Lisansüstü Öğrencilerinin Stem Eğitimi ile İlgili Görüşleri: İki Üniversite Örneği

DergiPark: 623999tredBu araştırmanın amacı lisansüstü öğrencilerinin STEMeğitimi ile ilgili görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın yöntemi durumçalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu iki farklı üniversitenin fen bilgisieğitimi ana bilim dalında lisansüstü eğitim gören toplam 10 öğrencidenoluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak 10 sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmışmülakat kullanılmıştır. Mülakatlardan elde edilen veriler içerik analizine göreçözümlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde “STEM ile ilgili tanımlar”, “STEMeğitiminin uygulanmasının avantajları ve dezavantajları”, “STEM eğitimyaklaşımının diğer yaklaşımlarla olan benzerlik ve farklılıkları”, “STEMeğitimine yönelik öğrenme ortamlarının sahip olması gereken nitelikler” ve“STEM eğitim yaklaşımını uygulayacak öğretmenlerin sahip olması gerekennitelikler” kategorileri oluşturulmuştur. Verilerin güvenilirliğini sağlamakiçin birbirinden bağımsız olarak üç araştırmacı verileri kodlamışlardır.Kodlayıcılar arasındaki tutarlılık yüzdesi hesaplanmıştır ve kodlayıcılararasındaki tutarlılık 0.85 olarak bulunmuştur. Verilerin geçerliliğini sağlamakiçin öğrenci ifadelerinden alıntılar sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucundalisansüstü öğrencilerinin STEM eğitimi ile ilgili daha çok olumlu görüşbelirtmiş olmalarına rağmen yetersiz bir anlayışa sahip oldukları ortayaçıkmıştır. Ayrıca lisansüstü öğrenciler STEM eğitiminin ülkemiz şartlarındauygulanmasına yönelik tereddütleri olduğunu ifade etmişler ve STEM eğitimininetkili bir şekilde uygulanmasına yönelik öneriler sunmuşlardır

Intersection problem for Droms RAAGs

We solve the subgroup intersection problem (SIP) for any RAAG G of Droms type (i.e., with defining graph not containing induced squares or paths of length 3): there is an algorithm which, given finite sets of generators for two subgroups H,K of G, decides whether $H \cap K$ is finitely generated or not, and, in the affirmative case, it computes a set of generators for $H \cap K$. Taking advantage of the recursive characterization of Droms groups, the proof consists in separately showing that the solvability of SIP passes through free products, and through direct products with free-abelian groups. We note that most of RAAGs are not Howson, and many (e.g. F_2 x F_2) even have unsolvable SIP.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures (revised following the referee's suggestions

Utility of a Sequence-Independent, Single-Primer-Amplification (SISPA) and Nanopore Sequencing Approach for Detection and Characterization of Tick-Borne Viral Pathogens

Currently, next generation sequencing (NGS) is the mainly used approach for identification and monitorization of viruses with a potential public health threat in clinical and environmental samples. To facilitate detection in NGS, the sequence-independent, single-primer-amplification (SISPA) is an effective tool for enriching virus sequences. We performed a preliminary assessment of SISPA-nanopore sequencing as a potential approach for screening tick-borne viruses in six specimens with detectable Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) sequences. A comparison of unbiased NGS and SISPA followed by nanopore sequencing was carried out in 4 specimens with single and pooled ticks. The approach was further used for genome sequencing in culture-grown viruses. Overall, total/virus-specific read counts were significantly elevated in cell culture supernatants in comparison to single or pooled ticks. Virus genomes could be successfully characterized by SISPA with identities over 99%. Genome coverage varied according to the segment and total read count. Base calling errors were mainly observed in tick specimens and more frequent in lower viral loads. Culture-grown viruses were phylogenetically-related to previously-reported local viruses. In conclusion, the SISPA + nanopore sequencing was successful in generating data comparable to NGS and will provide an effective tool for broad-range virus detection in ticks.Peer Reviewe

Survey And Characterization Of Jingmen Tick Virus Variants

We obtained a Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) isolate, following inoculation of a tick pool with detectable Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) RNA. We subsequently screened 7223 ticks, representing 15 species in five genera, collected from various regions in Anatolia and eastern Thrace, Turkey. Moreover, we tested specimens from various patient cohorts (n = 103), and canine (n = 60), bovine (n = 20) and avian specimens (n = 65). JMTV nucleic acids were detected in 3.9% of the tick pools, including those from several tick species from the genera Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis, and Hyalomma marginatum, the main vector of CCHFV in Turkey. Phylogenetic analysis supported two separate clades, independent of host or location, suggesting ubiquitous distribution in ticks. JMTV was not recovered from any human, animal or bird specimens tested. Near-complete viral genomes were sequenced from the prototype isolate and from three infected tick pools. Genome topology and functional organization were identical to the members of Jingmen group viruses. Phylogenetic reconstruction of individual viral genome segments and functional elements further supported the close relationship of the strains from Kosovo. We further identified probable recombination events in the JMTV genome, involving closely-related strains from Anatolia or China.PubMedWoSScopu

Novel Tick Phlebovirus Genotypes Lacking Evidence for Vertebrate Infections in Anatolia and Thrace, Turkey

We screened ticks and human clinical specimens to detect and characterize tick phleboviruses and pathogenicity in vertebrates. Ticks were collected at locations in Istanbul (Northwest Anatolia, Thrace), Edirne, Kırklareli, and Tekirdağ (Thrace), Mersin (Mediterranean Anatolia), Adiyaman and Şanlıurfa (Southeastern Anatolia) provinces from 2013–2018 and were analyzed following morphological identification and pooling. Specimens from individuals with febrile disease or meningoencephalitic symptoms of an unknown etiology were also evaluated. The pools were screened via generic tick phlebovirus amplification assays and products were sequenced. Selected pools were used for cell culture and suckling mice inoculations and next generation sequencing (NGS). A total of 7492 ticks were screened in 609 pools where 4.2% were positive. A phylogenetic sequence clustering according to tick species was observed. No human samples were positive. NGS provided near-complete viral replicase coding sequences in three pools. A comprehensive analysis revealed three distinct, monophyletic virus genotypes, comprised of previously-described viruses from Anatolia and the Balkans, with unique fingerprints in conserved amino acid motifs in viral replicase. A novel tick phlebovirus group was discovered circulating in the Balkans and Turkey, with at least three genotypes or species. No evidence for replication in vertebrates or infections in clinical cases could be demonstrated.Peer Reviewe

Arboviral screening of invasive Aedes species in northeastern Turkey

Mosquitoes can transmit viruses to susceptible humans during blood-feeding. The presence and establishment of particular mosquito species within a region is the prerequisite for the introduction and emergence of the diseases transmitted by that species. Aedes mosquitoes transmit dengue and yellow fever, as well as recently-emergent chikungunya and Zika viruses to susceptible humans. Mosquitoes were collected in the Black Sea region of Anatolia, NE Turkey, where invasive Aedes mosquitoes have recently encroached, and specimens were screened for a variety of viruses. We observed particular Aedes species that are associated with disease transmission, suggesting that these species have been established in the region. We did not detect dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya or Zika viruses, but West Nile virus was found in several pools of these invasive species. Moreover, we detected a number of related viruses that exclusively infect mosquitoes, identified for the first time in Anatolia. Using advanced sequencing technologies, the near-complete genome of a new Aedes flavivirus (AEFV-Turkey) was achieved.PubMedWoSScopu