Geliat Komik Indonesia

The expectation to send the victory of Ind

Thermohydrodynamics in Quantum Hall Systems

A theory of thermohydrodynamics in two-dimensional electron systems in quantizing magnetic fields is developed including a nonlinear transport regime. Spatio-temporal variations of the electron temperature and the chemical potential in the local equilibrium are described by the equations of conservation with the number and thermal-energy flux densities. A model of these flux densities due to hopping and drift processes is introduced for a random potential varying slowly compared to both the magnetic length and the phase coherence length. The flux measured in the standard transport experiment is derived and is used to define a transport component of the flux density. The equations of conservation can be written in terms of the transport component only. As an illustration, the theory is applied to the Ettingshausen effect, in which a one-dimensional spatial variation of the electron temperature is produced perpendicular to the current.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

Reflective self-attention: A more stable predictor of connection to nature than mindful attention.

There is much to be gained from understanding the individual differences that predict our connection to nature, as those that are more connected tend to be more caring towards the environment and benefit from better well-being. Study 1 (n=137) found that reflective self-attention and mindful attention significantly predicted connection to nature, while anxious self-attention had a borderline significant negative association. With the introduction of personality measures, study 2 (n=161) found that reflective self-attention and openness had a stronger relationship to nature connection than mindful attention. Study 3 (n=99) found reflective self-attention, rather than mindful attention, to be associated with an increase in connection to nature. A pre-reflective and intentional self-attention account of nature connectedness is proposed with intentional self-reflection being a stronger factor than mindful attention

Magnetothermal Conductivity of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite in the Quantum Limit

We report on the magnetic field (0T$\le B \le 9$T) dependence of the longitudinal thermal conductivity $\kappa(T,B)$ of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in the temperature range 5 K $\le T\le$ 20 K for fields parallel to the $c-$axis. We show that $\kappa(T,B)$ shows large oscillations in the high-field region (B > 2 T) where clear signs of the Quantum-Hall effect are observed in the Hall resistance. With the measured longitudinal electrical resistivity we show that the Wiedemann-Franz law is violated in the high-field regime.Comment: 4 Figures, to be published in Physical Review B (2003

Thermoelectric Response of an Interacting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Quantizing Magnetic Field

We present a discussion of the linear thermoelectric response of an interacting electron gas in a quantizing magnetic field. Boundary currents can carry a significant fraction of the net current passing through the system. We derive general expressions for the bulk and boundary components of the number and energy currents. We show that the local current density may be described in terms of ``transport'' and ``internal magnetization'' contributions. The latter carry no net current and are not observable in standard transport experiments. We show that although Onsager relations cannot be applied to the local current, they are valid for the transport currents and hence for the currents observed in standard transport experiments. We relate three of the four thermoelectric response coefficients of a disorder-free interacting two-dimensional electron gas to equilibrium thermodynamic quantities. In particular, we show that the diffusion thermopower is proportional to the entropy per particle, and we compare this result with recent experimental observations.Comment: 18 pages, 2 postscript figures included. Revtex with epsf.tex and multicol.sty. In the revised version, the comparison with experimental observations at $\nu=1/2, 3/2$ is extended to include the possibility of corrections due to weak impurity scattering. The conclusions that we reach regarding the applicability of the composite fermion model at these filling fractions are not affecte

Quality of life and clinical characteristics of self-improving congenital ichthyosis within the disease spectrum of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis

Background Autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of ichthyoses presenting at birth. Self-improving congenital ichthyosis (SICI) is a subtype of ARCI and is diagnosed when skin condition improves remarkably (within years) after birth. So far, there are sparse data on SICI and quality of life (QoL) in this ARCI subtype. This study aims to further delineate the clinical spectrum of SICI as a rather unique subtype of ARCI. Objectives This prospective study included 78 patients (median age: 15 years) with ARCI who were subdivided in SICI (n = 18) and non-SICI patients (nSICI, n = 60) by their ARCI phenotype. Methods Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the (Children's) Dermatology Life Quality Index. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-squared and t-Tests. Results The genetically confirmed SICI patients presented causative mutations in the following genes: ALOXE3 (8/16; 50.0%), ALOX12B (6/16; 37.5%), PNPLA1 (1/16; 6.3%) and CYP4F22 (1/16; 6.3%). Hypo-/anhidrosis and insufficient vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL) were often seen in SICI patients. Brachydactyly (a shortening of the 4th and 5th fingers) was statistically more frequent in SICI (P = 0.023) than in nSICI patients. A kink of the ear's helix was seen in half of the SICI patients and tends to occur more frequently in patients with ALOX12B mutations (P = 0.005). QoL was less impaired in patients under the age of 16, regardless of ARCI type. Conclusions SICI is an underestimated, milder clinical variant of ARCI including distinct features such as brachydactyly and kinking of the ears. Clinical experts should be aware of these features when seeing neonates with a collodion membrane. SICI patients should be regularly checked for clinical parameters such as hypo-/anhidrosis or vitamin D levels and monitored for changes in quality of life

