8 research outputs found

    De lokala matproducenterna och dagligvaruhandeln

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    Lokal och regional mat röner stort intresse hos konsumenterna och rymmer en potential för utveckling i hela livsmedelskedjan. Flera aktörer arbetar för att mat med tydlig identitet ska utvecklas sĂ„vĂ€l inom EU som i Sverige. Av central betydelse för att efterfrĂ„gan ska bli tillgodosedd Ă€r en effektivare logistik frĂ„n jord till bord. Logistik Ă€r lĂ€ran om att planera, organisera och styra material- och informationsflödet frĂ„n produktion till slutlig konsumtion och avveckling. Den lokala och regionala maten har ofta en krokig vĂ€g till konsumentens matbord. TvĂ„ projekt med stöd av Jordbruksverket och Vinnova samarbetar för att bidra till effektiva lösningar pĂ„ problemen och i föreliggande rapport ges en bakgrund till frĂ„gorna, en kartlĂ€ggning redovisas av lokala producenter och producentnĂ€tverk i hela landet och intervjuer med de stora handelskedjorna sammanfattas och analyseras. Rapporten utmynnar i ett antal förslag som kan bidra till att utveckla segmentet lokal och regional mat vidare. Projekten fortsĂ€tter sitt arbete under den nĂ€rmaste tiden med att hitta konkreta lösningar bĂ„de vad gĂ€ller material och informationsflödet. Lokal mat — SĂ„vĂ€l produktion som konsumtion sker inom ett begrĂ€nsat omrĂ„de och avsĂ€ndaren Ă€r tydlig. Synonymt med ”nĂ€rproducerat”. Regional mat — Mat med en tydlig avsĂ€ndare som har anknytning till det “regionala köket”, men kan konsumeras i eller utanför det definierade omrĂ„det. SmĂ„skalig livsmedelsförĂ€dling — Avser bĂ„de produktion och förĂ€dling av livsmedel i smĂ„ företag. Produkterna marknadsförs med en tydlig avsĂ€ndare, till exempel landskap eller producent. Rapporten gör avstamp i vad mĂ„nga aktörer i livsmedelskedjan brukar anses som vanliga förklaringarna till den smĂ„skaliga matens ”osynliga handelshinder”: 1. Myndigheternas ”regelkrĂ„ngel” hĂ€mmar producenternas expansionsplaner. 2. Transporterna Ă€r ett stort bekymmer för producenterna 3. För litet och ojĂ€mnt utbud frĂ„n producenterna ur handelns perspektiv 4. Höga intrĂ€deskostnader för producenter som vill bli en del av kedjornas ordinarie utbud 5. Lokalproducentens unikitet riskerar att gĂ„ förlorad vid expansion 6. LĂ„g unikitet och förĂ€dlingsgrad medför lĂ„g lönsamhet 7. Bristande marknadsföringskunskaper hos producenterna 8. Bristande intresse för smĂ„skaliga produkter hos handelskedjorna 9. Brist pĂ„ information om kundernas efterfrĂ„gan och producenternas utbud. I arbetet med rapporten analyseras dessa osynliga handelshinder och de diskuteras med olika aktörer, vilket leder fram till en lista över förslag till insatser för en positiv och rationell utveckling av den lokala och regionala maten: 1. Nationell samordning pĂ„ departements- och myndighetsnivĂ„ 2. BĂ€ttre information om utbud och efterfrĂ„gan hos bĂ„de producenter och handel 3. BĂ€ttre offentlig kontroll och speciell certifiering för smĂ„skaliga företag 4. Utbildning för bĂ„de producenter och handel om varandras villkor och arbetssĂ€tt 5. Effektiva lösningar pĂ„ logistikproblematiken UtifrĂ„n resultaten i rapporten stĂ„r det klart att intresset för smĂ„skaligt producerad mat Ă€r stort inom handeln. De olika handelskedjorna arbetar intensivt med att lansera nya lösningar i syfte att erbjuda kunderna mer mat frĂ„n det lokala och regionala skafferiet. Rapporten visar ocksĂ„ att det fortfarande Ă€r ett problem för sĂ„vĂ€l konsumenter som handelns aktörer att hitta de smĂ„skaliga producenterna och deras produkter. Det Ă€r vidare uppenbart att myndigheternas livsmedelskontroll mĂ„nga gĂ„nger inte genomförs pĂ„ det sĂ€tt som lagen föreskriver och att livsmedelsproducenterna hamnar i klĂ€m mellan myndigheter och de stora handelskedjorna. Slutligen kan vi konstatera att producenterna och handeln lever i tvĂ„ skilda vĂ€rldar och en del av problemen med logistiken kan elimineras genom ökade kunskaper om varandras förutsĂ€ttningar

