A study of cases known to the Quincy Child Guidance CLinic from February, 1950 to February, 1951, in which both parents and the child were or were to be included in intensive treatment.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Chemical and physical influences on aerosol activation in liquid clouds: a study based on observations from the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland

A simple statistical model to predict the number of aerosols which activate to form cloud droplets in warm clouds has been established, based on regression analysis of data from four summertime Cloud and Aerosol Characterisation Experiments (CLACE) at the high-altitude site Jungfraujoch (JFJ). It is shown that 79 % of the observed variance in droplet numbers can be represented by a model accounting only for the number of potential cloud condensation nuclei (defined as number of particles larger than 80 nm in diameter), while the mean errors in the model representation may be reduced by the addition of further explanatory variables, such as the mixing ratios of O3, CO, and the height of the measurements above cloud base. The statistical model has a similar ability to represent the observed droplet numbers in each of the individual years, as well as for the two predominant local wind directions at the JFJ (northwest and southeast). Given the central European location of the JFJ, with air masses in summer being representative of the free troposphere with regular boundary layer in-mixing via convection, we expect that this statistical model is generally applicable to warm clouds under conditions where droplet formation is aerosol limited (i.e. at relatively high updraught velocities and/or relatively low aerosol number concentrations). A comparison between the statistical model and an established microphysical parametrization shows good agreement between the two and supports the conclusion that cloud droplet formation at the JFJ is predominantly controlled by the number concentration of aerosol particles

Chemical and physical influences on aerosol activation in liquid clouds: a study based on observations from the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland

A simple statistical model to predict the number of aerosols which activate to form cloud droplets in warm clouds has been established, based on regression analysis of data from four summertime Cloud and Aerosol Characterisation Experiments (CLACE) at the high-altitude site Jungfraujoch (JFJ). It is shown that 79 % of the observed variance in droplet numbers can be represented by a model accounting only for the number of potential cloud condensation nuclei (defined as number of particles larger than 80 nm in diameter), while the mean errors in the model representation may be reduced by the addition of further explanatory variables, such as the mixing ratios of O3, CO, and the height of the measurements above cloud base. The statistical model has a similar ability to represent the observed droplet numbers in each of the individual years, as well as for the two predominant local wind directions at the JFJ (northwest and southeast). Given the central European location of the JFJ, with air masses in summer being representative of the free troposphere with regular boundary layer in-mixing via convection, we expect that this statistical model is generally applicable to warm clouds under conditions where droplet formation is aerosol limited (i.e. at relatively high updraught velocities and/or relatively low aerosol number concentrations). A comparison between the statistical model and an established microphysical parametrization shows good agreement between the two and supports the conclusion that cloud droplet formation at the JFJ is predominantly controlled by the number concentration of aerosol particles

Data Descriptor : Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations alongside with submicrometer particle number size distributions and particle chemical composition have been measured at atmospheric observatories of the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS) as well as other international sites over multiple years. Here, harmonized data records from 11 observatories are summarized, spanning 98,677 instrument hours for CCN data, 157,880 for particle number size distributions, and 70,817 for chemical composition data. The observatories represent nine different environments, e.g., Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Mediterranean maritime, boreal forest, or high alpine atmospheric conditions. This is a unique collection of aerosol particle properties most relevant for studying aerosol-cloud interactions which constitute the largest uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate. The dataset is appropriate for comprehensive aerosol characterization (e.g., closure studies of CCN), model-measurement intercomparison and satellite retrieval method evaluation, among others. Data have been acquired and processed following international recommendations for quality assurance and have undergone multiple stages of quality assessment.Peer reviewe

Parkraummanagement im Agglomerationsverkehr: Wie können Agglomerationen das Parkraummanagement effizient und bedürfnisorientiert umsetzen?

Agglomerationsprogramme (AP) haben zum Ziel die nachhaltige Entwicklung von Siedlung, Landschaft und Verkehr in der Schweiz zu fördern. Beim Thema Verkehr ist das wichtige Programm Agglomerationsverkehr (PAV) angesiedelt, mit welchem sich der Bund finanziell an Verkehrsprojekten von Städten und Agglomerationen beteiligt. Innerhalb des PAV hat das Thema «Parkraummanagement» (PRM) aus Sicht des Bundes eine wichtige Funktion. Das Ziel dieser CAS Arbeit war es Lösungsansätze hinsichtlich der Thematik PRM zu erarbeiten, welche die APs für die Erarbeitung der 5. Generation unterstützen. Mit der Durchführung von vier Expert*inneninterviews mit vier Vertreter*innen von APs wurde aufgezeigt, was in der Schweiz bereits gut läuft und was verbessert werden soll. Die Aussagen wurden mittels nationaler und internationaler Fallbeispiele in Vergleich gesetzt. Zudem sind drei Handlungsempfehlungen beschrieben: 1) Tarifsystem pro Agglomerationstyp, 2) Aufbau einer schweizweiten Datenbank mit Parkgebühren und 3) Optimierung der bereits jährlich durchgeführten ER-FA-Tagung