Comercialidad y profesionalismo en los medios periodísticos estadounidenses.

Sin resume

Assembly of root-associated N₂O-reducing communities of annual crops is governed by selection for nosZ Glade I over Glade II

The rhizosphere is a hotspot for denitrification. The nitrous oxide (N₂O) reductase among denitrifiers and nondenitrifying N₂O reducers is the only known N₂O sink in the biosphere. We hypothesized that the composition of root-associated N₂O-reducing communities when establishing on annual crops depend on soil type and plant species, but that assembly processes are independent of these factors and differ between nosZ clades I and II. Using a pot experiment with barley and sunflower and two soils, we analyzed the abundance, composition, and diversity of soil and root-associated N₂O reducing communities by qPCR and amplicon sequencing of nosZ. Clade I was more abundant on roots compared to soil, while clade II showed the opposite. In barley, this pattern coincided with N₂O availability, determined as potential N₂O production rates, but for sunflower no N₂O production was detected in the root compartment. Root and soil nosZ communities differed in composition and phylogeny-based community analyses indicated that assembly of root-associated N₂O reducers was driven by the interaction between plant and soil type, with inferred competition being more influential than habitat selection. Selection between clades I and II in the root/soil interface is suggested, which may have functional consequences since most clade I microorganisms can produce N₂O

The key components to start and run a business in garden design

Utbildningen Trädgårdsingenjör med designinriktning innefattar kurser som företagsekonomi och marknadsföring vilket kan uppmuntra studenter till att starta eget företag. Att bli egenföretagare kanske är rätt väg att gå men vi frågar oss om utbildningen ger tillräckligt med kompetens för att våga ta det steget. Följande kandidatuppsats ger en inblick i hur verkligheten ser ut för företagare inom trädgårdsdesign. Syftet är att undersöka om det finns några specifika komponenter som behövs för att starta och driva ett företag inom trädgårdsdesign. Uppsatsen ska vidare försöka konstatera vilka av dessa komponenter som är viktigast. Frågeställningen i denna uppsats lyder: Vilka är de viktigaste komponenterna för att starta och driva ett företag inom trädgårdsdesign? Kandidatuppsatsen innefattar en litteraturstudie där befintlig forskning presenteras. Här beskrivs delar som att välja företagsform och vad det innebär att driva ett tjänsteföretag. Därefter nämns viktiga delar i affärsplanen som bland annat berör marknadsföring, marknad, profilering och prissättning. Litteraturstudien avslutas med att förklara vad som gör ett företag inom trädgårdsdesign unikt men också vikten av personliga egenskaper. Denna del följs av kvalitativa intervjuer vars syfte är att bidra med en verklighetsuppfattning. Fyra stycken företag som är verksamma inom trädgårdsdesign har intervjuats för att sedan jämföras med litteraturen. Den avslutande diskussionen behandlar hur väl dessa överensstämmer. Det visar sig att de intervjuade företagen inte i samma utsträckning tillämpar de delar som litteraturen beskriver och föreslår. Endast i något fall har de intervjuade företagen skrivit ner dokument som kan liknas vid en affärsplan. De intervjuade företagen har dock på olika sätt berört delar ur en affärsplan utan att egentligen ha tänkt på det. Trots avsaknaden av en nerskriven affärsplan så har de intervjuade i detta arbete lyckats med sina företag vilket gör att vi kan ifrågasätta behovet av en sådan. Marknadsföring, profilering, marknadsundersökning och prissättning står sig ändå som viktiga komponenter för att lyckas som företagare inom branschen. Ännu en komponent är kunskapen om vad det innebär att sälja tjänster och då mer specifikt designtjänster. Slutligen belyses personliga kompetenser som minst lika viktiga komponenter.The swedish bachelor to become a garden designer includes courses such as business administration and marketing, which could encourage students to start their own business. Becoming self-employed might be the way to go but we ask ourselves if the training provides enough skills to dare to take that step. The bachelor thesis provides insight into the realities of entrepreneurs in garden design. The aim in this thesis is to investigate whether there are any specific components needed for starting and running a business in garden design. The essay should also try to establish which of these components are most important. The issue addressed in this paper is: Which are the key components to start and run a business in garden design? The thesis includes a literature review where existing research are presented. Here is described different ways to choose business organization and what it means to run a service business. Then there is mentioned key elements of the business plan, these concerns marketing, analysis of the market, branding and pricing. The literature review concludes by explaining what makes a company in garden design unique but also the importance of a variety of other skills. This part is followed by qualitative interviews whose aim is to contribute a reality. Four companies operating in garden design has been analyzed and then compared with the literature. The final discussion addresses how well they comply. It turns out that the interviewed companies do not equally apply those parts that literature describes and proposes. Only in some cases, the companies interviewed wrote some kind of document which can be likened to a business plan. The companies interviewed, however differently affected parts from a business plan without really thinking about it. Despite the lack of a business plan written down, the companies interviewed in this work succeeded in their business, which means we can question the need for such a thing. Marketing, branding, market research and pricing still stands up as important components for success as an entrepreneur in the industry. Another component is the knowledge of what it means to sell services and then more specifically design services. Finally there is a lot of personal competencies that are equally important