    SlÄss som en tjej : Hur man kan visualisera icke könsnormativa karaktÀrer till fightingspel enligt principerna för god informationsdesign

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    Arbetet syftar till att försöka besvara hur en specifik karaktĂ€r till ett spel kan utformas pĂ„ ett sĂ€Ìˆtt som undviker könsstereotypa konventioner, utan i stĂ€Ìˆllet placera större vikt vid karaktĂ€rens kommunikativa aspekter sĂ„som dess fighting-egenskaper och funktionalitet i spelet. Detta för att bidra till att öka förstĂ„elsen för hur kvinnliga spelare upplever karaktĂ€rer inom fightingspel samt vad som påverkar deras val av karaktĂ€r i spelsammanhang. Arbetet belyser den kritik och teorier som Àr riktad mot hur kvinnliga karaktĂ€rer framstĂ€lls inom fightingspel idag och vilka konsekvenser detta fĂ„r hos mĂ„lgruppen och samhĂ€llet. Baserat pĂ„ dessa studier och vĂ€gledning av en expert inom branschen, har tvĂ„ skisser av kvinnliga karaktĂ€rer med olika manér tagits fram till Ultra Street Fighter IV. Dessa har sedan provats ut pĂ„ en mĂ„lgrupp inom det tilltĂ€nkta omrĂ„det med varierande förkunskaper i Ă€mnet. Resultatet visar att ett av manéren bidrar till att öka förstĂ„elsen för karaktĂ€rens fysiska egenskaper och funktion i spelet utan att följa de könsstereotypa attributen som den originella karaktĂ€ren besatt.This thesis describes a process for producing designs for specific female video-game characters in a manner that attempts to avoid female gender stereotypes typical of the genre, placing more emphasis instead on communicating aspects of the character’s specific fighting features and functionality in the game. This work considers theories that view gender as a concept established within a cultural context. The design of female video-game characters is both effected by, and contributes to, the representation of the female gender in the gaming world and even in society in general, possibly having a negative impact on participation and enjoyment for female gamers. Based on a study of these theories, and with guidance from an expert in the video- game industry, new design sketches were developed in differing visual styles for two female characters from the game Ultra Street Fighter IV. These design sketches were then appraised by a small group of players representative of the game’s target audience. The results suggest that one of the chosen visual styles appears to successfully enhance the understanding of the characters’ fighting features and functionality in the game while maintaining their visual appeal, without relying on the gender- stereotypical attributes visible in the character designs in the current version of the game

    SlÄss som en tjej : Hur man kan visualisera icke könsnormativa karaktÀrer till fightingspel enligt principerna för god informationsdesign

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    Arbetet syftar till att försöka besvara hur en specifik karaktĂ€r till ett spel kan utformas pĂ„ ett sĂ€Ìˆtt som undviker könsstereotypa konventioner, utan i stĂ€Ìˆllet placera större vikt vid karaktĂ€rens kommunikativa aspekter sĂ„som dess fighting-egenskaper och funktionalitet i spelet. Detta för att bidra till att öka förstĂ„elsen för hur kvinnliga spelare upplever karaktĂ€rer inom fightingspel samt vad som påverkar deras val av karaktĂ€r i spelsammanhang. Arbetet belyser den kritik och teorier som Àr riktad mot hur kvinnliga karaktĂ€rer framstĂ€lls inom fightingspel idag och vilka konsekvenser detta fĂ„r hos mĂ„lgruppen och samhĂ€llet. Baserat pĂ„ dessa studier och vĂ€gledning av en expert inom branschen, har tvĂ„ skisser av kvinnliga karaktĂ€rer med olika manér tagits fram till Ultra Street Fighter IV. Dessa har sedan provats ut pĂ„ en mĂ„lgrupp inom det tilltĂ€nkta omrĂ„det med varierande förkunskaper i Ă€mnet. Resultatet visar att ett av manéren bidrar till att öka förstĂ„elsen för karaktĂ€rens fysiska egenskaper och funktion i spelet utan att följa de könsstereotypa attributen som den originella karaktĂ€ren besatt.This thesis describes a process for producing designs for specific female video-game characters in a manner that attempts to avoid female gender stereotypes typical of the genre, placing more emphasis instead on communicating aspects of the character’s specific fighting features and functionality in the game. This work considers theories that view gender as a concept established within a cultural context. The design of female video-game characters is both effected by, and contributes to, the representation of the female gender in the gaming world and even in society in general, possibly having a negative impact on participation and enjoyment for female gamers. Based on a study of these theories, and with guidance from an expert in the video- game industry, new design sketches were developed in differing visual styles for two female characters from the game Ultra Street Fighter IV. These design sketches were then appraised by a small group of players representative of the game’s target audience. The results suggest that one of the chosen visual styles appears to successfully enhance the understanding of the characters’ fighting features and functionality in the game while maintaining their visual appeal, without relying on the gender- stereotypical attributes visible in the character designs in the current version of the game

    Lokal mat - vad Àr det?

