Dictionaries in Spanish and English from 1554 to 1740: Their Structure and Development

164 p.Modern lexicography originated during the Renaissance, with the revival of learning that spread throughout Europe. The revival of learning stimulated the compilation of grammars and dictionaries which, thanks to printing, were more easily available and circulated among travelers and merchants, reaching larger audiences. Interest in the study of vernacular languages also increased and promoted the compilation of word lists in modern languages. Spanish and English bilingual lexicography, in particular, is an important chapter in the history of the teaching of Spanish in Tudor England. This historical and comparative study is based on twelve dictionaries and twenty-two editions published in London between 1554 and 1740. The general question that this study tries to answer is this: what can the structure of the early alphabetical and topical Spanish and English dictionaries and their outside matter texts tell us about the principles of compilation lexicographers followed and about the purpose of their works? The investigation led, first, to a structural typology of books showing how the overall organization of topical dictionaries changed only slightly, while the relative position of grammars and alphabetical dictionaries was reversed. Together with grammars, lexicographical products serve a pedagogical function, but not every author follows the same pedagogical approach. These approaches find expression in the way a particular author organizes the component parts of his work. Second, subjects discussed are metalexicographical, metalinguistic or extralinguistic. Of these three types, the first one is the most common in both alphabetical and topical lexicographical products. Finally, an updated panorama of early Spanish and English bilingual lexicography is presented, one that, for the first time, includes both alphabetical and topical compilations and their interrelationships.Monográfico de Hermēneus: Revista de la Facultad de Traducción e Interpretación de Sori

Dictionaries and vocabularies in spanish and english from 1554 to 1740 : their structure and development

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Effect of Defoliation Frequency and Planting Density on Yield and Nutritive Value of \u3ci\u3eCoursetia ferruginea\u3c/i\u3e (HBK) Lavin

The aim of the present study was to asses the influence of the frequency of defoliation and density of sowing on yield and nutritive value of Coursetia ferruginea. Three defoliation frequencies (6, 8 and 10 weeks) and three densities of planting (1 x 1 m, 1 x 1.5 m and 1 x 2 m) were evaluated. A randomized block design, in a split plot arrangement and four repetitions, was used. Frequency of defoliation has a strong significant (P\u3c 0.01) effect on dry matter (DM) yield (13.6, 18.1 and 27.8 g DM/plant for 6, 8 and 10-week defoliation frequencies), plant height (63.5, 76.6 and 101.2 cm) and plant survival (71, 74 and 86%). Nutritive value was significantly (P\u3c 0.05) affected by the frequency of defoliation. Mineral content was reduced as the defoliation interval increased. Density of planting did not affect (P\u3e 0.05) any of the variables. It is concluded that, C. ferruginea is a forage shrub with potential to improve animal feed quality, but it does not stand frequent defoliation

Venezuelan inflation. Nominal and real quarterly variations of Venezuela in the 2005-2017 period

This research studied credit and Venezuelan infla-tion during the period 2005-2017. The objective was to identify nominal and real quarterly variations in Venezuela during the period 2005-2017. Methodolo-gically it was based on quantitative research, being this a correlational study, in which the data was taken from the statistical information reports pro-vided by the Central Bank of Venezuela in 2017 and SUDEBAN in 2017. The results allowed us to observe the behavior of nominal and real quarterly variations in Venezuela, allowing us to consider the great relevance that inflationary processes have in the dynamics of nations both locally and internatio-nally. Highlighting how in the financial indexes of the Venezuelan nation in the official data there is a contradiction with the current reality.Esta investigación estudio el crédito y la inflación venezolana durante el periodo 2005-2017. Para ello se planteó como objetivo el identificar las variaciones trimestrales nominales y reales de Venezuela en el periodo 2005-2017. Metodológicamente se funda-mentó desde la investigación cuantitativa, siendo este un estudio correlacional, en el cual los datos fueron tomados de los reportes de información estadística suministrados por el Banco Central de Venezuela en el 2017 y SUDEBAN en el 2017. Los resultados permitieron observar los comportamientos de las variaciones trimestrales nominales y reales de Venezuela, permitiendo considerar la gran relevancia que tienen los procesos inflacionarios en las dinámicas de las naciones tanto a nivel local como a nivel internacional. Destacando como en los índices financieros de la nación venezolana en los datos oficiales se observa una contradicción con la realidad actual

