Variasi Suara Panggilan Kodok Hylarana Nicobariensis (Stoliczka, 1870) Dari Lima Populasi Berbeda Di Indonesia (Anura: Ranidae)

Hylarana nicobariensis (Stoliczka, 1870) is a very common frog, which has a wide distribution, covering the southern part of Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali and Palawan in the Philippines. The presence of this frog is very easy to be recognized by listening its shrill call that is sounded loudly all day. Detailed descriptions of H. nicobariensis's calls from Ulu Gombak in Peninsular Malaysia and Danum Valley in Sarawak have been published by Jehle and Arak (1998), which are some call characters of the frog from the two locations are significantly different. To determine the call characters that can distinguish among populations of this frog, advertisement calls of five different populations (Batukaru, Curup, Limau Manis, Curug Nangka and Lake Ecology Park) were analyzed. The characters of the call waves on the five populations are different in the structure of sub-pulses, dominant frequency and lower frequency. Among the five populations, the population from Lake Ecology Park is the most different in the terms of the dominant frequency (3996.95 ± 124.74 Hz) and lower frequency (1692.51 ± 80.77 Hz), of this population both these characters occupy the highest level compared to four other populations; however individuals from Curup occupy the lowest level on dominant frequency (2919.67 ± 67.76 Hz) and lower frequency (832.96 ± 32.42 Hz)

Ongoing declines for the world’s amphibians in the face of emerging threats

Systematic assessments of species extinction risk at regular intervals are necessary for informing conservation action1,2. Ongoing developments in taxonomy, threatening processes and research further underscore the need for reassessment3,4. Here we report the findings of the second Global Amphibian Assessment, evaluating 8,011 species for the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. We find that amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate class (40.7% of species are globally threatened). The updated Red List Index shows that the status of amphibians is deteriorating globally, particularly for salamanders and in the Neotropics. Disease and habitat loss drove 91% of status deteriorations between 1980 and 2004. Ongoing and projected climate change effects are now of increasing concern, driving 39% of status deteriorations since 2004, followed by habitat loss (37%). Although signs of species recoveries incentivize immediate conservation action, scaled-up investment is urgently needed to reverse the current trends

A New Bent-toed Gecko (Cyrtodactylus: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Island of Tanahjampea, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

The recent description of Cyrtodactylus tahuna from Sangihe Island and descriptions of other new species from remote islands in the Indo-Australian Archipelago indicate the important role of oceanic dispersal and isolation in the evolution and diversification of the genus Cyrtodactylus. We provide another example involving Tanahjampea Island, a remote island 155 km south of the Southwestern Peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Here, we describe a new species on the basis of 11 specimens collected from that island. This new species is an intermediate sized Cyrtodactylus with a snout-vent length of up to 76.1 mm in adult males and 72.8 mm in females. It is easily distinguished from all recognized species occurring on Sulawesi as well as in the Moluccas and Lesser Sunda Islands by the following unique combination of characters: (1) brachium and antebrachium tuberculated, (2) ventrolateral folds with tubercles, (3) 20-23 irregularly aligned rows of keeled tubercles, (4) 31-34 paravertebral tubercles, (5) 29-34 ventral scales between ventrolateral folds, (6) no precloacal depression, (7) enlarged precloacofemoral scales in continuous series, (8) males with 20-24 precloacofemoral pores in wide Ʌ-shape, (9) enlarged post precloacal scales present, (10) 19-21 fourth toe subdigital lamellae, (11) enlarged transversely median subcaudals absent, (12) tail not prehensile, (13) tubercles extend along 71% of original tail length, and (14) the original tails reaching 147% of snout-vent length. We also provide an identification key to the bent toed gecko species that occur in the Wallacea region

A New Species of Leptobrachium from the Kelabit Highland, Northwestern Borneo (Anura, Megophryidae)

Four species of endemic Leptobrachium are known from Borneo, two lowland species L. kanowitense and L. abbotti, a montane species L. montanum, and a highland species L. gunungense. Of these, both L. montanum and L. abotti were found to contain several cryptic species by recent molecular studies. The population from Bario, Kelabit Highland of Sarawak, is one such cryptic species and was once called Lineage 2 of L. abbotti. Our morphological survey on this population proved that it has characteristics distinct from all other congeners, and therefore, we describe the Bario population as a new species, Leptobrachium kantonishikawai sp. nov. The new species is distinguished from putative topotypes of L. montanum and L. abbotti, as well as from L. gunungense by having a grayish brown abdomen, usually vermiculated, although sometimes spotted or blotched with white, and some unique morphometric characteristics

Data from: A suite of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci for ten reptiles of conservation concern from Africa and Asia

Here we document the addition of thousands of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci (PALs) and associated primer sequences for public use. We conducted whole-genome shotgun sequencing to obtain ultra-low coverage, random genomic sampling from ten African and Asian squamate reptile species (representing ten genera). We used unique genomic processing methods and generated PALs for the following species: Acrochordus granulatus, Ahaetulla prasina, Cerberus rhynchops, Gonocephalus kuhlii, Ophiophagus hannah, Python bivittatus, Tribolonotus gracilis, Trimeresurus sabahi (Popeia sabahi), Uromastyx geryi and Varanus exanthematicus. All taxa included, as well as other related taxa not included in our study, are exploited heavily by the international skin and pet trades, yet researchers and conservation agencies currently lack substantial genetic resources for guiding conservation and management. Using stringent filtering methods, we generated between 467 and 8641 PALs for each of the ten species (52,164 PALs total), yielding a rich database of microsatellite loci and amplification primers for these taxa. In addition to the ten species targeted in our study, microsatellite markers provided in this database can likely be applied to a variety of closely related taxa that are also of conservation and commercial interest

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