Engineering characteristics of Egyptian limestone

Purpose. Study of physical properties such as porosity, density and mechanical properties such as compressive strength and tensile strength of Egyptian limestone based on experimental investigations. Methods. In this paper using physical and mechanical properties to evaluate the Egyptian limestone according to the relationship between their properties especially the degree of water saturation. Samples were obtained from six different locations (Helwan, Minia, Assuit, Qena, Sohag, and Aswan). Findings. The strong correlation between porosity and density, and good correlations between uniaxial strength and tensile strength. Carried out results indicated that, small porosity results in greater rock strength and vice versa. Originality. Applying the fitting curve technique to check the best correlation between the different property of limestone to identify the best relationship to apply the prediction to find the limestone property in other location as regards applying conditions. Practical implications. Results carried out that the strong correlation between porosity and density, and good correlations between uniaxial strength and tensile strength as summarize in the outcome of data interpretation. Highest quality stones, in terms of their hydric behavior and mechanical properties, are the index for the suitability of using limestone.Мета. Вивчення фізичних та механічних властивостей вапняку родовищ Єгипту на основі експериментальних досліджень. Методика. Зразки вапняку відбирались з родовищ шести різних провінцій (Helwan, Minia, Assuit, Qena, Sohag, Aswan). Зразки кернів були підготовлені з використанням бурильного станка відповідно до критеріїв стандарту ISRM. Підготовка до випробування зразків керна проводилася перпендикулярно площинам нашарування. Відповідні властивості для виробництва заповнювача були перевірені з точки зору вмісту води, щільності, стійкості до стирання та стійкості до стирання в кінцевому підсумку на вапняковій ділянці, який більше підходить для виготовлення бетону і асфальту. Фізичні властивості (щільність та пористість) і механічні властивості (міцність на стиск, міцність на розрив і коефіцієнт динамічного дроблення) були досліджені за стандартними методиками для дев’яти зразків вапняку кожної з шести провінцій. Результати. Для вапняку родовищ Єгипту експериментально виявлено високу кореляцію між пористістю та щільністю, а також хороші кореляції між міцністю на одновісний стиск і міцністю на розрив, що характеризує інженерні вимоги до його використання у цивільному та промисловому будівництві. Проведені результати показали, що низька пористість призводить до більшої міцності порід і навпаки. Наукова новизна. Полягає у використанні техніки підгонки кривої для перевірки найкращої кореляції між різними властивостями вапняку при встановленні найкращого відношення, застосовуючи цей прогноз для вивчення властивостей вапняку в іншому місці. Практична значимість. Отримані показники фізичних та механічних характеристик вапняку є корисними для визначення можливої області його застосування в цивільному та промисловому будівництві, тощо.Цель. Изучение физических и механических свойств известняка месторождений Египта на основе экспериментальных исследований. Методика. Образцы известняка отбирались с месторождений шести различных провинций (Helwan, Minia, Assuit, Qena, Sohag, Aswan). Образцы кернов были подготовлены с использованием бурильного станка согласно критериям стандарта ISRM. Подготовка к испытанию образцов керна проводилась перпендикулярно плоскостям напластований. Подходящие свойства для производства заполнителя были проверены с точки зрения содержания воды, плотности, устойчивости к истиранию и стойкости к истиранию в конечном итоге на известняковом участке, который больше подходит для изготовления бетона и асфальта. Физические свойства (плотность и пористость) и механические свойства (прочность на сжатие, прочность на разрыв и коэффициент динамического дробления) были исследованы по стандартным методикам для девяти образцов известняка каждой из шести провинций. Результаты. Для известняка месторождений Египта экспериментально обнаружена высокая корреляция между пористостью и плотностью, а также хорошие корреляции между прочностью на одноосное сжатие и прочностью на разрыв, характеризующие инженерные требования к его использованию в гражданском и промышленном строительстве. Проведенные результаты показали, что низкая пористость приводит к большей прочности пород и наоборот. Научная новизна. Заключается в использовании техники подгонки кривой для проверки наилучшей корреляции между различными свойствами известняка при установлении наилучшего отношения, применяя этот прогноз для определения свойств известняка в другом месте. Практическая значимость. Полученные показатели физических и механических характеристик известняка являются полезными для определения возможной области его применения в гражданском и промышленном строительстве и т.д.This research was partially supported by Mining and Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Al-Azhar University, Egypt, that provided machines to finish the research

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Comparison Between Different Algorithms for Maximum PPT in Photovoltaic Systems and its Implementation on Microcontroller

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