63 research outputs found
Copans, Jean. â Un demi-siĂšcle dâafricanisme africain
De nombreux pays africains viennent de cĂ©lĂ©brer le cinquantenaire de leur indĂ©pendance. Lâheure est par consĂ©quent au bilan de cette grande sĂ©quence du grand livre de la vie du continent. Lâhistoire des sciences sociales en fait partie. En France, Jean Copans vient de publier un ouvrage court mais dense, qui propose de mettre en perspective lâactualitĂ© des Ă©tudes africaines. Lâauteur offre un bilan de quarante ans de rĂ©flexion personnelle sur la question. LâintĂ©rĂȘt du livre vient du fait quâi..
Figures Ă©tudiantes sĂ©nĂ©galaises Ă lâĂ©tranger
Si la migration pour Ă©tudes est une constante de lâhistoire sĂ©nĂ©galaise, elle est surtout aujourdâhui le fait dâĂ©tudiants issus de familles urbanisĂ©es qui ont eu les moyens de financer leur voyage. Mais, Ă lâissue dâĂ©tudes en France, leur emploi est souvent en dĂ©calage avec leurs titres universitaires. Certains renoncent mĂȘme Ă leur projet dâappartenir, comme leurs parents, Ă la classe sociale dominante. Dans lâanonymat de la sociĂ©tĂ© dâaccueil, ils subissent des dĂ©classements en cascade face auxquels les solidaritĂ©s coutumiĂšres et lâengagement associatif offrent un recours inattendu
Pratiques de scolarisation de jeunes Français au Sénégal
Ce texte traite des pratiques transnationales de scolarisation dans leur pays dâorigine dâenfants dâimmigrants sĂ©nĂ©galais en France. Ouvriers et employĂ©s pour la plupart, Ă©tablis dans les quartiers populaires confrontĂ©s Ă des difficultĂ©s multiformes, ils voient leurs enfants inscrits dans les Ă©coles françaises sâengager dans des processus dâĂ©chec. Certains parents envoient alors leurs enfants dans des Ă©tablissements dâenseignement secondaire au SĂ©nĂ©gal, Ă la fois pour les prĂ©server dâun environnement peu favorable aux Ă©tudes, ensuite pour crĂ©er en leur faveur les conditions dâun engagement dans des dynamiques de rĂ©ussite scolaire et sociale. Le dĂ©tour par le pays dâorigine fonctionne alors comme la recherche dâune excellence.This paper focuses on peculiar schooling practices of Senegalese immigrants living in France and choosing to send their children back to the homeland. Belonging most of the time to the working classes, they are established in poor districts where they experience failure at school and at last social marginalization. To avoid such trajectories, some of these parents attempt to set up projects of mobility for studies for their children during the early phase of the secondary education. These parents settle on the most excellent public and private schools in Dakar thanks mainly to their relationship networks. Therefore this transnational detour functions as a mean to achieve a certain excellency
Globalisation et mobilité pour études
Les mobilitĂ©s pour Ă©tudes constituent une des modalitĂ©s les moins Ă©tudiĂ©es des migrations internationales, en dĂ©pit de lâanciennetĂ© du phĂ©nomĂšne et de lâintĂ©rĂȘt quâil suscite de plus en plus auprĂšs des spĂ©cialistes, des Ătats et de certains organismes internationaux. Les statistiques disponibles pointent pourtant la significativitĂ© du fait : en 2009, selon lâUnesco, prĂšs de 3 millions dâĂ©tudiants sont inscrits dans des Ă©tablissements dâenseignement supĂ©rieur en dehors de leur pays dâorigine, ..
Les villages âmulti-situĂ©sâ sĂ©nĂ©galais face Ă la nouvelle configuration migratoire mondiale
Les migrants originaires de la vallĂ©e du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal dĂ©veloppent des structures dâorganisation en rĂ©seau dont le cĆur est constituĂ© par leur village de dĂ©part. Des associations sont crĂ©Ă©es en fonction des liens de parentĂ© et de leur situation gĂ©ographique. Dâun point de vue social et Ă©conomique, le partage dâune communautĂ© dâorigine sâavĂšre dĂ©cisif Ă la fois dans la vie en migration et dans les sites de dĂ©part. Mais, confrontĂ©s Ă lâindividualisation des parcours et Ă leur perte dâinfluence face Ă dâautres pouvoirs, ces espaces de solidaritĂ© sans frontiĂšre sont aujourdâhui menacĂ©s
Mean-Field Games for Marriage
This article examines mean-field games for marriage. The results support the
argument that optimizing the long-term well-being through effort and social
feeling state distribution (mean-field) will help to stabilize marriage.