Diffusion Thermopower at Even Denominator Fractions

We compute the electron diffusion thermopower at compressible Quantum Hall states corresponding to even denominator fractions in the framework of the composite fermion approach. It is shown that the deviation from the linear low temperature behavior of the termopower is dominated by the logarithmic temperature corrections to the conductivity and not to the thermoelectric coefficient, although such terms are present in both quantities. The enhanced magnitude of this effect compared to the zero field case may allow its observation with the existing experimental techniques.Comment: Latex, 12 pages, Nordita repor

Current-induced cooling phenomenon in a two-dimensional electron gas under a magnetic field

We investigate the spatial distribution of temperature induced by a dc current in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field. We numerically calculate the distributions of the electrostatic potential phi and the temperature T in a 2DEG enclosed in a square area surrounded by insulated-adiabatic (top and bottom) and isopotential-isothermal (left and right) boundaries (with phi_{left} < phi_{right} and T_{left} =T_{right}), using a pair of nonlinear Poisson equations (for phi and T) that fully take into account thermoelectric and thermomagnetic phenomena, including the Hall, Nernst, Ettingshausen, and Righi-Leduc effects. We find that, in the vicinity of the left-bottom corner, the temperature becomes lower than the fixed boundary temperature, contrary to the naive expectation that the temperature is raised by the prevalent Joule heating effect. The cooling is attributed to the Ettingshausen effect at the bottom adiabatic boundary, which pumps up the heat away from the bottom boundary. In order to keep the adiabatic condition, downward temperature gradient, hence the cooled area, is developed near the boundary, with the resulting thermal diffusion compensating the upward heat current due to the Ettingshausen effect.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figure

A rare missense mutation in <i>GJB3</i> (Cx31G45E) is associated with a unique cellular phenotype resulting in necrotic cell death

Erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva (EKV-P) is caused by mutations in either the GJB3 (Cx31) or GJB4 genes (Cx30.3). We identified a rare GJB3 missense mutation, c.134G>A (p.G45E), in two unrelated patients and investigated its cellular characteristics. Expression of Cx31G45E-GFP caused previously undescribed changes within HeLa cells and HaCaT cells, a model human keratinocyte cell line. Cx31WT-GFP localised to the plasma membrane, but expression of Cx31G45E-GFP caused vacuolar expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mutant protein accumulated within the ER membrane and disassembly of the microtubular network occurred. No ER stress responses were evoked. Cx31WT-myc-myc-6xHis and Cx31G45E-GFP co-immunoprecipitated, indicative of heteromeric interaction, but co-expression with Cx31WT-mCherry, Cx26 or Cx30.3 did not mitigate the phenotype. Cx31 and Cx31G45E both co-immunoprecipitated with Cx43, indicating the ability to form heteromeric connexons. WT-Cx31 and Cx43 assembled into large gap junction plaques at points of cell-to-cell contact; Cx31G45E restricted the ability of Cx43 to reach the plasma membrane in both HaCaT cells and HeLa cells stably expressing Cx43 where the proteins strongly co-localised with the vacolourised ER. Cell viability assays identified an increase in cell death in cells expressing Cx31G45E-GFP, which FACS analysis determined was necrotic. Blocking connexin channel function with 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid did not completely rescue necrosis or prevent propidium iodide uptake, suggesting that expression of Cx31G45E-GFP damages the cellular membrane independent of its channel function. Our data suggest that entrapment of Cx43 and necrotic cell death in the epidermis could underlie the EKV skin phenotype