Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Prevalence and factors associated with stunting and thinness among adolescent students in Northern Ethiopia: a comparison to World Health Organization standards

BACKGROUND Adolescence is last chance for curbing the consequences of malnutrition and breaking the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition and poor health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the factors associated with stunting and thinness among in-school adolescents in northern Ethiopia using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) standards. METHODS In-school adolescents (n  = 348, 10–19 years old) were randomly selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to determine the proportion of adolescents who were stunted (height-for-age < −2 Standard Deviation (SD)) and thin (body-mass-index-for-age < −2 SD). T-test was employed to evaluate mean weight and height differences between groups. Pearson chi-square, chi-square trend and Fisher’s exact tests were used to explore the crude association of categorical outcome variables and associated factors. Crude and adjusted associations between the outcome variables (stunting and thinness) and independent variables (socio-demographic, eating behavior and sanitation) were also determined using logistic regression. Stata version 11.1 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The height of the adolescents was 147.6 ± 11.2 cm (mean ± SD) and weight was37.2 ± 9.5 kg. The mean Z-scores of height-for-age and body-mass-index (BMI)-for-age of adolescents were −1.49 and −1.29, respectively. The prevalence of stunting and thinness among adolescents was 28.5 % (boys = 37.7 %; girls = 21.2 %; P = 0.001) and 26.1 % (boys = 32.4; girls = 21.6 %; p  = 0.017), respectively. Adolescents in 13–15 year old age group (Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) = 2.23; 95 % CI: 1.22, 4.08), boys (AOR = 2.53; 95 % CI: 1.52, 4.21) and rural residents (AOR = 2.15; 95 % CI: 1.20, 3.86) had significantly higher odds of being stunted compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, boys had higher (AOR = 1.97; 95 % CI: 1.19, 3.25) odds of being thin compared to girls. Compared to those 10 to 12 years of age, adolescents in 16 to 19 years of age were 53 % (AOR = 0.47; 95 % CI: 0.23, 0.95) less likely to be thin. CONCLUSIONS Undernutrition is widely prevalent among adolescents in northern Ethiopia. Sex, age and area of residence significantly associated with adolescent undernutrition. The study underlines the need for nutrition interventions targeting rural and boy adolescents.Yohannes Adama Melaku, Gordon Alexander Zello, Tiffany K. Gill, Robert J. Adams and Zumin Sh

Acetaminophen Analysis in Different Commercial Formulation of Iranian Acetaminophen Tablets: Iranian Acetaminophen tablet analysis

Acetaminophen is one of the most important antipyretic and analgesic drugs. It has an excellent efficacy when it is used in therapeutic doses, but in unsafe doses it can be resulted in hepatotoxicity and permanent liver failure. Due to disparities that have been reported between the actual and stated concentration of acetaminophen tablets, we aimed to compare the actual quantity of 8 Iranian generic acetaminophen tablets with the stated amount on the label, using HPLC method. Drug concentration has been measured by HPLC. We performed USP procedure for all models such as tablets, capsule, and oral solution assay preparations USP-36 NF31 by standard preparations. Method validation was achieved. For USP guidelines performance we need to concern on standard references. By chromatography equipment, we used HPLC analyzer 1200 degasser, 1200 bin pump, 1200 ALS, and 1200 VWD. Acetaminophen sample solution included 325 mg weighted quantity of the powder that transferred to a 200 ml volumetric flask in addition to 100 ml of mobile phase. A part of this solution was transferred throughout a 0.5 micrometer permeable filter (or finer). By injecting 10 μL of standard solution into the chromatograph, major peaks are measured as a response. As a final point, calculation of the quantity of acetaminophen in each brand was obtained via specific formula. According to the USP, all brands consisted of 90.0– 110.0 % of the labeled amount of active ingredient (p&lt;0.05). Consequently, The USP standards are met for drugs with different lot numbers by a variety of companies. The differences of clinical attributes of Paracetamol overdose between Iran and other countries may be related to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics issues, metabolism, genetic factors or environmental effects. Further studies are recommended

Teicoplanin as an anti-methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus agent in infections of severely poisoned intensive care unit patients/Tehran- Iran

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia is related to high morbidity and mortality. Teicoplanin is a semi synthetic glycopeptide antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to vancomycin. Our objective is the evaluation of efficacy and safety of Teicoplanin in MRSA infections among severely poisoned intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Methods: During a 6 months period, in a prospective cross sectional study, 54 eligible patients were recruited from among 80 who were clinically suspicious for MRSA infections. The efficacy and safety ofTeicoplanin by loding dose of 6 mg/kg (maximum 400 mg per dose) for three loading doses 12 hours apart and then every 24 hours was evaluated 5 times.The clinical findings, laboratory data, and bacteriologic responses were categorized as cure, improvement and failure. Results: The mean(SD) age was 36.3(13.3) years. 75.9 were male. Suicidal attempts were recorded in 63. The most common poisoning was TCAs, BZDs, tramadol and opium. 94.4 were unconscious and under mechanical ventilation. Tracheal cultures were positive in 98.1 by VAP diagnosis. ICU length of stay was between 4-54 days. Total clinical effectiveness was 90.4, and failure 9.6. Mortality rate was 9/54 (16.6 ). On the fourth visit, the adverse effects included: rash (11.10), anemia (36.17), nephrotoxicity (17.02) and thrombocytopenia < 150000 (100). Other side effects such as: leucopenia, severe thrombocytopenia (< 50000), pancytopenia and red man syndrome were not detected.Conclusions: Teicoplanin can be suggested for use in forMRSA infections among severely poisoned patient, based on its efficacy, safety, half life and tolerance. © Mattioli 1885

Hypo and hyperglycemia among tramadol overdose patients in Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran

Tramadol is a synthetic and centrally active analgesic. Hypoglycemia as another possible major side effect among abusers has not been known well. Our objective is evaluation of the Blood Glucose Level (BGL) among tramadol-overdosed patients. This prospective cross-sectional study was performed from Feb to June 2013; BGL was measured at the time of admission, 8 and 12 hours later. All patients with hypoglycemia received infusion of 0.5-1gr/kg of hypertonic dextrose and their BGL was checked every hour until normal BGL. Patients' demographic, clinical and paraclinical data were collected. Totally, 128 patients with a mean (SD) age of 24.5 (6.9) years were recruited; 127 (99.2) were male. Seizure occurred in 59.4 cases. Mean ±SD admission BGL was 94.88±21.5mg/dL. Fourteen patients experienced hypoglycemia within 12 hours period. Hyperglycemia was experienced in 8 patients (6.25) on admission day. There was no significant relation between the dose of tramadol and BGL. In conclusion, hypoglycemia must be considered asan important side effect of tramadol-overdose. It is suggested that serial BGL monitoring in cases of Tramadol-overdose should be done for early recognition of hypoglycemia and its timely management. Also hyperglycemia may be revealed