(Un)local development – the dynamics and dissonances of Multi-level governance in the case of Leader in England

This thesis is a case study of the European Union’s community-led local development programme Leader in England during the 2014 – 2020 programme period. The focus of the examination is governance, and in particular how the structural arrangements within a multi-level governance system present conditions for the emergence of hierarchy between local and national actors in the programme. This hierarchy is shown to be incompatible with the Leader ethos, a neo-endogenous form of rural development that should be driven by local actors. For the analysis of governance, Dion Curry’s multi-level governance theory is adopted to understand the relationship of structural and relational arrangements in the programme. In addition, this thesis provides an in-depth look at Leader, examining the programme through the lense of Christopher Ray’s Culture Economy typology. In order to provide a dynamic and practical analysis of Leader, the Culture Economy typology is connected to the theoretical tools of Curry’s multi-level governance theory. The materials for the thesis include EU legislation on Leader and interviews conducted with Leader’s local action group staff and fund beneficiaries in the summer of 2018. The findings suggest that the structure of the programme has allowed for hierarchy to emerge between the local and national actors, which is incongruent with the community-led objective of the programme

Genome-wide Association Meta-analysis of Childhood and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms

Objective: To investigate the genetic architecture of internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Method: In 22 cohorts, multiple univariate genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were performed using repeated assessments of internalizing symptoms, in a total of 64,561 children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age. Results were aggregated in meta-analyses that accounted for sample overlap, first using all available data, and then using subsets of measurements grouped by rater, age, and instrument. Results: The meta-analysis of overall internalizing symptoms (INToverall) detected no genome-wide significant hits and showed low single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability (1.66%, 95% CI = 0.84-2.48%, n(effective) = 132,260). Stratified analyses indicated rater-based heterogeneity in genetic effects, with self-reported internalizing symptoms showing the highest heritability (5.63%, 95% CI = 3.08%-8.18%). The contribution of additive genetic effects on internalizing symptoms appeared to be stable over age, with overlapping estimates of SNP heritability from early childhood to adolescence. Genetic correlations were observed with adult anxiety, depression, and the well-being spectrum (vertical bar r(g)vertical bar > 0.70), as well as with insomnia, loneliness, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and childhood aggression (range vertical bar r(g)vertical bar = 0.42-0.60), whereas there were no robust associations with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or anorexia nervosa. Conclusion: Genetic correlations indicate that childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms share substantial genetic vulnerabilities with adult internalizing disorders and other childhood psychiatric traits, which could partially explain both the persistence of internalizing symptoms over time and the high comorbidity among childhood psychiatric traits. Reducing phenotypic heterogeneity in childhood samples will be key in paving the way to future GWAS success.Peer reviewe

Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry:Workshop Summary

This document presents a summary of the 2023 Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop hosted by CERN. The workshop brought together experts from around the world to discuss the exciting developments in large-scale atom interferometer (AI) prototypes and their potential for detecting ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves. The primary objective of the workshop was to lay the groundwork for an international TVLBAI proto-collaboration. This collaboration aims to unite researchers from different institutions to strategize and secure funding for terrestrial large-scale AI projects. The ultimate goal is to create a roadmap detailing the design and technology choices for one or more km-scale detectors, which will be operational in the mid-2030s. The key sections of this report present the physics case and technical challenges, together with a comprehensive overview of the discussions at the workshop together with the main conclusions

Genetic association study of childhood aggression across raters, instruments, and age

Childhood aggressive behavior (AGG) has a substantial heritability of around 50%. Here we present a genome-wide association metaanalysis (GWAMA) of childhood AGG, in which all phenotype measures across childhood ages from multiple assessors were included. We analyzed phenotype assessments for a total of 328 935 observations from 87 485 children aged between 1.5 and 18 years, while accounting for sample overlap. We also meta-analyzed within subsets of the data, i.e., within rater, instrument and age. SNP-heritability for the overall meta-analysis AGGoverall was 3.31% (SE= 0.0038). We found no genome-wide significant SNPs for AGGoverall. The gene-based analysis returned three significant genes: ST3GAL3 (P= 1.6E-06), PCDH7 (P= 2.0E-06), and IPO13 (P= 2.5E-06). All three genes have previously been associated with educational traits. Polygenic scores based on our GWAMA significantly predicted aggression in a holdout sample of children (variance explained = 0.44%) and in retrospectively assessed childhood aggression (variance explained = 0.20%). Genetic correlations rg among rater-specific assessment of AGG ranged from rg= 0.46 between self- and teacher-assessment to rg= 0.81 between mother- and teacher-assessment. We obtained moderate-to-strong rgs with selected phenotypes from multiple domains, but hardly with any of the classical biomarkers thought to be associated with AGG. Significant genetic correlations were observed with most psychiatric and psychological traits (range |rg|: 0.19-1.00), except for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Aggression had a negative genetic correlation (rg=∼-0.5) with cognitive traits and age at first birth. Aggression was strongly genetically correlated with smoking phenotypes (range |rg| : 0.46-0.60). The genetic correlations between aggression and psychiatric disorders were weaker for teacher-reported AGG than for mother- and self-reported AGG. The current GWAMA of childhood aggression provides a powerful tool to interrogate the rater-specific genetic etiology of AGG.</p

Rakennusvalvonnan ennakoiva laadunohjaus ja energiatehokkuus pientaloissa

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tutkia ennakoivaa laadunohjausta, jonka Joensuun rakennusvalvonta on ottanut käyttöön. Opinnäytetyön tavoite oli selvittää mitä ennakoivalla laadunohjauksella voidaan saavuttaa ja miksi sitä tehdään. Tavoitteena oli myös selvittää pientalorakentamisen energiatehokkuutta ja energiaratkaisuja. Rakennusvalvonnan ennakoivassa laadunohjauksessa opastetaan rakennuttajaa energiatehokkuuteen ja tekniseen kestävyyteen rakennushankkeessa rakennusluvan myöntämisen yhteydessä. Päätavoitteena ennakoivassa laadunohjauksessa Joensuun rakennusvalvonnan osalta on matalaenergiarakentaminen, ja opinnäytetyössä esitetään, kuinka matalaenergiataso saavutetaan.The goal of this thesis was to research proactive quality control and energy efficiency for detached house. One priority of the thesis was to find out is quality control profitable. Proactive quality control of supervision of building contains guidance of energy efficiency and technical durability attached to the construction permission procedure. Main objective in proactive quality control of supervision of building is low cost housing. How to achieve low cost housing level is portrayed in this thesis

Rural Social Innovation and Neo-endogenous Rural Development

Social innovation is an increasingly prominent agent of change in rural communities. Community groups are filling voids in rural service provision, energising nature and heritage conservation projects and supporting a range of cultural and social activities. With no sign of neoliberalism waning, this paper explores mechanisms that can provide effect support for social innovation, with a particular focus on the EU’s LEADER approach. Drawing parallels between social innovation and Neo-endogenous Development, the chapter concludes that a combination of top-down and bottom-up approaches are required and the most effective outcomes arise where local groups become more empowered to make decisions within a supportive, but not over-bureaucratic framework