Plantain squirrel callosciurus notatus in a plantation habitat

The daily activity pattern or actogram of four Callosciurus notatus in a mixed plantation crop of oil palm and cacao under coconut in Peninsula-r Malaysia was determined by using radiotelemetry. Resulls suggest that C. notatus exhibits a daily activity pattern from 0630 to 1730 with several peaks. Two major peaks are identified, one at day break (abollt 0730) and another before midday (about 1130). The two peaks were followed by a relative ressation of activity in the afternoon (1430 - 1630). a third smaller peak was recorded in the evening (1730). Individual valiation exists as one individual showed four small peaks interspersed by short periods of rest. The multiple peaks may -reflect the foraging strategy in meeting specific dietary needs. A survey of stomach contents suggests that insects constitute the preferred item in the first couple of hours and a mixed diet of insects and plant matter later during the day

CULTURAL EDUCATION AS AN EFFORT TO PREVENT RELIGIOUS-BASED RADICALISM ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDONESIA

This research begins with an understanding of the endemic radicalism of society, not only of the real world, but also of various online social media. This study showed that the avoidance of online radicalism can be stopped as soon as possible by accusing those influenced by the radical radicality of a secular religious approach. The methods used must be assisted in order to achieve balanced understanding (wasathiyah) under the different environmental conditions of the culture through recognizing the meaning of religion. The research tool used is primarily library work and the journal writings by Abu Rokhmad, a terrorist and radicalise specialist. The results of this study are that an approach that supports inclusive ism will avoid the awareness of radicalization through a heart-to-heart approach. This study also shows that radical actors will never cease to argue dramatically until they are able to grasp different views from Islamic law, culture, and families.Keywords: radicalism, deradicalization, multiculturalism, culture, religion, moderate.Penelitian ini berawal dari paham radikalisme yang telah mewabah di masyarakat, bukan hanya di dunia nyata, bahkan sudah menyusup di berbagai media sosial online. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa cara menangkal radikalisme online dapat dilakukan pencegahan sedini mungkin melalui pendekatan konseling religius multikultural terhadap mereka yang terkena paham radikal radikal. Diantara teknik yang digunakan adalah melalui pemahaman tentang konsep agama juga perlu digalakkan agar memunculkan pemahaman yang moderat (wasathiyah) diberbagai keadaan lingkungan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah library research dengan sumber utama adalah karya dan jurnal karya Abu Rokhmad seorang pakar dalam masalah terorisme dan radikalisme. Temuan penelitian ini adalah paham radikalisasi itu dapat dihentikan dengan pendekatan hati ke hati dengan mengedepankan budaya yang multikultural. Kajian ini juga membuktikan bahwa pelaku paham radikal tidak akan pernah berhenti memberikan argumen radikal kecuali mampu memahami perbedaan pendapat yang bersumber dari syariat Islam, lingkungan sosial, dan keluarga.Kata kunci: radikalisme, deradikalisasi, multikultural, budaya, agama, moderat

Urang Banjar Philosophy: Education and The Social Affairs of The Community

ABSTRACT: The possibility of social change in the Orang Banjar ideology is illustrated in this study. The people of Banjar demonstrate that farming is to be taught for the next generation, not just for the economies alone Bahuma or right farming. This research is field research with a descriptive-analytical approach. This research found that the philosophics of the traditions of Banjar should thrive wherever they are, with the approach of longitude (honesty, trust and fathanah), superficial (persistent and resilient), tugul (diligent and continuity), paibadah (near to God), batarget (sight and a clear mission). This paper is based on al-Qur'an surah Al-Fath verse 29 and al-A'raaf verse 56 and supports Ashabiyah Ibn Khaldun's theory, which emphasizes that three stages tend to change people's thinking, namely the stage of creation, the stage of enjoyment, and the stage of individuality. Likewise, Arnold Toynbee's theory, which suggests that changes that happen in society, whether they are improvement or failure, can be explained by social concepts that are always interrelated, namely challenges and responses. Keywords: Bahuma, Banjar, society, technology, change, education.ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini akan menemukan konsep perubahan sosial dalam ideologi Urang Banjar. Bagi masyarakat Banjar seni bertani dan bekerja (bahuma) harus diajarkan untuk generasi berikutnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitik. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa filosofi tradisi Banjar harus berkembang di mana pun mereka berada, dengan pendekatan bujur (kejujuran, kepercayaan, dan fathanah), cangkal (gigih dan ulet), tugul (rajin dan berkelanjutan), paibadah (dekat dengan Tuhan), batarget (pandangan dan misi yang jelas). Tulisan ini didasarkan pada Alquran surat Al-Fath ayat 29 dan al-A'raaf ayat 56 dan mendukung teori Ashabiyah Ibn Khaldun, yang menekankan bahwa tiga tahap cenderung mengubah pemikiran orang, yaitu tahap penciptaan, tahap kenikmatan, dan tahap individualitas. Demikian juga, teori Arnold Toynbee, yang mengemukakan bahwa perubahan terjadi dalam masyarakat dapat dijelaskan oleh konsep sosial yang selalu saling terkait, yaitu tantangan dan respons