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    Confusion and Misunderstanding—Interpretations and Definitions of Local Food

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    Developing a more resilient food system based on sustainable food production and consumption is of major concern in creating food security. One issue in this complex field concerns the scale of the food system. Trends and tendencies show that the interest for local food has increased the last decade in Sweden, as well as in other parts of the world. Although the concept “local food” is commonly used, research shows that there is no single definition of it, instead definitions and meanings vary widely. This has led to a need by consumers of clearer information when buying “local food”. Several main actors in the Swedish food sector have joined forces to meet this issue. This paper contributes to knowledge on definitions, interpretations, and practice on local food by presenting views and opinions among different actors in the food chain in a Swedish context, but also in the light of an international pilot study. Main findings concern how the meaning of “local food” related to production, processing, raw material, and distance differs among stakeholders in the food chain. A majority stated that the basic meaning of “local food” concerns both the production and consumption within a certain geographical area

    Wait a minute? : An observational cohort study comparing iron stores in healthy Swedish infants at 4 months of age after 10-, 60-and 180-second umbilical cord clamping

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    Background and objective: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable stem cell source used for transplantation. Immediate umbilical cord (UC) clamping is widely practised, but delayed UC clamping is increasingly advocated to reduce possible infant anaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate an intermediate UC clamping time point and to evaluate iron status at the age of 4 months in infants who had the UC clamped after 60 s and compare the results with immediate and late UC clamping. Design: Prospective observational study with two historical controls. Setting: A university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, and a county hospital in Halland, Sweden. Methods: Iron status was assessed at 4 months in 200 prospectively recruited term infants whose UC was clamped 60 s after birth. The newborn baby was held below the uterine level for the first 30 s before placing the infant on the mother's abdomen for additional 30 s. The results were compared with data from a previously conducted randomised controlled trial including infants subjected to UC clamping at <= 10 s (n= 200) or >= 180 s (n= 200) after delivery. Results: After adjustment for age differences at the time of follow- up, serum ferritin concentrations were 77, 103 and 114 mu g/L in the 10, 60 and 180 s groups, respectively. The adjusted ferritin concentration was significantly higher in the 60 s group compared with the 10 s group (P=0.002), while the difference between the 60 and 180 s groups was not significant (P=0.29). Conclusion: In this study of healthy term infants, 60 s UC clamping with 30 s lowering of the baby below the uterine level resulted in higher serum ferritin concentrations at 4 months compared with 10 s UC clamping. The results suggest that delaying the UC clamping for 60 s reduces the risk for iron deficiency

    Having to focus on doing rather than being : nurse assistants' experience of palliative care in municipal residential care settings

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    BACKGROUND: Palliative care should be provided, irrespective of setting to all patients facing a life-threatening illness and to their families. The situation and needs of older people differ from those of younger people since they often have several co-existing diseases and health complaints. This implies an extensive need for care and for longer periods of palliative care. The main providers of palliative care for older people are nurse assistants, who are also those with the shortest education. AIM: The aim of this study was to illuminate nurse assistants' experience of palliative care for older people in residential care. DESIGN: The study had an explorative, descriptive design. SETTINGS: Thirteen residential care units in three different districts in a large city in southern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five nurse assistants selected to represent variations in age, gender workplace and work experience. METHODS: Data were collected from six focus-group interviews and subjected to content analysis to gain an understanding of the phenomenon. RESULTS: The nurse assistants described palliative care as a contrast to the everyday care they performed in that they had a legitimate possibility to provide the care needed and a clear assignment in relation to relatives. Palliative care also meant having to face death and dying while feeling simultaneous that it was unnatural to talk about death and having to deal with their own emotions. They emphasised that they were in need of support and experienced leadership as invisible and opaque, but gained strength from being recognized. CONCLUSION: In order to support nurse assistants in providing high quality end-of-life care, more focus is needed on the trajectory of older peoples' dying, on the importance of involving relatives throughout the period of care provision, and on support when encountering death and dying. There is also a need for engaged care leaders, both registered nurses and managers, to recognize the work of nurse assistants and to support care provision for older people within the framework of palliative care philosophy
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