Open ocean temperature and salinity trends in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem

The Sea Surface Temperature in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) for the 32 years in the period 1982‐2013 shows a mean warming trend of 0.28°C decade‐1. However, this overall warming trend shows significant changes due to the influence of the different dynamical regimes that coexist in the CCLME. Near the coast, in the area under the influence of the upwelling, between Cape Blanc and Cape Beddouza, the warming trend is not statistically different from zero. Near the coast, but in the waters under the influence of downwelling, between Cape Verde and Cape Blanc, the warming trend is higher (>0.5°C decade‐1), and statistically significant. In the oceanic regions, there is a statistically significant trend of 0.25°C decade‐1, a trend that is also observed in waters shallower than the permanent thermocline (200‐ 600 dbar). This warming rate is density compensate, with an increase in salinity of 0.02 decade‐1. Neither the intermediate waters nor the upper deep waters show any statistically significant trend. The deep waters (2600‐3600 dbar) in the oceanic waters north of the Canary Islands, show a warming rate of ‐0.01°C decade‐1 and a freshening of ‐0.002 decade‐1.En prens

The Canary Basin contribution to the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26°N

This study examines the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its eastern boundary contributions. The cycle has a magnitude of 6 Sv, as measured by the RAPID/MOCHA/WBTS project array at 26°N, which is driven largely by the eastern boundary. The eastern boundary variations are explored in the context of the regional circulation around the Canary Islands. There is a 3 month lag between maximum wind forcing and the largest eastern boundary transports, which is explained in terms of a model for Rossby wave generated at the eastern boundary. Two dynamic processes take place through the Lanzarote Passage (LP) in fall: the recirculation of the Canary Current and the northward flow of the Intermediate Poleward Undercurrent. In contrast, during the remaining seasons the transport through the LP is southward due to the Canary Upwelling Current. These processes are linked to the seasonal cycle of the AMOC

Desarrollo de un programa de educación nutricional y valoración del cambio de hábitos alimentarios saludables en una población de estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria

[email protected]ón: La adolescencia se considera un periodo crítico en la adquisición y configuración de hábitos alimentarios y de un estilo de vida saludable para el futuro joven y que probablemente serán perdurables en la edad adulta. La obesidad infantil y juvenil es un problema de Salud Pública cuyo control pasa necesariamente por la prevención y la educación nutricional. Objetivos: Evaluar el estado nutricional de los adolescentes y determinar la proporción con sobrepeso u obesidad y establecer un programa de Intervención Nutricional y analizar la mejora en el patrón de hábitos alimentarios en los adolescentes. Métodos: El estudio se ha realizado sobre una población de 372 alumnos de ESO del IES de la ciudad de Gandía (Valencia). Resultados: El 37,8% de los adolescentes ha mejorado el grado de la calidad de la dieta. Aquellos que consumen una dieta de muy buena calidad ha pasado de ser del 30,0% al 58,6%. También es significativo el número de alumnos que han comenzado a desayunar y los que han dejado de tomar bollería industrial en esta ingesta. Es estadísticamente significativo el descenso de adolescentes que acuden habitualmente a un local de comida rápida y de aquellos que han dejado de tomar de forma regular "chucherías" y golosinas. Los datos del Índice KIDMED muestran que (p < 0,001) el 47,4% de los alumnos han mejorado en cuanto ala calidad de la dieta y ninguno ha empeorado. Discusión: Antes de comenzar el programa un 30% de los alumnos seguía una dieta de buena calidad equiparable a la Dieta Mediterránea tradicional y tras la Educación este porcentaje pasó a ser del 58,6%. El 47,4% de los alumnos con sobrepeso u obesidad que recibieron Educación e Intervención Nutricional han mejorado la calidad de su dieta y el porcentaje de los que seguían una dieta de muy buena calidad pasó de 28,9% al 71,0%.Introduction: Adolescence is a critical period for the acquisition and configuration of healthy dietary habits and lifestyle for the young future, which will likely persist throughout the adulthood. Paediatric and juvenile obesity is a public health problem which control necessarily implies prevention and nutritional education. Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional status of the adolescents and determine the proportion with overweight or obesity, and to establish a Nutritional Intervention Programme and analyse the improvement in the pattern of dietary habits among the adolescents. Methods: The study has been carried out in a population of 372 Obligatory Secondary Education (OSE) students from the Institute of Secondary Education of Gandía (Valencia). Results: 37.8% of the adolescents have improved the level of their diet quality. Those consuming a high quality diet have increased from 30.0% to 58.6%. Also significant is the number of students that have taken up having breakfast and those having discontinued taking industrial bakery with this meal. The decrease in the number of adolescents going to fast food places and of those that have discontinued eating candies regularly isstatistically significant. The data from the KIDMED index show that 47.4% (p < 0.001) of de the students have improved the quality of their diet and in none of them it has worsened. Discussion: Before starting the programme, 30% of the students followed a high quality diet comparable to the traditional Mediterranean Diet, and after the education programme, this percentage increased to 58.6%. Forty-seven point four percent of overweighed or obese students receiving the Nutritional Education and Intervention have improved their diet quality and the percentage of those following a high quality diet varied from 28.9% to 71.0%

Homoeologous chromosomal location of the genes encoding thionins in wheat and rye

