62 research outputs found
Cultural Neuroeconomics of Intertemporal Choice
According to theories of cultural neuroscience, Westerners and Easterners may have distinct styles of cognition (e.g., different allocation of attention). Previous research has shown that Westerners and Easterners tend to utilize analytical and holistic cognitive styles, respectively. On the other hand, little is known regarding the cultural differences in neuroeconomic behavior. For instance, economic decisions may be affected by cultural differences in neurocomputational processing underlying attention; however, this area of neuroeconomics has been largely understudied. In the present paper, we attempt to bridge this gap by considering the links between the theory of cultural neuroscience and neuroeconomic theory\ud
of the role of attention in intertemporal choice. We predict that (i) Westerners are more impulsive and inconsistent in intertemporal choice in comparison to Easterners, and (ii) Westerners more steeply discount delayed monetary losses than Easterners. We examine these predictions by utilizing a novel temporal discounting model based on Tsallis' statistics (i.e. a q-exponential model). Our preliminary analysis of temporal discounting of gains and losses by Americans and Japanese confirmed the predictions from the cultural neuroeconomic theory. Future study directions, employing computational modeling via neural networks, are briefly outlined and discussed
Evolution of ethnocentrism on undirected and directed Barabási-Albert networks
Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study the evolution of contigent cooperation and ethnocentrism in the one-move game. Interactions and reproduction among computational agents are simulated on undirected and directed Barabási-\ud
Albert (BA) networks. We first replicate the Hammond-Axelrod model of in-group favoritism on a square lattice and then generalize this model on undirected and directed BA networks for both asexual and sexual reproduction cases. Our simulations demonstrate that irrespective of the mode of reproduction, ethnocentric strategy becomes common even though cooperation is individually costly and mechanisms such as reciprocity or conformity are absent. Moreover, our results indicate that the spread of favoritism toward similar others highly depends on the network topology and the associated heterogeneity of the studied population
The Molecular Biodiversity of Protein Targeting and Protein Transport Related to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Looking at the variety of the thousands of different polypeptides that have been focused
on in the research on the endoplasmic reticulum from the last five decades taught us one humble
lesson: no one size fits all. Cells use an impressive array of components to enable the safe transport
of protein cargo from the cytosolic ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Safety during the transit
is warranted by the interplay of cytosolic chaperones, membrane receptors, and protein translocases
that together form functional networks and serve as protein targeting and translocation routes.
While two targeting routes to the endoplasmic reticulum, SRP (signal recognition particle) and GET
(guided entry of tail-anchored proteins), prefer targeting determinants at the N- and C-terminus of
the cargo polypeptide, respectively, the recently discovered SND (SRP-independent) route seems to
preferentially cater for cargos with non-generic targeting signals that are less hydrophobic or more
distant from the termini. With an emphasis on targeting routes and protein translocases, we will
discuss those functional networks that drive efficient protein topogenesis and shed light on their
redundant and dynamic nature in health and disease
Universality of preference behaviors in online music-listener bipartite networks: A Big Data analysis
We investigate the formation of musical preferences of millions of users of
the NetEase Cloud Music (NCM), one of the largest online music platforms in
China. We combine the methods from complex networks theory and information
sciences within the context of Big Data analysis to unveil statistical patterns
and community structures underlying the formation and evolution of musical
preference behaviors. Our analyses address the decay patterns of music
influence, users' sensitivity to music, age and gender differences, and their
relationship to regional economic indicators. Employing community detection in
user-music bipartite networks, we identified eight major cultural communities
in the population of NCM users. Female users exhibited higher within-group
variability in preference behavior than males, with a major transition
occurring around the age of 25. Moreveor, the musical tastes and the preference
diversity measures of women were also more strongly associated with economic
factors. However, in spite of the highly variable popularity of music tracks
and the identified cultural and demographic differences, we observed that the
evolution of musical preferences over time followed a power-law-like decaying
function, and that NCM listeners showed the highest sensitivity to music
released in their adolescence, peaking at the age of 13. Our findings suggest
the existence of universal properties in the formation of musical tastes but
also their culture-specific relationship to demographic factors, with
wide-ranging implications for community detection and recommendation system
design in online music platforms.Comment: 23 pages, 15 Figures, 4 Table
The missing neurocognitive and artificial general intelligence bases of robocup reasearch: What still needs to be done before 2050?
