658 research outputs found
Structure of even-even nuclei using a mapped collective Hamiltonian and the D1S Gogny interaction
A systematic study of low energy nuclear structure at normal deformation is
carried out using the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory extended by the Generator
Coordinate Method and mapped onto a 5-dimensional collective quadrupole
Hamiltonian. Results obtained with the Gogny D1S interaction are presented from
dripline to dripline for even-even nuclei with proton numbers Z=10 to Z=110 and
neutron numbers N less than 200. The properties calculated for the ground
states are their charge radii, 2-particle separation energies, correlation
energies, and the intrinsic quadrupole shape parameters. For the excited
spectroscopy, the observables calculated are the excitation energies and
quadrupole as well as monopole transition matrix elements. We examine in this
work the yrast levels up to J=6, the lowest excited 0^+ states, and the two
next yrare 2^+ states. The theory is applicable to more than 90% of the nuclei
which have tabulated measurements. The data set of the calculated properties of
1712 even-even nuclei, including spectroscopic properties for 1693 of them, are
provided in CEA website and EPAPS repository with this article \cite{epaps}.Comment: 51 pages with 26 Figures and 4 internal tables; this version is
accepted by Physical Review
Laser and microwave spectroscopy of even-parity Rydberg states of neutral ytterbium and Multichannel Quantum Defect Theory analysis
New measurements of high-lying even parity and
levels of neutral Yb are presented in this paper.
Spectroscopy is performed by a two-step laser excitation from the ground state
, and the Rydberg levels are detected by using the
field ionization method. Additional two-photon microwave spectroscopy is used
to improve the relative energy accuracy where possible. The spectroscopic
measurements are complemented by a multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT)
analysis for the J=0 and the two-coupled J=2 even parity series. We compare our
results with the previous analysis of Aymar {\it{et al}} \cite{Aymar_1980} and
analyze the observed differences. From the new MQDT models, a revised value for
the first ionization limit cm is proposed.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Topics in nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics
These notes are an expanded and revised version of the lectures given by the second and fourth autor in the summer school "Open Quantum System" held in Grenoble, June 16-July 4, 2003. They provide an introduction to recent developments in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of open quantum systems, including a completely worked out (simple) example. We discuss non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) and their structural properties, entropy production, linear response theory and weak coupling limit. The emphasis is on Ruelle's scattering approach to the construction of NESS
On the mixing property for a class of states of relativistic quantum fields
Let be a factor state on the quasi-local algebra of
observables generated by a relativistic quantum field, which in addition
satisfies certain regularity conditions (satisfied by ground states and the
recently constructed thermal states of the theory). We prove that
there exist space and time translation invariant states, some of which are
arbitrarily close to in the weak* topology, for which the time
evolution is weakly asymptotically abelian
Observation of a resonant four-body interaction in cold cesium Rydberg atoms
Cold Rydberg atoms subject to long-range dipole-dipole interactions represent
a particularly interesting system for exploring few-body interactions and
probing the transition from 2-body physics to the many-body regime. In this
work we report the direct observation of a resonant 4-body Rydberg interaction.
We exploit the occurrence of an accidental quasi-coincidence of a 2-body and a
4-body resonant Stark-tuned Forster process in cesium to observe a resonant
energy transfer requiring the simultaneous interaction of at least four
neighboring atoms. These results are relevant for the implementation of quantum
gates with Rydberg atoms and for further studies of many-body physics.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
On Molecular Hydrogen Formation and the Magnetohydrostatic Equilibrium of Sunspots
We have investigated the problem of sunspot magnetohydrostatic equilibrium
with comprehensive IR sunspot magnetic field survey observations of the highly
sensitive Fe I lines at 15650 \AA\ and nearby OH lines. We have found that some
sunspots show isothermal increases in umbral magnetic field strength which
cannot be explained by the simplified sunspot model with a single-component
ideal gas atmosphere assumed in previous investigations. Large sunspots
universally display non-linear increases in magnetic pressure over temperature,
while small sunspots and pores display linear behavior. The formation of
molecules provides a mechanism for isothermal concentration of the umbral
magnetic field, and we propose that this may explain the observed rapid
increase in umbral magnetic field strength relative to temperature. Existing
multi-component sunspot atmospheric models predict that a significant amount of
molecular hydrogen (H2) exists in the sunspot umbra. The formation of H2 can
significantly alter the thermodynamic properties of the sunspot atmosphere and
may play a significant role in sunspot evolution. In addition to the survey
observations, we have performed detailed chemical equilibrium calculations with
full consideration of radiative transfer effects to establish OH as a proxy for
H2, and demonstrate that a significant population of H2 exists in the coolest
regions of large sunspots.Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
A near-IR line of Mn I as a diagnostic tool of the average magnetic energy in the solar photosphere
We report on spectropolarimetric observations of a near-IR line of Mn I
located at 15262.702 A whose intensity and polarization profiles are very
sensitive to the presence of hyperfine structure. A theoretical investigation
of the magnetic sensitivity of this line to the magnetic field uncovers several
interesting properties. The most important one is that the presence of strong
Paschen-Back perturbations due to the hyperfine structure produces an intensity
line profile whose shape changes according to the absolute value of the
magnetic field strength. A line ratio technique is developed from the intrinsic
variations of the line profile. This line ratio technique is applied to
spectropolarimetric observations of the quiet solar photosphere in order to
explore the probability distribution function of the magnetic field strength.
Particular attention is given to the quietest area of the observed field of
view, which was encircled by an enhanced network region. A detailed theoretical
investigation shows that the inferred distribution yields information on the
average magnetic field strength and the spatial scale at which the magnetic
field is organized. A first estimation gives ~250 G for the mean field strength
and a tentative value of ~0.45" for the spatial scale at which the observed
magnetic field is horizontally organized.Comment: 42 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journal. Figures 1 and 9 are in JPG forma
THE TRUNK ORIENTATION DURING SPRINT START ESTIMATED USING A SINGLE INERTIAL SENSOR
Sprint start and block acceleration are two very important phases which could determine the result of a sprint. Tellez & Doolittle (1984) showed that these two phases account for 64% of the total result for a 100m sprint. Sprinters have to move from a crouch to a standing position, trying to reach their maximal velocity as fast as possible. Many authors have delved into the biomechanical factors concerning both phases (Fortier et al., 2005; Harland & Steele, 1997; Schot & Knutzen, 1992). Trunk orientation is considered by coaches one of the key elements in moving from the crouch to the upright position, however only a few studies focused specifically on this parameter (Čoh et al., 1998; Čoh et al., 2006; Natta et al., 2006). Moreover, the experimental setups used in the latter studies are quite cumbersome and limited in terms of acquisition volume (motion capture systems, high-speed cameras or optical contact time meters), therefore, they are hardly usable during everyday training sessions. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMU), that embed 3D linear acceleration and angular rate sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes), can be effectively used to perform in-field biomechanical analysis of sprint running, providing information useful for performance optimisation and injury prevention. In particular, IMUs provide an estimate of body segment rotations relative to an inertia system of reference with one axis oriented as the gravitational field. The aim of this pilot study is to validate the use of a single IMU to estimate the trunk orientation angle in the progression plane during a sprint start from the blocks
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