A comprehensive overview of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology

The concept of radioguided surgery, which was first developed some 60 years ago, involves the use of a radiation detection probe system for the intraoperative detection of radionuclides. The use of gamma detection probe technology in radioguided surgery has tremendously expanded and has evolved into what is now considered an established discipline within the practice of surgery, revolutionizing the surgical management of many malignancies, including breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer, as well as the surgical management of parathyroid disease. The impact of radioguided surgery on the surgical management of cancer patients includes providing vital and real-time information to the surgeon regarding the location and extent of disease, as well as regarding the assessment of surgical resection margins. Additionally, it has allowed the surgeon to minimize the surgical invasiveness of many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, while still maintaining maximum benefit to the cancer patient. In the current review, we have attempted to comprehensively evaluate the history, technical aspects, and clinical applications of radioguided surgery using gamma detection probe technology

Modification of food contacting surfaces by plasma polymerisation technique. Part I: Determination of hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity and surface free energy by contact angle method

In this study, the surface characteristics of three major materials which are widely used in food industry, glass, polyethylene (PE) and stainless steel (SS 316), were studied. The hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity and surface free energy (SFE) of those surfaces were determined by contact angle measurements prior and after plasma polymerisation treatment. The modification of the surfaces was carried out at low pressure and low temperature plasma conditions by using different monomers with functional properties. Phenol and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexaflouroisopropylacrylate (HFIPA) were used to produce hydrophobic materials with low surface energy, and hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), ethylenediamine (EDA), polyethyleneglycolethylethermethacrylate (PEGEEMA) and polyethyleneglycolmethacrylate (PEGMA) were used to produce hydrophilic materials with higher surface energy. The effects of monomer flow rate, exposure time and discharge power parameters were optimized by comparing surface characteristics before and after plasma polymerisation treatments. Contact angle measurements were performed by using the captive bubble technique, and the geometric mean equation was used to calculate the surface free energy values. Air and n-octane bubbles with different polarity were used to determine the changes oil the surface energy including the dispersive and polar components. Polyethylene was the most hydrophobic material among the materials used in this study related to its air contact angle and gamma(sw) values. gamma(sw) value was found 38.91 mJ/m(2) for polyethylene. Glass was determined as the most hydrophilic material (gamma(sw):1.11 mJ/m(2)) among the used surfaces, and its surface energy (gamma(sv)) was 58.95 mJ/m(2). The contact angle and SFE values were affected by monomer flow rate, exposure time and power parameters used for all modification processes. The equilibrium between etching and deposition processes call be controlled by these plasma parameters. Therefore, we tried to optimize plasma parameters according to the results from contact angle and surface energy data. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

treatment

Objective In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether nitric oxide (NO) levels and activities of xanthine oxidase (XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are associated with Panic disorder (PD) as well as impact of psychopharmacological treatments on NO, SOD, ADA, and XO levels in PD.Method In this study, 32 patients and 20 healthy controls were included. The serum levels of NO, XO, SOD, and ADA were measured in the patients and controls. The patients were treated with antidepressant.Results ADA and XO levels of the patients were significantly higher than the controls. SOD levels of the patients were significantly lower than the controls but the difference was not statistically significant. Although NO levels of the patients were higher than the controls, the difference was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between PAS and the parameters studied (SOD, ADA, XO, and NO) of the patients. After 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment, ADA and SOD activities were increased whereas NO and XO levels decreased significantly.Conclusion ADA, XO activity may have a pathophysiological role in PD, and prognosis of PD. Activity of these enzymes may be used to monitor effects of the antidepressant treatment. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

In vitro and in vivo bacterial antifouling properties of phosphite plasma-Treated silicone

In order to improve their bacterial antifouling property, silicone surfaces were functionalized through the plasma polymerization (PP) technique using diethyl phosphite as the precursor. The functionalized surfaces were characterized using contact angle measurements, contact angle titration, Fourier transform infrared-Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The amount of non-specific protein adsorption and the conformational changes of surface-Adsorbed proteins were investigated. Antifouling properties of the surfaces were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. PP functionalization generated a hydrophilic and amphoteric surface with a very good protein and bacterial antifouling property and caused less conformational changes on the secondary structure of surface-Adsorbed proteins. In in vivo conditions, no slime layer was formed around bacteria that adhered on the PP-functionalized surface. It is concluded that the amphoteric nature of the PP-functionalized surface is the reason for the good antifouling property. © 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved

Bioaccessibility and total content of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in rice varieties ( Oryza sativa

Background and objectives: Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn contents as well as bioaccessi- ble fractions of eight rice varieties were analyzed in order to evaluate them nutri- tionally. Findings: Total trace element concentrations ranged between 5.90 and 15.3 mg/ kg for Fe, 8.82–12.9 mg/kg for Zn, 1.45–5.59 mg/kg for Cu, and 2.45–13.6 mg/ kg for Mn. Brown rice presented the highest trace element contents and at the same time the lowest bioaccessibility. A negative significant statistical correlation was found between dietary fiber and Mn bioaccessibility (r = −0.872; p < 0.01). Significant statistical negative correlations were found between vegetable proteins of rice and trace elements bioaccessibility. Conclusions: A probabilistic assessment (@Risk) used to determine the contribu- tion of DRI for Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu through the intake of 150–200 g of boiled rice showed that this food can be a proper source of Cu and to a lesser extent Mn but not in the case of Fe and Zn. Significance and novelty: The present study develops a probabilistic model to evaluate the contributions to the DRIs of these micronutrients, from data of rice varieties consumption and their bioaccessibility—total content