Prasyarat Poligami Dalam Kitab Fiqih Islam Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah

Abstract: This paper discusses about the problematic of the polygamy rules between text and context of the suitability of polygamy requirements stipulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law and some positive Indonesian law with the requirements and permissibility of polygamy in the book of Islamic Jurisprudence of Wahbah Zuhaili. According to Wahbah Zuhaili, the polygamy requirements are only two namely justice for their wives or children and a husband must be able to provide for the maintenance. Meanwhile, according to the Compilation of Islamic Law, several clauses explain the requirements that must be fulfilled by the husband when he wants to do polygamy. They are to maintain the welfare of the soul, wealth (livelihood), and environment. Zuhaili’s mashlahah approach is more directed to the practice of polygamy that must really achieve the goodness of the Islamic law clearly and confidently, not just lust. While the mashlahah approach in the Compilation of Islamic Law leads more to the adjustment of the ability of the soul, the provision of decent living, there is no tendency among the bride’s family, and not creating mudharat in the household and social life. The issue of the requirements as mentioned in the Islamic jurisprudence and the Compilation of Islamic Law has similarity as to avoid as much harm as possible. Abstrak: Tulisan ini membahas problematika aturan poligami antara teks dan konteks yaitu kesesuaian persyaratan poligami yang diatur dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam serta beberapa hukum positif Indonesia dengan persyaratan dan dibolehkannya poligami dalam kitab Fiqih Islam karangan Wahbah Zuhaili. Menurut Wahbah Zuhaili, persyaratan poligami hanya ada dua yaitu keadilan bagi para istri atau anak-anak mereka, dan seorang suami harus mampu memberi nafkah untuk memelihara kemaslahatannya. Sedangkan menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam ada beberapa pasal yang menjelaskan persyaratan yang harus dilakukan oleh suami ketika ingin berpoligami, yaitu demi menjaga kemaslahatan jiwa, harta (nafkah), dan lingkungan. Pendekatan mashlahah Zuhaili lebih mengarah pada praktik poligami yang harus benar-benar mencapai kebaikan dari syariat Islam secara jelas dan yakin, bukan sekedar nafsu belaka. Sementara pendekatan mashlahah dalam KHI lebih mengarah pada penyesuaian kemampuan jiwa, pemberian nafkah yang layak, tidak ada tendensi antar keluarga mempelai, dan tidak menjadikan mudharat dalam rumah tangga dan lingkungan sosial masyarakat sekitarnya. Prasyarat poligami dari perspektif mashlahah antara kitab Fiqih Islam dan KHI memiliki kesamaan dalam masalah pemenuhan syarat berpoligami dan menghindari kemudharatan semaksimal mungkin

Sustainable Control of Rats by Rodenticide Application and Natural Propagation of Barn Owls (Tyto Javanica)

Rat infestation in crops has been dealt with the crudest method of hunting and trapping to reliance on natural enemies to application of rodenticides and the present approach of IPM by combining baiting with biological control by a suitable predator. Sustainability is the key feature where rat pest is kept below the carrying capacity of the habitat avoiding harming nontarget animals and preserving the environment. Combining rodenticides with predators calls for a balancing act whereby the latter is not exposed in as much as possible to intoxication by the former through secondary poisoning. Long-term exposure to the first-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (FGAR) has given rise to bait resistance, prompting the formulation of highly toxic second-generation rodenticides (SGAR) that may overcome resistance in rat but lead to bioaccumulation of rodenticide residues in the predator leading to lethal or sublethal effects on the latter, which defeats the purpose. Therefore, the choice of rodenticides and applications may bring out the desired effects for a sustainable rat control programme in combination with predators as natural enemies. This paper reports on a number of studies to achieve sustainable rat control programme by combining available rodenticide formulations with the natural propagation of barn owls Tyto javanica in oil palm plantation in Malaysia

Preliminary study of bandicoot rat population in paddy field, Kedah

Kedah known as the National Granary (Jelapang Padi Negara) as it is the largest rice cultivation and producing state in Malaysia. In terms of rat pest, the rice field rat (Rattus argentiventer) is commonly present in the state and elsewhere. As recent as from five years ago, the greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) is more prominent as attested by local farmers. The greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) is an extant population of rat introduced in northern peninsular Malaysia from Central Asia.They were found to bevicious and resulted in serious pest damage in multi-agriculture lands such as paddy field, wheat fields, and even vegetable farms. However, there is a lack of information and research them in Malaysia. Therefore, a removal sampling technique was used and evaluated according to its assumptions for estimating the absolute densities of greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) in paddy fields in Kedah. The study was conducted during the land preparation stage of the rice field during the dry season. Removal sampling is a method of absolute density estimation based on the decline in successive catch numbers as individuals are abstracted from a population. A linear regression method was used to calculate the density estimate using the removal sampling data