However, if the cost of effort is very high, the couple fluctuates in a bad
feeling state or the marriage breaks down. We then examine the influence of
society on a couple using mean field sentimental games. We show that, in
mean-field equilibrium, the optimal effort is always higher than the one-shot
optimal effort. We illustrate numerically the influence of the couple's network
on their feeling states and their well-being.Comment: 22 figures. Accepted and to appear in PLoS On
Caractérisation de la déformation des dépÎts oligocÚnes du Continental terminal 3 (Ct3) dans la région de Niamey (Bordure Orientale du Craton Ouest Africain, Bassin des Iullemmeden)
Cette Ă©tude porte sur la dĂ©termination des phases de dĂ©formations affectant les dĂ©pĂŽts oligocĂšnes du Ct3, correspondant aux derniers dĂ©pĂŽts de comblement du bassin des Iullemmeden dans la rĂ©gion de Niamey (Ouest, Niger). La mĂ©thodologie mise en Ćuvre est basĂ©e sur lâanalyse microtectonique de terrain soutenue par des donnĂ©es cartographiques et de lâimagerie satellitaire. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude montrent que les dĂ©pĂŽts oligocĂšnes du Ct3 ont enregistrĂ© deux Ă©vĂšnements majeurs de lâhistoire tectonique de lâAfrique de lâOuest au CĂ©nozoiÌque : la distension oligocĂšne et la phase compressive post-oligocĂšne, dâĂąge prĂ©sumĂ©e miocĂšne. La phase distensive oligocĂšne orientĂ©e ~N50° Ă ~N80° serait Ă©troitement contrĂŽlĂ©e par la dynamique mantellique prĂ©valant Ă cette Ă©poque, qui confĂšre une structuration en dĂŽmes et bassins Ă lâAfrique de lâOuest. Ces mouvements mantelliques descendants, concomitant au dernier Ă©pisode de comblement du bassin des Iullemmeden, favoriseraient le rejeu en normal de la plupart des failles dâorientation NW-SE. La phase compressive ~N140°, prĂ©sumĂ©e dâĂąge miocĂšne, se serait produite dans un contexte rĂ©gional marquĂ© par la poursuitende la convergence Afrique-Europe. Au cours de cette phase compressive, les failles hĂ©ritĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©activĂ©es en dĂ©crochements soit senestres soit dextres en fonction de leur orientation par rapport Ă la direction de raccourcissement.
The aim of this study is about the determination deformations phases that affect the Ct3 Oligocene deposits in the Niamey area (West, Niger), which correspond to the last deposits of the Iullemmeden basin. The methodology implemented is based on the microtectonic field investigation supported by cartographic data and satellite imagery analysis. The results of this study show that the Oligocene deposits of Ct3 recorded two major events of the West Africa tectonic history during Cenozoic period: the first one was Oligocene distension and the second was a post-Oligocene compressive phase, presumed to be Miocene in age. The Oligocene distensive phase oriented ~N50° to ~N80° would be closely controlled by the mantle dynamics prevailing at that time, which gave domes and basins structuring in West Africa. These downward mantle movements, concomitantly with the last episode of the Iullemmeden basin infilling, would favor the normal reactivation of the most NW-SE trending faults. The ~N140° compressive phase, presumed to be Miocene in age, would have occurred in a regional shortening context, which was marked by the continuation of the Africa-Europe convergence. During this compressive phase, the inherited structures such as faults were reactivated in either senestral or dextral strike-slip faults according to their orientation with the shortening direction
Health care for irregular migrants: pragmatism across Europe. A qualitative study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Health services in Europe face the challenge of delivering care to a heterogeneous group of irregular migrants (IM). There is little empirical evidence on how health professionals cope with this challenge. This study explores the experiences of health professionals providing care to IM in three types of health care service across 16 European countries.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with health professionals in 144 primary care services, 48 mental health services, and 48 Accident & Emergency departments (total n = 240). Although legal health care entitlement for IM varies across countries, health professionals reported facing similar issues when caring for IM. These issues include access problems, limited communication, and associated legal complications. Differences in the experiences with IM across the three types of services were also explored. Respondents from Accident & Emergency departments reported less of a difference between the care for IM patients and patients in a regular situation than did respondents from primary care and mental health services. Primary care services and mental health services were more concerned with language barriers than Accident & Emergency departments. Notifying the authorities was an uncommon practice, even in countries where health professionals are required to do this.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The needs of IM patients and the values of the staff appear to be as important as the national legal framework, with staff in different European countries adopting a similar pragmatic approach to delivering health care to IM. While legislation might help to improve health care for IM, more appropriate organisation and local flexibility are equally important, especially for improving access and care pathways.</p
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