemia and iron deficiency and in increasing children's consumption of animal food sources.</p
25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016
The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong
Characterization of the Novel Polyglutamine Protein FAM171B
FAM171B is a completely uncharacterized protein (identified via the human genome sequencing project) that contains a polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch within its primary amino acid sequence. PolyQ tract proteins are particularly interesting, as expansion mutations within them have been shown to underlie a growing number of severe neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntingtons Disease and Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Using a bioinformatics approach, we find that FAM171B not only contains a polyQ region near its amino-terminus, but also is likely expressed in the nervous system and contains both a putative signal sequence and a single transmembrane domain. These data suggest that FAM171B normally functions within the endomembrane system of neurons- and mutations within the polyQ tract may underlie an as yet molecularly uncharacterized neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we set out to not only shed light on the normal cellular function of FAM171B (by identifying its intracellular localization), but also to assay the degree of polymorphism within its polyQ tract (an indication of expansion mutation propensity). Using immunofluorescence assays, we find that FAM171B displays a punctate vesicular-like staining pattern within the cytoplasm of HELA and HEK cells- consistent with bioinformatics predictions. In addition, using DNA genotyping assays, we find that the polyQ tract within FAM171B is quite stable within the human population (96.5% homogeneity)- suggesting FAM171B should not be considered a strong candidate gene for neurodegenerative disease. The preliminary outcomes, from the combined studies of localization and polymorphism, characterize FAM171B as a stable cytoplasmic protein localizing to vesicular organelles- such as, mitochondria or endosomes
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