Effect of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) on properties of road aggregate

Rapid growth of plastics industries in Asia's emerging markets particularly in Malaysia, in one way, it raised expectations for everyday comforts, in the other way it also causes environmental issues. Plastic bottle for recycling can be found from the household waste stream, and most of them are made from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET).Recycling this plastic into another form might be one of the cheapest and rapid solutions. However, turning this plastic into some other usable form uses energy and this may not become a green waste management solution. In this research, PET is utilized to explore its potential prospects to upgrade asphalt mixture properties. This study investigates the use of waste plastic as modifier for aggregates (plastic coating aggregate). The type of plastic used in this study was waste PET plastic bottle. The shredded waste PET plastic (size 0.075mm to 1.18mm) was mixed with hot aggregate to form a thin layer on the surface of the aggregates. The properties of modified aggregate and unmodified aggregate was tested and compared. 1% and 2% of plastic by weight of aggregate were used to coat the aggregate. The plastic-coated aggregates are tested for impact value and crushing value. The test results had demonstrated that there was an improvement in the properties of plastic coated aggregates

Co-planar waveguide (CPW) patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring for WiMAX application

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a part of wireless communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards. In this work, a co-planar waveguide (CPW) patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring had been design for WiMAX application of 3.5 GHz. This proposed CPW antenna is using FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant, ε r = 4.4 and the electrical conductivity tangent loss, tan Δ = 0.019. There are three stages of the antenna design that consist the Design A - basic rectangular patch antenna, the Design B - rectangular patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring while the last stage is Design C -rectangular patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring with CPW effect. A parametric study of CPW length, LCPW had been done to make sure the best return loss performance and the location of the resonant frequency near to WiMAX frequency range. In this case, nine different dimensions of LCPW that considers is from 11 mm to 19 mm. It shows that the LCPW = 18 mm shows the resonant frequency of T 3.528 dB. The CPW patch antenna with octagonal-shaped ring effect a wider bandwidth and create two resonant frequencies. It shows that the proposed antenna covers from the 2.282 GHz to 4.216 GHz, with bandwidth of 1.978 GHz, improve from Design A and Design B of 0.11 GHz and 0.73 GHz, respectively. Two resonant frequencies are located at 2.59 GHz and 3.528 GHz with return loss of −23.89 dB and −34.78 dB, respectively. The antenna gain of Design C is improve to 2.92 dB, after the addition of the CPW technique

European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise . The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included. The full document can be downloaded for free on the website of this journal: http://www.rhinologyjournal.com

European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise . The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included. The full document can be downloaded for free on the website of this journal: http://www.rhinologyjournal.com