Small Renal Masses: Incidental Diagnosis, Clinical Symptoms, and Prognostic Factors

Introduction. The small renal masses (SRMs) have increased over the past two decades due to more liberal use of imaging techniques. SRMs have allowed discussions regarding their prognostic, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach. Materials and methods. Clinical presentation, incidental diagnosis, and prognosis factors of SRMs are discussed in this review. Results. SRMs are defined as lesions less than 4 cm in diameter. SRM could be benign, and most malignant SMRs are low stage and low grade. Clinical symptoms like hematuria are very rare, being diagnosed by chance (incidental) in most cases. Size, stage, and grade are still the most consistent prognosis factors in (RCC). An enhanced contrast SRM that grows during active surveillance is clearly malignant, and its aggressive potential increases in those greater than 3 cm. Clear cell carcinoma is the most frequent cellular type of malign SRM. Conclusions. Only some SRMs are benign. The great majority of malign SRMs have good prognosis (low stage and grade, no metastasis) with open or laparoscopic surgical treatment (nephron sparing techniques). Active surveillance is an accepted attitude in selected cases

A review on golimumab in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) causes inflammation in and around the joints and usually affects people who already have psoriasis. However, some patients develop the joint problems before the psoriasis. Currently, there are five anti-TNF-α agents licensed for use in patients with PsA: adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab and infliximab. Golimumab, a human monoclonal antibody, has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of PsA and is targeted against the pro-inflammatory molecule TNF-α. The Phase III GO-REVEAL study confirmed this drug was well tolerated and showed significant improvement in disease activity compared with placebo

Análisis comparado en materia de obligaciones entre el derecho romano y el derecho moderno

This paper presents a study of ancient and modern concepts of “obligation,” with special reference to Roman law, as well as sources and classifications of the same. Likewise, the influence of Roman law on the Venezuelan Civil Code is analyzed in matters regarding obligations. In this sense, the Roman definition has predominated in modern law; even today it can be affirmed that it has remained unharmed within its fundamental concepts. The method used is descriptive and documentary. Conclusions are that definitions of obligations in modern law are limited to reproducing the Roman-inspired principles and that our Civil Code received a strong influence from the Franco-Italian Project of Obligations, in which the concepts and effects of certain figures that produced obligations were developed.Se realiza un estudio dogmático de los conceptos antiguo y moderno de la "obligación", con especial referencia al Derecho romano, así como a las fuentes y clasificación de las mismas. Del mismo modo, se analiza la influencia del derecho romano en el Código civil venezolano, en materia de obligaciones. En este sentido, la definición romana ha predominado en el Derecho Moderno, incluso en la actualidad se puede afirmar que ha permanecido incólume dentro sus concepciones fundamentales. El método utilizado es el descriptivo y documental. Se concluye que las definiciones de las obligaciones en el Derecho Moderno se limitan a reproducir los principios inspiradores romanos y que nuestro Código civil recibió una fuerte influencia del Proyecto Franco-Italiano de las Obligaciones, en el cual se desarrolló el concepto y los efectos de determinadas figuras productoras de obligacione

Energy and Flux Measurements of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Observed During the First ANITA Flight

The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. For 14 of these events, this radiation was reflected from the ice. The dominant contribution to the radiation from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. This radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of 36km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 EeV. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations. In addition, we find that the Monte Carlo simulation of the ANITA data set is in agreement with the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events.Comment: Added more explanation of the experimental setup and textual improvement