Pengelompokan Kecamatan Di Kabupaten Toraja Utara Berdasarkan Hasil Produksi Pertanian Menggunakan Analisis Gerombol

Peran sektor pertanian dalam pembangunan ekonomi antara lain. Sebagai penyedia pangan, sebagai sumber tenaga kerja bagi sektor perekonomian lain, sebagai sumber kapital bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi modern khususnya dalam tahap awal pembangunan, sebagai sumber devisa dan masyarakat pedesaan merupakan pasar bagi produk yang dihasilkan dari sektor indutri di perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokan Kecamatan di Kabupaten Toraja Utara berdasarkan potensi sektor pertanian. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis gerombol dengan metode single linkage dan menggunakan pengukuran jarak squared euclidean. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada sektor pertanian di Toraja Utara terbentuk empat gerombol

Formulasi Salep Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nangka (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lam.) Dan Uji Efektivitas Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Terbuka Pada Kelinci

Jackfruit leaves is a plant that work as medicine on healing process of skin diseases,especially in wounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of ointment fromethanolic extract of Jackfruit leaves at the concentration on 5%, 10% and 15% and the effectof the open wound healing in rabbits. Type of this research is laboratory experimental. In thisresearch maceration was done as the extraction method to got the extract of Jackfruit leaves.The ointment of ethanolic extract from jackfruit leaves made within 3 concentrations of 5%,10% and 15%. On the testing ointment using organoleptic test, homogenity test and pH test.The effectiveness assay to heal the open wounds using 5 groups, Betadine ointment (positivecontrol), basic ointment (negative control), the ointment of ethanolic extract from Jackfruitleaves 5%, 10%, and 15% of the 3 rabbits with a 1.5 cm was done and observed until 7 days.The data were processed statistically using One Way ANOVA (Analysis Of Variant) andfollowed by LSD (Least Significant Different). Results of this study showed that the ointmentof ethanolic extract from Jackfruit leaves on the concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% producequalified ointment of organoleptic test, homogenity test and pH test, also give the effect ofopen wound healing in rabbits and the most effective cure is the ointment of ethanolic extractfrom Jackfruit leaves 15%

Vitamin A and zinc supplementation among pregnant women to prevent placental malaria: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Tanzania

BACKGROUND: Malaria causes nearly 200 million clinical cases and approximately half a million deaths each year, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa.1 The risk of malaria increases during pregnancy,2 a period during which its prevention is especially important. Not only do pregnant women experience greater severity of illness compared with nonpregnant women,2 but studies have shown strong associations between prenatal malaria and maternal anemia,2 fetal loss, low birthweight, and infant mortality.2 Improving preventive measures that specifically target malaria in pregnancy is a global health priority.3 METHODS: Study design and participants. This randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial was implemented at 8 antenatal care clinics in the urban Temeke and Ilala districts of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The trial was registered RESULTS: A total of 2,500 screened participants were enrolled in the trial. The trial profile is shown in Figure 1. It was not possible to collect placentas from 875 participants for the following reasons: miscarriages (fetal loss before 28 weeks of gestation) (N = 234), delivery outside of Dar es Salaam or at a non-study hospital (N = 577), or withdrawal from the study (N = 34). Of the remaining 1,589 women, 1,404 placental samples were obtained (88%); histology results were available for 1,361 participants. PCR results were available for 1,158 participants, and 1,404 participants had either histology or PCR results available. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to examine the impact of vitamin A and zinc supplementation starting in early pregnancy on placental malaria. We observed that supplementation with 25 mg zinc per day from the first trimester until delivery was associated with a 36% (95% CI = 9–56%) reduced risk of histopathology-positive placental infection, but not PCRpositive infection. Vitamin A supplementation had no impact on placental malaria, but was associated with an increased risk for severe anemia

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) POPULATIONS ESTIMATED BY ISOZYMIC AND MOLECULAR MARKERS: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO METHODS