Analyzing the Effects of Neutron Polarizabilities in Elastic Compton Scattering off 3{}^3He

Motivated by the fact that a polarized ${}^3$He nucleus behaves as an `effective' neutron target, we examine manifestations of neutron electromagnetic polarizabilities in elastic Compton scattering from the Helium-3 nucleus. We calculate both unpolarized and double-polarization observables using chiral perturbation theory to next-to-leading order (${\mathcal O}(e^2 Q)$) at energies, $\omega \leq m_{\pi}$, where $m_{\pi}$ is the pion mass. Our results show that the unpolarized differential cross section can be used to measure neutron electric and magnetic polarizabilities, while two double-polarization observables are sensitive to different linear combinations of the four neutron spin polarizabilities. [Note added in 2018] The qualitative conclusions and analytic formulae presented in this paper are correct, but several of the numerical results are wrong: see the erratum posted as arXiv:1804.01206 for further details. A full suite of corrected numerical results for cross sections and asymmetries can be found in Margaryan et al., arXiv:1804.00956. They can also be obtained as an interactive Mathematica notebook by emailing [email protected]: 40 pages, 16 figure

When Reporters get Hands-on with Robo-writing: Professionals Consider Automated Journalism’s Capabilities and Consequences

The availability of data feeds, the demand for news on digital devices, and advances in algorithms are helping to make automated journalism more prevalent. This article extends the literature on the subject by analysing professional journalists’ experiences with, and opinions about, the technology. Uniquely, the participants were drawn from a range of news organizations—including the BBC, CNN, and Thomson Reuters—and had first-hand experience working with robo-writing software provided by one of the leading technology suppliers. The results reveal journalists’ judgements on the limitations of automation, including the nature of its sources and the sensitivity of its “nose for news”. Nonetheless, journalists believe that automated journalism will become more common, increasing the depth, breadth, specificity, and immediacy of information available. While some news organizations and consumers may benefit, such changes raise ethical and societal issues and, counter-intuitively perhaps, may increase the need for skills—news judgement, curiosity, and scepticism—that human journalists embody

Complimentary protein extraction methods increase the identification of the Park Grass Experiment metaproteome

Although the Park Grass Experiment is an important international reference soil for temperate grasslands, it still lacks the direct extraction of its metaproteome. The identification of these proteins can be crucial to our understanding of soil ecology and major biogeochemical processes. However, the extraction of protein from soil is a technically fraught process due to difficulties with co-extraction of humic material and lack of compatible databases to identify proteins. To address these issues, we combined two protein extraction techniques on Park Grass experiment soil, one based on humic acid removal, namely a modified freeze-dry, heat/thaw/phenol/chloroform (HTPC) method and another which co-extracts humic material, namely an established surfactant method. A broad range of proteins were identified by matching the mass spectra of extracted soil proteins against a tailored Park Grass proteome database. These were mainly in the categories of “protein metabolism”, “membrane transport”, “carbohydrate metabolism”, “respiration” “ribosomal and nitrogen cycle” proteins, enabling reconstitution of specific processes in grassland soil. Protein annotation using NCBI and EBI databases inferred that the Park Grass soil is dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum level and Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, Acidobacteria, Streptomyces and Pseudolabrys at genus level. Further functional enrichment analysis enabled us to connect protein identities to regulatory and signalling networks of key biogeochemical cycles, notably the nitrogen cycle. The newly identified Park Grass metaproteome thus provides a baseline on which future targeted studies of important soil processes and their control can be built

Effective theory of the Delta(1232) in Compton scattering off the nucleon

We formulate a new power-counting scheme for a chiral effective field theory of nucleons, pions, and Deltas. This extends chiral perturbation theory into the Delta-resonance region. We calculate nucleon Compton scattering up to next-to-leading order in this theory. The resultant description of existing $\gamma$p cross section data is very good for photon energies up to about 300 MeV. We also find reasonable numbers for the spin-independent polarizabilities $\alpha_p$ and $\beta_p$.Comment: 29 pp, 9 figs. Minor revisions. To be published in PR

Seven characteristics defining online news formats:Towards a typology of online news and live blogs

Whilst live blogs have become an established part of the news media ecology, corresponding research is still in its infancy, especially that which examines the crucial question of sourcing practices. In this article we address some of the gaps in previous research by conducting a large comparative sourcing analysis of three UK news organisations - BBC News, the Guardian, and the Telegraph - that all regularly publish live blogs. We analyse sourcing practices across three different genres of live blogging and corresponding online news articles, through a comparative analysis of events broadly categorised as crisis, politics, and sport. Our findings suggest that there are some aspects of sourcing practices that are distinct to live blogs, such as directly embedding social media. However, when it comes to polyvocality (the diversity of who gets to speak), genre-specific journalism norms seem to account for more than the affordances of the platform itself and only in sport live blogs are demotic voices habitually included. Based on these findings we develop a typology of live blogging and online news articles, that documents the nuances in sourcing patterns across different news formats and genres, and provide a theoretical basis for future research in this field