承德普陀宗乘之庙石质文物现状问题及对策

The Putuo Zongcheng Temple is the largest temple in the outer eight temples of “Chengde Mountain Resort and Outer Eight Temples”. It preserves a large number of stone cultural relics and has a high historical, artistic and scientific value. Under the influence of long-term natural environment and human production activities, these cultural stone relics have experienced climatic diseases to varying degrees, which seriously endanger the life of cultural relics and require maintenance and urgent protection. It is essential to conduct systematic and detailed disease investigation and analysis before repairing and protecting these stone artifacts.   In May 2007, July 2012 and August 2016, I went to the Putuo Zongcheng Temple in Chengde three times to investigate it. This document systematically analyzes the existing types of diseases and the causes of these diseases by investigating the current status of the preservation of stone artifacts in Putuo Zongcheng Temple. The main reasons are natural and environmental factors, and propose countermeasures to improve the status of stone cultural relics. The statistics of these diseases can provide an investigation and theoretical basis for the protection and restoration later.  El Templo Putuo Zongcheng es el templo más grande en los ocho templos exteriores de " Residencia de Montaña de Chengde y Ocho Templos Exteriores". Conserva una gran cantidad de reliquias culturales de piedra y tiene un alto valor histórico, artístico y científico. Bajo la influencia del medio ambiente natural a largo plazo y las actividades de producción humana, estas reliquias culturales de piedra han experimentado enfermedades climáticas en diversos grados, que ponen en peligro la vida de las reliquias culturales y requieren mantenimiento y protección urgente. Es esencial realizar una investigación y análisis sistemáticos y detallados de la enfermedad antes de reparar y proteger estos artefactos de piedra.   En mayo de 2007, julio de 2012 y agosto de 2016, fui al Templo Putuo Zongcheng en Chengde tres veces para investigar su estado de conservación. Este documento analiza sistemáticamente los tipos existentes de enfermedades y las causas de estas enfermedades al investigar el estado actual de la preservación de los artefactos de piedra en el Templo Putuo Zongcheng. Las razones principales son factores naturales y ambientales, y proponen contramedidas para mejorar el estado de las reliquias culturales de piedra. Las estadísticas de estas enfermedades pueden proporcionar una investigación y una base teórica para la protección y restauración posteriormente

Telomerase RNA TLC1 Shuttling to the Cytoplasm Requires mRNA Export Factors and Is Important for Telomere Maintenance

SummaryTelomerases protect the ends of linear chromosomes from shortening. They are composed of an RNA (TLC1 in S. cerevisiae) and several proteins. TLC1 undergoes several maturation steps before it is exported into the cytoplasm to recruit the Est proteins for complete assembly. The mature telomerase is subsequently reimported into the nucleus, where it fulfills its function on telomeres. Here, we show that TLC1 export into the cytoplasm requires not only the Ran GTPase-dependent karyopherin Crm1/Xpo1 but also the mRNA export machinery. mRNA export factor mutants accumulate mature and export-competent TLC1 RNAs in their nuclei. Moreover, TLC1 physically interacts with the mRNA transport factors Mex67 and Dbp5/Rat8. Most importantly, we show that the nuclear export of TLC1 is an essential step for the formation of the functional RNA containing enzyme, because blocking TLC1 export in the mex67-5 xpo1-1 double mutant prevents its cytoplasmic maturation and leads to telomere shortening

Multifactorial Regulation of a Hox Target Gene

Hox proteins play fundamental roles in controlling morphogenetic diversity along the anterior–posterior body axis of animals by regulating distinct sets of target genes. Within their rather broad expression domains, individual Hox proteins control cell diversification and pattern formation and consequently target gene expression in a highly localized manner, sometimes even only in a single cell. To achieve this high-regulatory specificity, it has been postulated that Hox proteins co-operate with other transcription factors to activate or repress their target genes in a highly context-specific manner in vivo. However, only a few of these factors have been identified. Here, we analyze the regulation of the cell death gene reaper (rpr) by the Hox protein Deformed (Dfd) and suggest that local activation of rpr expression in the anterior part of the maxillary segment is achieved through a combinatorial interaction of Dfd with at least eight functionally diverse transcriptional regulators on a minimal enhancer. It follows that context-dependent combinations of Hox proteins and other transcription factors on small, modular Hox response elements (HREs) could be responsible for the proper spatio-temporal expression of Hox targets. Thus, a large number of transcription factors are likely to be directly involved in Hox target gene regulation in vivo

El status quo y las contramedidas sobre las reliquias de piedra del Templo Putuo Zongcheng en Chengde