Thionins are high sulphur basic polypeptides present in the endosperm of Gramineae. In wheat there are three thionins encoded by genes located in the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D. Rye has one thionin encoded by a gene which has been assigned to chromosome 1R after analysis of the Imperial-Chinese Spring rye-wheat disomic addition lines. Commercial varieties and experimental stocks with a 1B/1R substitution carry the thionin from rye ( R) instead of the B thionin from wheat. The R thionin gene is not located in the large chromosomal segment representing most of the short arm of chromosome 1R

Recent Trends in SST, Chl-a, Productivity and Wind Stress in Upwelling and Open Ocean Areas in the Upper Eastern North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre

The global upper ocean has been warming during the last decades accompanied with a chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and productivity decrease. Whereas subtropical gyres show similar trends, Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are thought to increase in productivity due to increased trade winds. This study analyzes recent trends in sea surface temperature (SST), Chl-a, net primary production (NPP) and meridional wind stress in the Eastern North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASE) in order to examine if the global trends can be detected in open ocean and upwelling areas and how the ocean biota responds. Satellite data of such variables of the last 15–40 years were analyzed to calculate mean trends in upwelling areas in the Canary upwelling system and open ocean areas around the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Our results show significant warming in the area with a maximum of 2.7°C per century for the Azores. Moreover, a general decreasing trend for Chl-a and NPP seems to be more evident in the permanent upwelling areas, which will be responsible for a loss of 0.13% of the global NPP per century. Our results also highlight a significant expansion of the oceanic desert area of 10% with an increase in unproductive days of up to 84 days in the last 20 years. The competitive relationship of stratification and wind stress in the Canary upwelling system might be a more plausible explanation for the decrease in Chl-a and NPP in upwelling areas linked to the increase in upwelling favorable wind stress and the surface warming.En prens

Unmasking the expression of PD-L1 in Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells : a case study in lung cancer to discover new drugs with specific on-target efficacy

Altres ajuts: We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and The Josep Carreras Foundation for institutional support. The authors are also very grateful for their advice and technical support to Sergio Ramón, Víctor Querol, Clara Streiff, Paola Paglia, and Lluís Sainz from Thermo Fisher for all his comments and discussions on earlier work in this research field. Jordi Petriz also acknowledges the financial support from The Obra Social La Caixa and Thermo Fisher Scientific

Transformación genética de olivo con el gen OeHPL para el análisis funcional del papel de la enzima 13-hidroperóxido liasa (13-HPL) en la producción de compuestos volátiles.

La 13-hidroperóxido liasa es una enzima implicada en la biosíntesis de compues- tos volátiles y tiene un papel fundamental sobre la composición y propiedades del aceite de oliva virgen. La expresión del gen OeHPL muestra una regulación temporal durante la maduración y desarrollo del fruto; además, la expresión es alta en hojas y tejido de mesocarpo y baja en semillas. En este trabajo se aborda el análisis funcional de este gen mediante su sobreexpresión y silenciamiento en plantas transgénicas de olivo. La transformación se llevó a cabo vía Agrobac- terium. Se utilizó la cepa AGL-1 con tres construcciones distintas: pHPLs para sobreexpresión (orientación sentido), pHPLas (orientación antisentido) y pHPLi (ARN-interferente) para silenciamiento. Se recuperaron plantas procedentes de 27 líneas transgénicas independientes, 6 HPLs, 10 HPLas y 11 HPLi. El análisis de la expresión del gen OeHPL en hojas de estas líneas mostró los siguientes resultados, a) líneas sentido: en una de ellas aumentó la expresión 24 veces mien- tras que en otras tres, aumentó en el rango 4-7X; b) líneas antisentido: sólo en dos de ellas disminuyó su expresión un 20% y c) líneas RNAi: en tres de ellas, se redujo la expresión entre 25-35% mientras que en otras dos, disminuyó un 50%. Estas líneas RNAi muestran un crecimiento ralentizado y, en general, presen- tan menor vigor que las controles. Próximamente, se iniciarán los trabajos para cuantificar la actividad enzimática 13-HPL y el contenido de volátiles en hojas con diferentes perfiles de expresión del gen. Asimismo, dado el papel que los vo- látiles de hoja verde, formados vía HPL, juegan en la resistencia a estrés también se evaluará la tolerancia a verticilosis en las plantas de las líneas seleccionadas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucia Tech

Efficient WO3 photoanodes fabricated by pulsed laser deposition for photoelectrochemical water splitting with high faradaic efficiency

In this work, we present a systematic study on the synthesis of monoclinic gamma - WO3 obtained using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). A photocurrent of 2.4 mA/cm2 (60% of the optical maximum for a 2.7 eV gap material) was obtained for films as thick as 18 micro_m. FE-SEM images revealed that WO3 films were actually formed by an array of oriented columns. Efficient hole extraction towards the electrolyte was observed and attributed to a possible accommodation of the electrolyte between the WO3 columns, even for relatively compact films. This feature, combined with the detailed optical absorption and IPCE characterization, allowed us to implement a double-stack configuration of WO3 photoanodes which resulted in a remarkable photocurrent density of 3.1 mA·cm-2 with 1 sun AM1.5G illumination in 0.1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Faradaic efficiencies of more than 50% was obtained without co-catalyst, which is one the highest values reported for pure WO3. By adding a 3 nm layer of Al2O3 by ALD, a faradaic efficiency of 80% was reached without diminishing the photocurrent density