Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Ionic Liquid Effect over the Biginelli Reaction under Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Bronsted. and Lewis acid catalysts, with ionic tags under homogeneous, and heterogeneous conditions' have,been tested to perform the Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (DHPMs). Metal-containing ionic liquids were evaluated as the catalysts with reasonable results (homogeneous systems). Heterogeneous catalysts (zeolite beta and H3PW12O40 supported zeolite beta) have been tested, as Well, with good to excellent results. The use of a functionalized acid ionic liquid with a heteropolyacid in the anion moiety (homogeneous system) gave the best results using no excess of the three reagents. The preferred Mechanistic pathway was investigated by electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion modes with very elucidative results. The ionic liquid effect and its origin were also investigated using mass spectrometry and DFT calculations.3714201430Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FINEP-MCTFINATECFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPDFDPP-UnBANP-PETROBRASCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP