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First-principles calculations and experimental studies of: XYZ 2 thermoelectric compounds: Detailed analysis of van der Waals interactions
First-principles calculations can accelerate the search for novel high-performance thermoelectric materials. However, the prediction of the thermoelectric properties is strongly dependent on the approximations used for the calculations. Here, thermoelectric properties were calculated with different computational approximations (i.e., PBE-GGA, HSE06, spin-orbit coupling and DFT-D3) for three layered XYZ2 compounds (TmAgTe2, YAgTe2, and YCuTe2). In addition to the computations, the structural, electrical and thermal properties of these compounds were measured experimentally and compared to the computations. An enhanced prediction of the crystal structure and heat capacity was achieved with the inclusion of van der Waals interactions due to more accurate modeling of the interatomic forces. In particular, a large shift of the acoustic phonons and low-frequency optical phonons to lower frequencies was observed from the dispersion-optimized structure. From the phonon dispersion curves of these compounds, the ultralow thermal conductivity in the investigated XYZ2 compounds could be described by a recent developed minimum thermal conductivity model. For the prediction of the electrical conductivity, a temperature-dependent relaxation time was used, and it was limited by acoustic phonons. While HSE06 has only a small influence on the electrical properties due to a computed band gap energy of >0.25 eV, the inclusion of both van der Waals interactions and spin-orbit coupling leads to a more accurate band structure, resulting in better prediction of electrical properties. Furthermore, the experimental thermoelectric properties of YAgTe2, TmAg0.95Zn0.05Te2 and TmAg0.95Mg0.05Te2 were measured, showing an increase in zT of TmAg0.95Zn0.05Te2 by more than 35% (zT = 0.47 ± 0.12) compared to TmAgTe2
Movement Intention Is Better Predicted than Attention in the Posterior Parietal Cortex
We decoded on a trial-by-trial basis the location of visual targets, as a marker of the locus of attention, and intentions to reach and to saccade in different directions using the activity of neurons in the posterior parietal cortex of two monkeys. Predictions of target locations were significantly worse than predictions of movement plans for the same target locations. Moreover, neural signals in the parietal reach region (PRR) gave better predictions of reaches than saccades, whereas signals in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) gave better predictions of saccades than reaches. Taking together the activity of both areas, the prediction of either movement in all directions became nearly perfect. These results cannot be explained in terms of an attention effect and support the idea of two segregated populations in the posterior parietal cortex, PRR and LIP, that are involved in different movement plans
CP Violation in B Decays from Anomalous tbW Interactions
We calculate the effect of new CP violating interactions parameterized by an
anomalous coupling on CP-odd observables in B decays. We find that
couplings consistent with current bounds induce observable effects in some CP
asymmetries that will be measured in B-factories. The new effects are
sufficiently large that they can actually test specific models that give rise
to these interactions.Comment: We have added a new section showing that the new effects are
sufficiently large that they can be measured at a B-factor
Quadratic solitons in cubic crystals
Starting from the Maxwell's equations and without resort to the paraxial
approximation, we derive equations describing stationary (1+1)-dimensional
beams propagating at an arbitrary direction in an optical crystal with cubic
symmetry and purely quadratic nonlinearity. The equations are derived
separately for beams with the TE and TM polarizations. In both cases, they
contain and cubic nonlinear terms, the latter ones generated via the cascading
mechanism. The final TE equations and soliton solutions to them are quite
similar to those in previously known models with mixed quadratic-cubic
nonlinearities. On the contrary to this, the TM model is very different from
previously known ones. It consists of four first-order equations for transverse
and longitudinal components of the electric field at the fundamental and second
harmonics. Fundamental-soliton solutions of the TM model are also drastically
different from the usual "quadratic" solitons, in terms of the parity of their
components. In particular, the transverse and longitudinal components of the
electric field at the fundamental harmonic in the fundamental TM solitons are
described, respectively, by odd and single-humped even functions of the
transverse coordinate. Amplitudes of the longitudinal and transverse fields
become comparable for very narrow solitons, whose width is commensurate to the
carrier wavelength.Comment: Optics Communications, in pres
A method for determining CP violating phase
A new way of determining the phases of weak amplitudes in charged decays
based on SU(3) symmetry is proposed. The CP violating phase can now be
determined without the previous difficulty associated with electroweak
penguins.Comment: 9 pages plus one figure, Revte
Compound Markov counting processes and their applications to modeling infinitesimally over-dispersed systems
We propose an infinitesimal dispersion index for Markov counting processes.
We show that, under standard moment existence conditions, a process is
infinitesimally (over-) equi-dispersed if, and only if, it is simple
(compound), i.e. it increases in jumps of one (or more) unit(s), even though
infinitesimally equi-dispersed processes might be under-, equi- or
over-dispersed using previously studied indices. Compound processes arise, for
example, when introducing continuous-time white noise to the rates of simple
processes resulting in Levy-driven SDEs. We construct multivariate
infinitesimally over-dispersed compartment models and queuing networks,
suitable for applications where moment constraints inherent to simple processes
do not hold.Comment: 26 page
The particle
In this note we have considered a relativistic Nambu-Goto model for a
particle in metric. With appropriate gauge choice to fix the
reparameterization invariance, we recover the previously discussed \cite{pal}
"Exotic Oscillator". The Snyder algebra and subsequently the
-Minkowski spacetime are also derived. Lastly we comment on the
impossibility of constructing a noncommutative spacetime in the context of open
string where only a curved target space is introduced.Comment: The last para and references related to it are new, minor changes,
version to appear in Phys.Lett.
Which user interaction for cross-language information retrieval? Design issues and reflections
A novel and complex form of information access is cross-language information retrieval: searching for texts written in foreign languages based on native language queries. Although the underlying technology for achieving such a search is relatively well understood, the appropriate interface design is not. The authors present three user evaluations undertaken during the iterative design of Clarity, a cross-language retrieval system for low-density languages, and shows how the user-interaction design evolved depending on the results of usability tests. The first test was instrumental to identify weaknesses in both functionalities and interface; the second was run to determine if query translation should be shown or not; the final was a global assessment and focused on user satisfaction criteria. Lessons were learned at every stage of the process leading to a much more informed view of what a cross-language retrieval system should offer to users
Which User Interaction for Cross-Language Information Retrieval? Design Issues and Reflections
A novel and complex form of information access is cross-language information retrieval: searching for texts written in foreign languages based on native language queries. Although the underlying technology for achieving such a search is relatively well understood, the appropriate interface design is not. This paper presents three user evaluations undertaken during the iterative design of Clarity, a cross-language retrieval system for rare languages, and shows how the user interaction design evolved depending on the results of usability tests. The first test was instrumental to identify weaknesses in both functionalities and interface; the second was run to determine if query translation should be shown or not; the final was a global assessment and focussed on user satisfaction criteria. Lessons were learned at every stage of the process leading to a much more informed view of what a cross-language retrieval system should offer to users
Nuisance
This essay sets out the law and the economic theory of nuisance. Nuisance law serves a regulatory function: it induces actors to choose the socially preferred level of an activity by imposing liability when the externalized costs of the activity are substantially greater than the externalized benefits or not reciprocal to other background external costs. Proximate cause doctrine plays a role in supplementing nuisance law
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