Contains fulltext :
73427.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access
Influence of geography on language competition
Competition between languages or cultural traits diffusing in the same
geographical area is studied combining the language competition model of Abrams
and Strogatz and a human dispersal model on an inhomogeneous substrate. Also,
the effect of population growth is discussed. It is shown through numerical
experiments that the final configuration of the surviving language can be
strongly affected by geographical and historical factors. These factors are not
related to the dynamics of culture transmission, but rather to initial
population distributions as well as geographical boundaries and
inhomogeneities, which modulate the diffusion process.Comment: typos in contact information have been corrected - text/figures not
change
Cooperation in the snowdrift game on directed small-world networks under self-questioning and noisy conditions
Cooperation in the evolutionary snowdrift game with a self-questioning
updating mechanism is studied on annealed and quenched small-world networks
with directed couplings. Around the payoff parameter value , we find a
size-invariant symmetrical cooperation effect. While generally suppressing
cooperation for payoffs, rewired networks facilitated cooperative
behavior for . Fair amounts of noise were found to break the observed
symmetry and further weaken cooperation at relatively large values of .
However, in the absence of noise, the self-questioning mechanism recovers
symmetrical behavior and elevates altruism even under large-reward conditions.
Our results suggest that an updating mechanism of this type is necessary to
stabilize cooperation in a spatially structured environment which is otherwise
detrimental to cooperative behavior, especially at high cost-to-benefit ratios.
Additionally, we employ component and local stability analyses to better
understand the nature of the manifested dynamics.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl
Proteomics Identifies Substrates and a Novel Component in hSnd2-Dependent ER Protein Targeting
Importing proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for about 30% of the human proteome. It involves the targeting of precursor proteins to the ER and their insertion into or translocation across the ER membrane. Furthermore, it relies on signals in the precursor polypeptides and components, which read the signals and facilitate their targeting to a protein-conducting channel in the ER membrane, the Sec61 complex. Compared to the SRP- and TRC-dependent pathways, little is known about the SRP-independent/SND pathway. Our aim was to identify additional components and characterize the client spectrum of the human SND pathway. The established strategy of combining the depletion of the central hSnd2 component from HeLa cells with proteomic and differential protein abundance analysis was used. The SRP and TRC targeting pathways were analyzed in comparison. TMEM109 was characterized as hSnd3. Unlike SRP but similar to TRC, the SND clients are predominantly membrane proteins with N-terminal, central, or C-terminal targeting signals
Proteomics Identifies Substrates and a Novel Component in hSnd2-Dependent ER Protein Targeting
Importing proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for about 30% of the human proteome. It involves the targeting of precursor proteins to the ER and their insertion into or translocation across the ER membrane. Furthermore, it relies on signals in the precursor polypeptides and components, which read the signals and facilitate their targeting to a protein-conducting channel in the ER membrane, the Sec61 complex. Compared to the SRP- and TRC-dependent pathways, little is known about the SRP-independent/SND pathway. Our aim was to identify additional components and characterize the client spectrum of the human SND pathway. The established strategy of combining the depletion of the central hSnd2 component from HeLa cells with proteomic and differential protein abundance analysis was used. The SRP and TRC targeting pathways were analyzed in comparison. TMEM109 was characterized as hSnd3. Unlike SRP but similar to TRC, the SND clients are predominantly membrane proteins with N-terminal, central, or C-terminal targeting signals
A Biased Review of Sociophysics
Various aspects of recent sociophysics research are shortly reviewed:
Schelling model as an example for lack of interdisciplinary cooperation,
opinion dynamics, combat, and citation statistics as an example for strong
interdisciplinarity.Comment: 16 pages for J. Stat. Phys. including 2 figures and numerous
reference
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