普陀宗乘之 庙 ， 作 为 承德 “ 避暑山庄及外八 庙 ” 外八 庙 中 规 模最大的一座 庙 宇 ， 保存着大 量的石 质 文物 ， 具有 较 高的 历 史、 艺术 和科学价 值 。在 长 期自然 环 境和人 类 生 产 活 动 的影 响下 ， 这 些石 质 文物 经历 着不同程度的 风 化病害 ， 严 重危及着文物的寿命 ， 亟需 维 修和保 护 。在 对这 些石 质 文物 进 行 维 修和保 护 之前 ， 对 其 进 行系 统详 尽的病害 调查 分析至关重要 。 2007 年 5 月、 2012 年 7 月和 2016 年 8 月 ， 我先后三次到承德 ， 对 承德普陀宗乘之 庙 主要石 质 文物及其构件保存 现 状 调 研 ， 分析其 现 存的病害种 类 ， 以及 产 生 这 些病害的原因。岩石的 风 化是最常 见 的病害 ， 自然和 环 境因素是最主要原因。保 护环 境、 预 防性保 护 是改善石 质 文物病害 现 状的有效方法之一。通 过这 些病害的 统计 ， 可以 为 以后的保 护 修复提供 实 践 调 查 和理 论 依据。The Putuo Zongcheng Temple is the largest temple in the outer eight temples of “Chengde Mountain Resort and Outer Eight Temples”. It preserves a large number of stone cultural relics and has a high historical, artistic and scientific value. Under the influence of long-term natural environment and human production activities, these cultural stone relics have experienced climatic diseases to varying degrees, which seriously endanger the life of cultural relics and require maintenance and urgent protection. It is essential to conduct systematic and detailed disease investigation and analysis before repairing and protecting these stone artifacts.   In May 2007, July 2012 and August 2016, I went to the Putuo Zongcheng Temple in Chengde three times to investigate it. This document systematically analyzes the existing types of diseases and the causes of these diseases by investigating the current status of the preservation of stone artifacts in Putuo Zongcheng Temple. The main reasons are natural and environmental factors, and propose countermeasures to improve the status of stone cultural relics. The statistics of these diseases can provide an investigation and theoretical basis for the protection and restoration later. Keywords: general description, state of conservation, causes of diseases, countermeasures.  El Templo Putuo Zongcheng es el templo más grande en los ocho templos exteriores de " Residencia de Montaña de Chengde y Ocho Templos Exteriores". Conserva una gran cantidad de reliquias culturales de piedra y tiene un alto valor histórico, artístico y científico. Bajo la influencia del medio ambiente natural a largo plazo y las actividades de producción humana, estas reliquias culturales de piedra han experimentado enfermedades climáticas en diversos grados, que ponen en peligro la vida de las reliquias culturales y requieren mantenimiento y protección urgente. Es esencial realizar una investigación y análisis sistemáticos y detallados de la enfermedad antes de reparar y proteger estos artefactos de piedra.   En mayo de 2007, julio de 2012 y agosto de 2016, fui al Templo Putuo Zongcheng en Chengde tres veces para investigar su estado de conservación. Este documento analiza sistemáticamente los tipos existentes de enfermedades y las causas de estas enfermedades al investigar el estado actual de la preservación de los artefactos de piedra en el Templo Putuo Zongcheng. Las razones principales son factores naturales y ambientales, y proponen contramedidas para mejorar el estado de las reliquias culturales de piedra. Las estadísticas de estas enfermedades pueden proporcionar una investigación y una base teórica para la protección y restauración posteriormente. Palabras clave: descripción general, estado de conservación, causas de enfermedades, contramedidas

A LightGBM-based landslide susceptibility model considering the uncertainty of non-landslide samples

AbstractThe quality of samples is crucial in constructing a data-driven landslide susceptibility model. This article aims to construct a data-driven landslide susceptibility model that takes into account the selection of non-landslide samples. First, 21 conditioning factors are selected, including four types of topography and landform, geological conditions, environmental conditions, and human activities. Grid units with 30 m resolution are established by combining 942 historical landslide events in study area. Second, non-landslide samples are selected using both the traditional method and the information quantity method. Two landslide susceptibility models are established using the Bayesian optimization-LightGBM model. The accuracy of the model is evaluated by significance test and the area under curve (AUC). Finally, the SHAP algorithm is used to analyse the internal mechanism of the model’s decision-making. Based on the information quantity method, the LightGBM model identifies very high-high susceptibility areas that account for 77.92% of the total number of landslides. Additionally, the AUC of test set and the AUC of training set are 23.2% and 17.1% higher, respectively, compared to the traditional model. The selection of different sample data, whether landslide or non-landslide, impacts the factor rank, model accuracy, and the interal decision-making mechanism of the model. This finding provides valuable for the selection of sample data in the binary classification model

