74 research outputs found
Optical conductivity in the normal state fullerene superconductors
We calculate the optical conductivity, , in the normal state
fullerene superconductors by self-consistently including the impurity
scatterings, the electron-phonon and electron-electron Coulomb interactions.
The finite bandwidth of the fullerenes is explicitely considered, and the
vertex corection is included Nambu in calculating the renormalized
Green's function. is obtained by calculating the
current-current correlation function with the renormalized Green's function in
the Matsubara frequency and then performing analytic continuation to the real
frequency at finite temperature. The Drude weight in is
strongly suppressed due to the interactions and transfered to the mid-infrared
region around and above 0.06 eV which is somewhat less pronounced and much
broader compared with the expermental observation by DeGiorgi .Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Physical Review B, July 1
Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.
BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.</p
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol�which is a marker of cardiovascular risk�changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95 credible interval 3.7 million�4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited
Metastability studies of syndiotactic polystyrene polymorphism
Polymorphic behavior (i.e., the development of alpha and beta forms) of melt-crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene, sPS, has been studied by structure analysis of FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), WAXD (wide-angle X-ray diffraction), and ED (electron diffraction) as well as thermal analysis of DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Significant factors that influence the formation of polymorphism were examined and described. Isolated alpha crystals and beta crystals of sPS crystallized at different crystallization temperatures from the melt have been obtained. The equilibrium melting temperatures, T-m(o), of both forms were determined by using linear Hoffman-Weeks (H-W) extrapolation and nonlinear H-W treatment. The T-m(o) (i.e., structural metastability) of beta form in sPS was found to be higher than that of alpha form. The occurrence of phase stability inversion with lamellar size (i.e., morphological metastability) in sPS was recognized. Transformations from alpha to beta phase in the stage of crystal growth or in the heating scanning process have been evidenced. The interlinkage of structural metastability and morphological metastability in sPS polymorphism was examined. The behavior of phase transformation has been successfully interpreted in terms of the stability inversion phase diagram. The formation of the alpha form is indeed a kinetic result of crystallization
Effects of pH on the microhardness of resin-based restorative materials
Operative Dentistry305661-66
Comparative histopathological characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in chickens and domestic ducks in 2008 Korea
We compared characteristic lesions occurring
in chickens and domestic ducks naturally infected with
H5N1 HPAI virus in April and May 2008. Infected
chickens generally exhibited pale-green, watery
diarrhoea, depression, neurological signs and cyanosis of
wattles and combs, and infected ducks generally
exhibited neurological signs and watery diarrhoea. Gross
petechial or ecchymotic haemorrhage affected the heart,
proventriculus, liver, muscle, fat, and pancreas in
chickens, and muscle in ducks. Necrotic foci were
primarily present in the pancreas of both species and in
the heart of domestic ducks. Histopathologically,
chickens exhibited multifocal encephalomalacia,
multifocal lymphohistiocytic myocarditis, multifocal
necrotic pancreatitis and haemorrhage of several organs
and tissues; ducks exhibited lymphohistiocytic
meningoencephalitis with multifocal haemorrhages,
multifocal necrotic pancreatitis, and severe necrotic
myocarditis with mineralisation. The characteristic
histopathologic findings of 2008 HPAI were multifocal
encephalomalacia and necrotic pancreatitis accompanied
by lymphohistiocytic myocarditis, and haemorrhage in
various organs and tissues in chickens, whereas in ducks,
they were severe necrotic myocarditis with
mineralisation and necrotic pancreatitis, accompanied
with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalitis. The high
mortality of domestic ducks may be intimately
associated with heart failure resulting from increased
H5N1 HPAI viral cardiotropism
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