Щодо утворення сімейств атомарних радіальних базисних функцій

Наведено схему побудови сімейств атомарних радіальних базисних функцій, які є нескінченно диференційовними фінітними розв'язками функціонально-диференціальних рівнянь, породжених операторами Лапласа та Гельмгольца.The scheme of building a family of atomic radial basis functions which are infinitely differentiable finite solutions of the functional-differential equations containing the Laplace and Helmholtz operators is introduced

Early Intervention for Children Aged 0 to 2 Years With or at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy International Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Systematic Reviews:International Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Systematic Reviews

IMPORTANCE: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability. Early intervention for children younger than 2 years with or at risk of CP is critical. Now that an evidence-based guideline for early accurate diagnosis of CP exists, there is a need to summarize effective, CP-specific early intervention and conduct new trials that harness plasticity to improve function and increase participation. Our recommendations apply primarily to children at high risk of CP or with a diagnosis of CP, aged 0 to 2 years. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the best available evidence about CP-specific early interventions across 9 domains promoting motor function, cognitive skills, communication, eating and drinking, vision, sleep, managing muscle tone, musculoskeletal health, and parental support. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The literature was systematically searched for the best available evidence for intervention for children aged 0 to 2 years at high risk of or with CP. Databases included CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were appraised by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) or Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Recommendations were formed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. FINDINGS: Sixteen systematic reviews and 27 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Quality varied. Three best-practice principles were supported for the 9 domains: (1) immediate referral for intervention after a diagnosis of high risk of CP, (2) building parental capacity for attachment, and (3) parental goal-setting at the commencement of intervention. Twenty-eight recommendations (24 for and 4 against) specific to the 9 domains are supported with key evidence: motor function (4 recommendations), cognitive skills (2), communication (7), eating and drinking (2), vision (4), sleep (7), tone (1), musculoskeletal health (2), and parent support (5). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: When a child meets the criteria of high risk of CP, intervention should start as soon as possible. Parents want an early diagnosis and treatment and support implementation as soon as possible. Early intervention builds on a critical developmental time for plasticity of developing systems. Referrals for intervention across the 9 domains should be specific as per recommendations in this guideline

The Gift of the Eye - Mortuary ritual performed by the Jadopatias in the Santal villages of Bengal and Bihar, India

The Jadopatia has found a niche working among the Santals. The work he performs is connected with the fate of the deceased Santal. These ritual acts are firmly planted in the world-view and ritual context of the Santal as well as Hindu society. However, this event is not a compulsory part of the Santal funeral ritual cycle. How is it then that the Santal generally accepts the Jadopatia's visit, and complies with the Jadopatia's demands when he performs his mortuary act

Establishment of electric crematorium in Nepal: continuity, changes and challenges

Traditionally cremations in Nepal are performed with open pyres. These cremations are fluid public events organised and managed by relatives, local communities and ritual specialists. Traditional cremation practices are full of cosmological, eschatological and soteriological significance. The main purpose of the cremation practice is to purify and free the soul from the body of the deceased in order to secure a rebirth in another realm, render the soul a safe journey to heaven, and to turn the soul into a benign ancestor instead of a haunting ghost. On the 24th of January 2016, Pashupati Area Development Trust inaugurated the first functioning modern electric crematorium in Nepal at the traditional cremation site near the Pashupatinath temple, at the holy river Bagmati, 5 km northeast of Kathmandu. The main incentive for Pashupati Area Development Trust to establish an electric crematorium was to diminish river pollution, carbon dioxide emission and to curb deforestation. How do Hindus in Nepal continue, compromise and adapt their traditional cremation practice in the modern indoor electric crematorium? The aim of this article is to explore the continuity, changes and challenges to traditional Hindu cremation practice in the electric crematorium at Pashupati area

Cremation in Norway: regulation, changes and challenges

In this article I explore the development of modern cremation and cremation events in Norway. I focus on the multiple ontologies of cremation events and the relationships between the living mourners and the dead during the gradual transformation of the social person within Christian, secular as well as Hindu traditions in Norway. Within Christian tradition this is a linear process which I intentionally contrast with the predominantly cyclical process within the Hindu tradition. I illustrate how various cosmological, eschatological, soteriological, economic, environmental, as well as socio-political factors regulate and shape the form and content of cremation events and disposal in Norway

The significance of communities of practice: Norwegian nursing students' experience of clinical placement in Bangladesh

Abstract Aim; The purpose of this study was to gain understanding of Norwegian students' experience of learning in clinical placement in Bangladesh without formal one-to-one supervision, by a personal mentor in the ward. Design; Using focus group interviews with bachelor nursing students we explored the significance of ‘communities of practice’ in nursing practicum abroad, socialization and knowledge transfer. Method; Seven third year bachelor nursing students enrolled in a clinical placement programme in Bangladesh participated in focus group interviews prior to their departure to Bangladesh, during their stay in Bangladesh and after their return to Norway. Results; The Students’ marginality and ‘peripheral participation’ triggered insight and reflection. The challenging but advantageous position of the peripheral students was heightened further due to the lack of one-to-one supervision in the clinic. Their previous experience with problem based learning and group learning was an asset that made them more resilient and helped them to cope

Development of motor functions in health and disease

During recent decades knowledge on mechanisms governing motor control has rapidly increased. The expansion in knowledge was brought about by the development of sophisticated physiological, neurochemical, and imaging techniques. The idea that motor behavior was largely controlled by reflex mechanisms was abandoned. Nowadays, motility is regarded as the net result of the activity of complex spinal or brainstem machineries, which are subtly modulated by segmental afferent information and ingeniously controlled by supraspinal networks (Grillner et al., 1995, 2005). Functional imaging makes it increasingly clear that supraspinal activity is organized in large-scale networks, in which cortical areas continuously interact with intermediary cortical or subcortical (striatal, cerebellar) structures (Hikosaka et al., 2002; Molinari et al., 2002). In the light of motor development it is good to realize that, in particular, cortical-subcortical networks expanded during phylogeny and that these networks determine to a large extent human motor ontogeny. This does not, however, preclude developmental changes in the spinal cord and muscles: developmental changes in one part of the neuromuscular system affect those in other parts of the system. Concurrent with the changes in insight into the neural mechanisms involved in motor control, knowledge on motor development has also increased – although at a considerably slower pace. This has led to changes in theoretical frameworks of the processes involved in the development of motor control.</p

Contested discourses and culture sensitivity: Norwegian nursing students’ experience of clinical placement in Nicaragua

Aim: The purpose of this study was to gain understanding of Norwegian students’ practical experience of ‘culture sensitivity’. Design: Using focus group interviews and individual written assignments, we draw upon Foucauldian social analysis to uncover nursing students’ narratives about their clinical placement in Nicaragua. Method: Seven third year bachelor nursing students enrolled in a clinical placement program on the Caribbean coast in Nicaragua and participated in focus group interviews. Interviews were conducted prior to their departure to Nicaragua and after their return to Norway. Other sources of data included learning objectives for clinical placement, written individual assignments with students’ reflections about their experiences and achievement of learning objectives. Results: Students´ express gradual increasing awareness about the nursing discourses and power relations shaping clinical encounters throughout their clinical placement learning trajectory. They become more aware of the micro-politics of nursing practices through their experiences of clashes between different contested nursing discourses