Kebijakan Pembangunan Perkantoran Bhakti Praja Kabupaten Pelalawan

The study, entitled the development policy of Bhakti Praja office in the district of Pelalawan. Policy is a set of decisions that will be right for guidance in the implementation of activities or programs that have been specified. At Bhakti Praja Office construction, certainly use a anvil of policy as a guideline to development implementation, because of a policy that can be seen for what it really such development should be implemented as well as a reference to stages the process. However, in the policy implementation, it often occurs the problems that make hamper the policy. Discussion on development policy Bhakti Praja Office is interesting to study because it will be able to know from the beginning development and become a background in this research. So the authors formulate the problem with the question are how the Government policy district of Pelalawan at the development Bhakti Praja office and what is the factors that become an obstacle development implementation policy at Bhakti Praja office and what the causes of problems at the construction Bahkti Praja Office in the district of Pelalawan.The research method is qualitative with descriptive research, the data collection is done by observation, interviews and documentation. From the results of this research shows that for a policy there must be: 1) Policy Formulation Process, 2) Options and Policy Designation, 3) Policy Implementation, 4) Evaluation of Policy Implementation, and the factors inhibiting the development of Bhakti Praja Offices are: 1) Development Budget, 2) Planning is not optimal to Realized, 3) development Allocation who had uneven, 4) Monitoring is not optimal, 5) abuse of authority. In this study the authors conclude that the Local Government Pelalawan actually has made every effort to carry out development policy of Bhakti Praja Office, but should the Local Government Pelalawan should be able to run the Development Policy of Bhakti Praja office with optimal implementation.Keywords: Policy, Development, Bhakti Praja Office, Local Governmentof Pelalawan

E-cigarette use, its impact on tobacco smoking and the intention to quit

E-cigarettes have rapidly gained worldwide popularity. Since its use still poses a health risk to the users, it is important to assess their intention to quit this habit. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of e-cigarette use, its effect on cigarette smoking and users’ intention to quit vaping and smoking. A total of 377 e-cigarette users were recruited from three vape retail stores in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor. E-cigarette usage pattern, tobacco cigarette consumption and their intention to quit were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Most (70%) participants were e-cigarettes only users while 30% were dual users. The median duration of e-cigarette use was 2 (IQR 2) years. Almost all (98.4%) participants used third-generation devices and majority (63.7%) preferred liquid containing 6mg nicotine. About 92% participants, especially heavy smokers, smoked fewer tobacco cigarettes after initiating e-cigarette. Majority (79.6%) of dual users also had reduction in tobacco cigarette consumption with a median current consumption of 5 (IQR 5.0) cigarettes per day. Most (87%) e-cigarette users intend to quit the habit someday. However, many (63.1%) were in the pre-contemplation stage. E-cigarette users of less than 2 years duration tend to have the intention to quit compared to users of more than 2 years (p=0.005). In conclusion, there was more e-cigarette only users than the dual users. E-cigarette use could significantly reduce tobacco smoking, especially among heavy smokers. Most e-cigarette users had the intention to quit vaping but not in the near future and longer e-cigarette use may deter their intention to quit

Contact dermatitis presenting as non-healing wound: case report

Topical antiseptics are commonly used in the management of minor wounds, burns, and infected skin. These agents are widely used by health professionals and are often self-prescribed by patients as they are easily available over-the-counter. This case illustrates a 73 year old man who presented with a non-healing wound on his right forearm for 4 weeks. The wound started from an insect bite and progressively enlarged with increasing pruritus and burning sensation. Clinically an ill-defined ulcer with surrounding erythema and erosion was noted. There was a yellow crust overlying the center of the ulcer and the periphery was scaly. Further inquiry revealed history of self treatment with a yellow solution to clean his wound for 3 weeks. Patient was provisionally diagnosed to have allergic contact dermatitis secondary to acriflavine. Topical acriflavine was stopped and the ulcer resolved after treatment with non-occlusive saline dressing. Skin patch test which is the gold standard for detection and confirmation of contact dermatitis showed a positive reaction (2+) to acriflavine. Acriflavine is widely used as a topical antiseptic agent in this part of the world. Hence, primary care physicians managing a large variety of poorly healing wounds should consider the possibility of contact allergy in recalcitrant cases, not responding to conventional treatment. Patient education is an important aspect of management as this would help curb the incidence of future contact allergies

Challenges in managing dementia in a primary health care setting: A case report

Dementia is a condition that is frequently associated with ageing. However, many fail to recognise that dementia is a treatable condition if detected early. This case report illustrates a 64-year-old man who was initially presented in a primary health care (PHC) centre in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, with gradual changes in his behaviour. Initial assessment concluded that he suffered from depression and he was treated accordingly. However, over time his condition deteriorated and the diagnosis was re-evaluated from depression to dementia when he developed poor cognitive and memory function. The patient defaulted on his follow-up appointments due to poor understanding of the illness and poor family support.Keywords: dementia; elderly; primary health car