In our previous studies, the genetic diversity among nine Tunisian faba bean (Vicia faba) populations was analysed using isozymes and sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP) markers. The objectives of this study were to compare the application and utility of isozymes and sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP) techniques for analysis of genetic diversity among nine Tunisian faba bean (Vicia faba) populations. A high genetic diversity within populations was detected by both isozymes (SOD, 6-PGD, ME, EST, SKDH, FDH and GDH) and (SSAP) markers (PDR1, Tps19 and Tvf4). For all populations, the genetic diversity revealed by SSAP was more pronounced than that detected with isozyme, based on polymorphic profiles. The analyses of correspondance between the tow methodes based in Mantel test revealed a low correlation ( r=0.177). The low correspondance indicated the absence of correlation and therfore the complimentarit

Successful treatment of fusarium solani ecthyma gangrenosum in a patient affected by leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 with granulocytes transfusions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) manifests as a skin lesion affecting patients suffering extreme neutropenia and is commonly associated with <it>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </it>in immunocompromised patients. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency I (LAD I) which count among primary immunodeficiency syndromes of the innate immunity, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized in its severe phenotype by a complete defect in CD18 expression on neutrophils, delayed cord separation, chronic skin ulcers mainly due to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, leucocytosis with high numbers of circulating neutrophils and an accumulation of abnormally low number of neutrophils at sites of infection.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>We report at our knowledge the first case of a child affected by LAD-1, who experienced during her disease course a multi-bacterial and fungal EG lesion caused by <it>fusarium solani</it>. Despite targeted antibiotics and anti-fungi therapy, the lesion extended for as long as 18 months and only massive granulocytes pockets transfusions in association with G-CSF had the capacity to cure this lesion.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We propose that granulocytes pockets transfusions will be beneficial to heal EG especially in severely immunocompromised patients.</p

Deciphering the Complex Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtypes among Different Cohorts in Northern Tanzania.

Increased understanding of the genetic diversity of HIV-1 is challenging but important in the development of an effective vaccine. We aimed to describe the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in northern Tanzania among women enrolled in studies preparing for HIV-1 prevention trials (hospitality facility-worker cohorts), and among men and women in an open cohort demographic surveillance system (Kisesa cohort). The polymerase encompassing partial reverse transcriptase was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis performed and subtype determined. Questionnaires documented demographic data. We examined factors associated with subtype using multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for study, age, and sex. Among 140 individuals (125 women and 15 men), subtype A1 predominated (54, 39%), followed by C (46, 33%), D (25, 18%) and unique recombinant forms (URFs) (15, 11%). There was weak evidence to suggest different subtype frequencies by study (for example, 18% URFs in the Kisesa cohort versus 5-9% in the hospitality facility-worker cohorts; adjusted relative-risk ratio (aRR) = 2.35 [95% CI 0.59,9.32]; global p = 0.09). Compared to men, women were less likely to have subtype D versus A (aRR = 0.12 [95% CI 0.02,0.76]; global p = 0.05). There was a trend to suggest lower relative risk of subtype D compared to A with older age (aRR = 0.44 [95% CI 0.23,0.85] per 10 years; global p = 0.05). We observed multiple subtypes, confirming the complex genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in northern Tanzania, and found some differences between cohorts and by age and sex. This has important implications for vaccine design and development, providing opportunity to determine vaccine efficacy in diverse HIV-1 strains

Reconstruction of major maternal and paternal lineages of the Cape Muslim population

The earliest Cape Muslims were brought to the Cape (Cape Town - South Africa) from Africa and Asia from 1652 to 1834. They were part of an involuntary migration of slaves, political prisoners and convicts, and they contributed to the ethnic diversity of the present Cape Muslim population of South Africa. The history of the Cape Muslims has been well documented and researched however no in-depth genetic studies have been undertaken. The aim of the present study was to determine the respective African, Asian and European contributions to the mtDNA (maternal) and Y-chromosomal (paternal) gene pool of the Cape Muslim population, by analyzing DNA samples of 100 unrelated Muslim males born in the Cape Metropolitan area. A panel of six mtDNA and eight Y-chromosome SNP markers were screened using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). Overall admixture estimates for the maternal line indicated Asian (0.4168) and African mtDNA (0.4005) as the main contributors. The admixture estimates for the paternal line, however, showed a predominance of the Asian contribution (0.7852). The findings are in accordance with historical data on the origins of the early Cape Muslims.Web of Scienc