Study on Machine Learning Models for Building Resilience Evaluation in Mountainous Area: A Case Study of Banan District, Chongqing, China

‘Resilience’ is a new concept in the research and application of urban construction. From the perspective of building adaptability in a mountainous environment and maintaining safety performance over time, this paper innovatively proposes machine learning methods for evaluating the resilience of buildings in a mountainous area. Firstly, after considering the comprehensive effects of geographical and geological conditions, meteorological and hydrological factors, environmental factors and building factors, the database of building resilience evaluation models in a mountainous area is constructed. Then, machine learning methods such as random forest and support vector machine are used to complete model training and optimization. Finally, the test data are substituted into models, and the models’ effects are verified by the confusion matrix. The results show the following: (1) Twelve dominant impact factors are screened. (2) Through the screening of dominant factors, the models are comprehensively optimized. (3) The accuracy of the optimization models based on random forest and support vector machine are both 97.4%, and the F1 scores are greater than 94.4%. Resilience has important implications for risk prevention and the control of buildings in a mountainous environment

Nuclear Export of Pre-Ribosomal Subunits Requires Dbp5, but Not as an RNA-Helicase as for mRNA Export

<div><p>The DEAD-box RNA-helicase Dbp5/Rat8 is known for its function in nuclear mRNA export, where it displaces the export receptor Mex67 from the mRNA at the cytoplasmic side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Here we show that Dbp5 is also required for the nuclear export of both pre-ribosomal subunits. Yeast temperature-sensitive <i>dbp5</i> mutants accumulate both ribosomal particles in their nuclei. Furthermore, Dbp5 genetically and physically interacts with known ribosomal transport factors such as Nmd3. Similar to mRNA export we show that also for ribosomal transport Dbp5 is required at the cytoplasmic side of the NPC. However, unlike its role in mRNA export, Dbp5 does not seem to undergo its ATPase cycle for this function, as ATPase-deficient <i>dbp5</i> mutants that selectively inhibit mRNA export do not affect ribosomal transport. Furthermore, mutants of <i>GLE1</i>, the ATPase stimulating factor of Dbp5, show no major ribosomal export defects. Consequently, while Dbp5 uses its ATPase cycle to displace the export receptor Mex67 from the translocated mRNAs, Mex67 remains bound to ribosomal subunits upon transit to the cytoplasm, where it is detectable on translating ribosomes. Therefore, we propose a model, in which Dbp5 supports ribosomal transport by capturing ribosomal subunits upon their cytoplasmic appearance at the NPC, possibly by binding export factors such as Mex67. Thus, our findings reveal that although different ribonucleoparticles, mRNAs and pre-ribosomal subunits, use shared export factors, they utilize different transport mechanisms.</p></div

Dbp5 does not displace Mex67 from exported ribosomal particles.

<p><b>(A)</b> Sucrose-density fractionation experiments reveal that Mex67 is associated with polysome-containing fractions from wild type and <i>rat8-2</i> cells and <b>(B)</b> remains equally ribosome bound upon RNase A treatment. The upper panel shows profiles of wild type and <i>rat8-2</i> cells upon flow through photometry (A_254nm) from ultra-centrifuged sucrose gradients. Before loading, the cells were shifted for 1 h to 37°C and half of the resulting lysates were treated with RNase A. The bottom panel shows the corresponding separated protein fractions in Western blot analyses with direct antibodies against Mex67 and the ribosomal protein Rps3. The mRNA-binding protein GFP-Cbp80 was expressed with a galactose-inducible promoter, subsequently detected with an anti-GFP antibody to serve as a positive control. The ratios of all proteins from the first fractions (non-ribosomal+40S+60S) and the last fractions (80S+polysomal fractions) are indicated. <b>(C-D)</b> Mex67 is RNA-independently associated with polysomes in wild type cells. Western blot analyses of Rpl25-GFP immunoprecipitations from polysomal gradient fractions show co-precipitation of Mex67. Wild type yeast lysates were separated in sucrose-density gradients that were subsequently fractionated. The polysomes-containing fractions (red framed area) were subjected to co-immunoprecipitation experiments that were treated with RNase A. The correct fractions were chosen according the flow through photometry profile displayed in <b>(C)</b>. Detection of Rps3 and Dbp5 served as positive controls. Aco1 was detected as non-binding control and the mRNA-binding protein Pab1 as control for the RNase A treatment. <b>(E)</b> The association of Mex67 with ribosomal proteins is unchanged in the <i>rat8-2</i> strain. Western blot analyses of a co-immunoprecipitation experiment with Mex67-GFP and Rps3 or Rpl35 in wild type and <i>rat8-2</i> cells, which were shifted for 1 h to 37°C, are shown upon RNase A treatment. Hem15 served as a negative control.</p