Mass Culturing of Stem and Bulb Nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) for use in screenİng and İmpression Training on Carrot Discs

Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is a very important plant parasitic nematode, has a very wide host range and causes economic yield losses in many cultural plants in worldwide. Its races are very diverse and found in most temperate areas of the world. D. dipsaci is a migratory endoparasite, has the ability to enter into a dormancy stage. Genetic resistance offers one of the best control methods within the integrated pest management strategies for D. dipsaci. However mass rearing of stem and bulb nematode requires for the resistant studies including screening for this nematode species. The aim of study is focused on alternative rearing methods using carrot discs as a food source, culturing medium and provide a clearly outlined and visually informative guide. Carrot discs enable the rearing of high numbers of individuals of D. dipsaci for timely use in experiments and for screening purposes in under sterile conditions to provide a clean, same and pure source of inoculum. The carrot disc method has been shown to be suitable for stem and bulb nematode multiplication

Dietary differences between elderly Iranians living in Sweden and Iran a cross-sectional comparative study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>During the last decades, global migration has increased and many immigrant groups have a higher prevalence than the native born population of several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including poor dietary habits. However, it is uncertain if dietary habits in immigrant populations reflect dietary habits in their country of origin or if the current diet is a consequence of the migration and possible change of dietary habits. The aim of this study was to examine possible dietary differences between elderly Iranians living in Stockholm, Sweden with elderly Iranians living in Tehran, Iran, taking into account sex, age, marital status, and education.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Dietary intakes were assessed by semi - quantitative food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional study of 121 Iranians living in Stockholm and 52 Iranians living in Tehran, aged 60-80. Differences in dietary habits between the two groups was analysed by bootstrapped regression analyses with 1000 replications.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Iranians living in Sweden had significantly higher intake of protein, total fat, fiber than Iranians living in Iran, but lower consumption of carbohydrates. The observed differences in intake of macronutrients were reflected in consumed amount of all food items, which were higher among Iranians living in Iran with the exception of bread and grain consumption which was lower.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There are general differences in dietary habits between Iranians living in Iran and Iranians living in Sweden. Parts of observed differences in dietary habits may reflect a favourable adoption process to the Swedish dietary habits after migration. Meanwhile other differences are point of concern in light of the high prevalence of overweight, among Iranians living in Sweden and can have unfavourable impact in particular in the context of cardiovascular health.</p

Gastroprotective activity of chloroform extract of Muntingia calabura and Melastoma malabathricum leaves

Context: Muntingia calabura L. (family Muntingiaceae) and Melastoma malabathricum L. (family Melastomaceae) are traditionally used to treat gastric ulcer. Objective: The present study determines the mechanisms of gastroprotective activity of the chloroform extract of leaves obtained from both the plants using several in vitro and in vivo assays. Materials and methods: Phytochemical screening, HPLC analysis, and antioxidant activity of the respective extract were carried out. Gastroprotective activity was determined using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer assay while the mechanisms of gastroprotection were determined using the pyloric ligation assay. The test solutions [8% Tween-80 (vehicle), 20 mg/kg omeprazole, and different doses of extracts (50, 250, or 500 mg/kg] were administered orally once daily for 7 consecutive days before the animals were subjected to ethanol induced gastric ulcers. Results: The chloroform-extracted M. calabura (CEMC) contains tannins, polyphenolics, triterpenes, and steroids while the chloroform-extracted M. malabathricum (CEMM) contains only triterpenes and steroids. CEMC, but not CEMM, exerted remarkably strong antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)- (86% versus 16%) and superoxide- (73% versus 36%) radical scavenging assays. Both extracts demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) gastroprotection with the EC50 value recorded at 192.3 or 297.7 mg/kg, respectively. In the pylorus ligation assay, CEMC and CEMM significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total and free acidity and volume; while increased the pH of gastric juice as well as the gastric wall mucus content in comparison with the vehicle-treated group. Discussion and conclusion: CEMC and CEMM exert gastroprotective effects in animals with ethanol-induced gastric ulcers via antioxidant and anti-secretory effects

Early-infantile onset epilepsy and developmental delay caused by bi-allelic GAD1 variants.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the most abundant amino acid neurotransmitters in the brain. GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Its predominant isoform GAD67, contributes up to ∼90% of base-level GABA in the CNS, and is encoded by the GAD1 gene. Disruption of GAD1 results in an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, and as Gad1-/- mice die neonatally of severe cleft palate, it has not been possible to determine any potential neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, little is known about the consequence of GAD1 disruption in humans. Here we present six affected individuals from six unrelated families, carrying bi-allelic GAD1 variants, presenting with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by early-infantile onset epilepsy and hypotonia with additional variable non-CNS manifestations such as skeletal abnormalities, dysmorphic features and cleft palate. Our findings highlight an important role for GAD1 in seizure induction, neuronal and extraneuronal development, and introduce GAD1 as a new gene associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy