10,331 research outputs found
90 degree polarization rotator using a bilayered chiral metamaterial with giant optical activity
A bilayered chiral metamaterial (CMM) is proposed to realize a 90 degree
polarization rotator, whose giant optical activity is due to the transverse
magnetic dipole coupling among the metallic wire pairs of enantiomeric
patterns. By transmission through this thin bilayered structure of less than
\lambda/30 thick, a linearly polarized wave is converted to its cross
polarization with a resonant polarization conversion efficiency (PCE) of over
90%. Meanwhile, the axial ratio of the transmitted wave is better than 40 dB.
It is demonstrated that the chirality in the propagation direction makes this
efficient cross-polarization conversion possible. The transversely isotropic
property of this polarization rotator is also experimentally verified. The
optical activity of the present structure is about 2700 degree/\lambda, which
is the largest optical activity that can be found in literature.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Breaking parameter degeneracy in interacting dark energy models from observations
We study the interacting dark energy model with time varying dark energy
equation of state. We examine the stability in the perturbation formalism and
the degeneracy among the coupling between dark sectors, the time-dependent dark
energy equation of state and dark matter abundance in the cosmic microwave
background radiation. Further we discuss the possible ways to break such
degeneracy by doing global fitting using the latest observational data and we
get a tight constraint on the interaction between dark sectors.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.
Two Particle States and the -matrix Elements in Multi-channel Scattering
Using a quantum mechanical model, the exact energy eigenstates for
two-particle two-channel scattering are studied in a cubic box with periodic
boundary conditions in all three directions. A relation between the exact
energy eigenvalue in the box and the two-channel -matrix elements in the
continuum is obtained. This result can be viewed as a generalization of the
well-known L\"uscher's formula which establishes a similar relation in elastic
scattering.Comment: 18 pages, no figures. minor changes compared with previous versio
Unmodified Gravity
By relaxing the conventional assumption of a purely gravitational interaction
between dark energy and dark matter, substantial alterations to the growth of
cosmological structure can occur. In this work we focus on the homogeneous
transfer of energy from a decaying form of dark energy. We present simple
analytic solutions to the modified growth rates of matter fluctuations in these
models, and demonstrate that neglecting physics within the dark sector may
induce a significant bias in the inferred growth rate, potentially offering a
false signature of modified gravity.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, new eq (7), changes reflect published versio
Hierarchy and Performance of Analyst Teams
We examine the effect of hierarchy on analyst teamsâ performance using a large sample of financial analysts from China. Hierarchy, defined as the disparity in power or status within a group, which we operationalise as the difference in experience between the senior and junior analyst in a team, is an important aspect of team structure that could affect team performance. We find that analyst teams with a hierarchy outperform flat teams (teams without a clear hierarchy). Specifically, hierarchical teams issue forecasts with higher accuracy, less optimism bias, less co-movement with the consensus, and stronger investor reactions. The results remain robust after we control for a number of firm and analyst characteristics and fixed effects. Further analysis shows that working in a hierarchical team helps junior analysts improve their individual forecasts for other firms, and senior analysts also benefit from working with junior analysts in hierarchical teams. Our results provide important insights into understanding the effect of team structure on the performance of analyst teams who issue majority of earnings forecasts
Laminarisation of flow at low Reynolds number due to streamwise body force
It is well established that when a turbulent flow is subjected to a non-uniform body force, the turbulence may be significantly suppressed in comparison with that of the flow of the same flow rate and hence the flow is said to be laminarised. This is the situation in buoyancy-aided mixed convection when severe heat transfer deterioration may occur. Here we report results of direct numerical simulations of flow with a linear or a step-change profile of body force. In contrast to the conventional view, we show that applying a body force to a turbulent flow while keeping the pressure force unchanged causes little changes to the key characteristics of the turbulence. In particular, the mixing characteristics of the turbulence represented by the turbulent viscosity remain largely unaffected. The so-called flow laminarisation due to a body force is in effect a reduction in the apparent Reynolds number of the flow, based on an apparent friction velocity associated with only the pressure force of the flow (i.e. excluding the contribution of the body force). The new understanding allows the level of the flow âlaminarisationâ and when the full laminarisation occurs to be readily predicted. In terms of the near-wall turbulence structure, the numbers of ejections and sweeps are little influenced by the imposition of the body force, whereas the strength of each event may be enhanced if the coverage of the body force extends significantly away from the wall. The streamwise turbulent stress is usually increased in accordance with the observation of more and stronger elongated streaks, but the wall-normal and the circumferential turbulent stresses are largely unchanged
Picking battles: The impact of trust assumptions on the elaboration of security requirements
This position paper describes work on trust assumptions in the con-text of security requirements. We show how trust assumptions can affect the scope of the analysis, derivation of security requirements, and in some cases how functionality is realized. An example shows how trust assumptions are used by a requirements engineer to help define and limit the scope of analysis and to document the decisions made during the process
A Model for Dark Energy decay
We discuss a model of non perturbative decay of dark energy into hot and cold
dark matter. This model provides a mechanism from the field theory to realize
the energy transfer from dark energy into dark matter, which is the requirement
to alleviate the coincidence problem. The advantage of the model is the fact
that we accommodate a mean life compatible with the age of the universe. We
also argue that supersymmetry is a natural set up, though not essential.Comment: 5 pages to be published in Physics Letters
Hyper Analysis Toolkit (HAT): A Case Study in Faculty Developed Software
The availability of inexpensive, high-powered personal computing environments i.s revolutionizing the business of higher education. The past âtextbook-centricâworld of academia is rapidly changing into a new âsoftware-centricââform. As such, many faculty are now interested in creating educational software but, because the process is unlike that of writing a textbook, have little experience with or understanding of the task
Heavy-quark contribution to the proton's magnetic moment
We study the contribution to the proton's magnetic moment from a heavy quark
sea in quantum chromodynamics. The heavy quark is integrated out perturbatively
to obtain an effective dimension-6 magnetic moment operator composed of three
gluon fields. The leading contribution to the matrix element in the proton
comes from a quadratically divergent term associated with a light-quark tensor
operator. With an approximate knowledge of the proton's tensor charge, we
conclude that a heavy sea-quark contribution to the proton's magnetic moment is
positive in the asymptotic limit. We comment on the implication of this result
for the physical strange quark.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
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