Application of Constructivist Approach by Kiyai in Arabic Language Teaching at Al-Falah Pesantren, Banjarbaru: An Active Learning Model to Enhance Arabic Language Skills

This research addresses the role of the constructivist approach in teaching Arabic at the al-Falah Islamic boarding school, Banjarbaru. This research used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and participatory observation as data collection methods. The results showed that the constructivist approach to learning Arabic at Pesantren al-Falah applies active learning methods, such as discovery learning and free expression. Kiyai, instructors, and dormitory leaders have created various programs and activities to improve student's language skills. The learning environment is not only limited to the classroom but also involves the dormitory, playground, kitchen, mosque, and other places. In addition, problem-solving and thinking skills are taught during the learning process. Overall, the Kiyai as a role model approach model effectively improves students' skills in Arabic in pesantren. This research contributes to developing the Arabic language in other pesantren in Indonesia

PARADIGMA DAN ALIENASI KONSEP MASLAHAT AL-TUFI SEBAGAI LEGALITAS SUMBER SYARIAH

AbstractThis paper aims to describe the al-Ṭūfī's concept of maṣlaḥah as the supremacy of Islamic law and its difference with the concept of maṣlaḥah by the majority of scholars. This research is in the form of library research with content analysis and comparison methods. The primary sources used were Sharḥ al-Arba'īn al-Nawāwī Mulḥiq al-Maṣlaḥah fi al-Tashrī 'al-Islāmī and Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Rawḍah. Maṣlaḥah for al-Ṭūfī is all causes that lead to good, both in the field of worship and muamalah, and all efforts to realize maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. Al-Ṭūfī based his concept on text, consent, and intelligence. Al-Tufi places maṣlaḥah as the strongest and independent proposition in the field of mu’āmalah. This thought is what distinguishes it from the concept of maṣlaḥah in general. The methods he uses are takhṣīṣ and bayān, both of which only apply to ẓannī texts, not qaṭ'ī texts. AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep maṣlaḥah al-Ṭūfī sebagai supremasi hukum syariah dan distingsinya dengan konsep maslahat mayoritas ulama. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian pustaka dengan metode content analisys dan komparasi. Sumber primer yang digunakan yaitu Sharḥ al-Arba‘īn al-Nawāwī Mulḥiq al-Maṣlaḥah fi al-Tashrī‘ al-Islāmī dan Sharḥ Mukhtaṣar al-Rawḍah. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa menurut al-Ṭūfī, maslahat ialah segala sebab yang membawa kepada kebaikan, dalam bidang ibadah dan muamalah, serta segala upaya untuk merealisasikan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Konsepnya didasarkan atas nash, ijmak, dan intelegensi. al-Tufi menempatkan maslahat sebagai dalil mandiri dan terkuat dalam bidang muamalah. Hal inilah yang membedakannya dengan konsep maslahat secara umum. Metode yang ia gunakan yaitu dengan takhṣīṣ dan bayān yang kedunya hanya berlaku pada nash ẓannī, bukan nash qaṭ‘ī.

Iron in Groundwater : Their Removal by Electrochemical Process using Aluminium Electrode

Neither iron nor manganese in water present a health hazard. However, their presence in water may cause taste, staining, and accumulation problems. Because iron and manganese are chemically similar, they cause similar problems. Iron will cause reddish-brown staining of laundry, porcelain, dishes, utensils, and even glassware. Manganese acts in a similar way but causes a brownish-black stain. Soaps and detergents do not remove these stains, and the use of chlorine bleach and alkaline builders (such as sodium carbonate) can actually intensify the stains. Iron and manganese deposits will build up in pipelines, pressure tanks, water heaters, and water softeners. This reduces the available quantity and pressure of the water supply. Iron and manganese accumulations become an economic problem when water supply or softening equipment must be replaced. There are also associated increased energy costs, like pumping water through constricted pipes or heating water with heating rods coated with iron or manganese minerals. Iron and manganese are concentrated in water by contact with rocks and minerals, and occasionally man-made materials like iron and steel pipes. It is usually groundwater supplies that may require treatment for high levels of iron and manganese. Generally speaking, few surface water supplies have high enough levels of either to cause problems. Occasionally discharge of acid industrial wastes or mine drainage may increase iron or manganese to problem levels in surface water. The objective of this experiment is to find an optimum condition of removing iron from groundwater by electrochemical process using aluminium electrodes. The desired concentration of iron is below than 0.3 mg/L