KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA GELATIN KULIT IKAN AYAM-AYAM ( Abaliste stellaris ) DENGAN PRA-PERLAKUAN KONSENTRASI ASAM SITRAT

Gelatin is a fibrous protein obtained by partial denaturation of collagen. Traditionally, gelatin derived  from mammals’ skins and bones, such as cow and pork. However, both mammals’ gelatin could risk for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and foot mouth disease (FMD), besides, gelatin extracted from pork is prohibited in Islam rules. Therefore, fish processing waste is potential as a source of gelatin in terms of starry triggerfish (Abalistes stellaris) skin gelatin. The aims of this study is to characterize physichochemical of gelatin extracted from skin of starry triggerfish. The methods used in this research, experiment with completely randomized design (CDR) by soaking different concentrations of citric acid (0.2; 0.4; and 0.6 M). The results showed that the concentrations of citric acid  had significantly different (P0.05) on the yield, viscosity, gel strength, and fat content of starry triggerfish skin gelatin. On the other hand, the pH, melting point, galling point, protein, moisture, and ash value of starry triggerfish skin gelatin did not perform significantly different (P0.05). The most properties of starry triggerfish skin gelatin meet the commercial gelatin, and it is able to as a potential alternative of halal gelatin

Effect of different acids during collagen extraction the bone and fins from purple-spotted bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846) and their physicochemical properties

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of different acids (acetic, lactic and citric)-on the extraction of collagen from the bone and fins of purple-spotted bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846) particularly on the yield and physicochemical properties. The physicochemical properties were characterized by electrophoretic pattern, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, colour and pH. The citric acid-extracted collagen (CAC) has a higher percentage of yield (1.93±0.57), followed by lactic acid-extracted collagen (LAC) (1.43±0.42) and acetic acid-extracted collagen (AAC) (0.83±0.18) although those collagens did not differ significantly (p>0.05), and those acid solubilized collagens (ASC) contained about 96.82 - 96.89 mg/g of hydroxyproline. The ASCs obtained showed similar electrophoretic patterns due to the presence of identical α chains (α1 and α2) and classified as type I collagen. UV absorption spectrum in all ASCs was approximately around 231.0 - 231.5 nm. For diffraction angle analysis, first diffraction was detected at 7.23 - 7.41° and second diffraction was at 19.41 - 20.29° in all ASCs. Major absorption peaks of FT-IR spectrum, viz. amide A, amide B and amide I-III were present in the collagens with different wavenumbers. The results indicated that the physicochemical properties of ASCs extracted in the present study were comparable with collagens reported from other fish species. The findings suggested that ASCs from purple-spotted bigeye bones and fins could serve as alternative source of collagen in functional food, pharmaceutics and tissue engineering production, particularly found in acetic acidextracted collagen because of its properties

Tuning trion binding energy and oscillator strength in a laterally finite 2D system: CdSe nanoplatelets as a model system for trion properties

We present a theoretical study combined with experimental validations demonstrating that CdSe nanoplatelets are a model system to investigate the tunability of trions and excitons in laterally finite 2D semiconductors. Our results show that the trion binding energy can be tuned from 36 meV to 18 meV with the lateral size and decreasing aspect ratio, while the oscillator strength ratio of trions to excitons decreases. In contrast to conventional quantum dots, the trion oscillator strength in a nanoplatelet at low temperature is smaller than that of the exciton. The trion and exciton Bohr radii become lateral size tunable, e.g. from ∼3.5 to 4.8 nm for the trion. We show that dielectric screening has strong impact on these properties. By theoretical modeling of transition energies, binding energies and oscillator strength of trions and excitons and comparison with experimental findings, we demonstrate that these properties are lateral size and aspect ratio tunable and can be engineered by dielectric confinement, allowing to suppress e.g. detrimental trion emission in devices. Our results strongly impact further in-depth studies, as the demonstrated lateral size tunable trion and exciton manifold is expected to influence properties like gain mechanisms, lasing, quantum efficiency and transport even at room temperature due to the high and tunable trion binding energies.EC/H2020/714876/EU/Photonics in Flatland: Band Structure Engineering of 2D Excitons in Fluorescent Colloidal Nanomaterials/PHOCONATU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel - 202

Vibrational Enhancement of the Effective Donor - Acceptor Coupling

The paper deals with a simple three sites model for charge transfer phenomena in an one-dimensional donor (D) - bridge (B) - acceptor (A) system coupled with vibrational dynamics of the B site. It is found that in a certain range of parameters the vibrational coupling leads to an enhancement of the effective donor - acceptor electronic coupling as a result of the formation of the polaron on the B site. This enhancement of the charge transfer efficiency is maximum at the resonance, where the effective energy of the fluctuating B site coincides with the donor (acceptor) energy.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Homogeneous search for helium in the atmosphere of 11 gas giant exoplanets with SPIRou

The metastable helium triplet in the near-infrared (10833{\AA}) is among the most important probes of exoplanet atmospheres. It can trace their extended outer layers and constrain mass-loss. We use the near-infrared high-resolution spectropolarimeter SPIRou on the CFHT to search for the spectrally resolved helium triplet in the atmospheres of eleven exoplanets, ranging from warm mini-Neptunes to hot Jupiters and orbiting G, K, and M dwarfs. Observations were obtained as part of the SPIRou Legacy Survey and complementary open-time programs. We apply a homogeneous data reduction to all datasets and set constraints on the presence of metastable helium, despite the presence of systematics in the data. We confirm published detections for HAT-P-11b, HD189733b, and WASP-69b and set upper limits for the other planets. We apply the p-winds open source code to set upper limits on the mass-loss rate for the non-detections and to constrain the thermosphere temperature, mass-loss rate, line-of-sight velocity, and the altitude of the thermosphere for the detections. We confirm that the presence of metastable helium correlates with the stellar mass and the XUV flux received by the planets. We investigated the correlation between the mass-loss rate and the presence of metastable helium, but it remains difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Finally, some of our results are in contradiction with previous results in the literature, therefore we stress the importance of repeatable, homogeneous, and larger-scale analyses of the helium triplet to obtain robust statistics, study temporal variability, and better understand how the helium triplet can be used to explore the evolution of exoplanets.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures, Accepted in A&A for publicatio

Evidence for rangewide panmixia despite multiple barriers to dispersal in a marine mussel

Oceanographic features shape the distributional and genetic patterns of marine species by interrupting or promoting connections among populations. Although general patterns commonly arise, distributional ranges and genetic structure are species-specific and do not always comply with the expected trends. By applying a multimarker genetic approach combined with Lagrangian particle simulations (LPS) we tested the hypothesis that oceanographic features along northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean shores influence dispersal potential and genetic structure of the intertidal mussel Perna perna. Additionally, by performing environmental niche modelling we assessed the potential and realized niche of P. perna along its entire native distributional range and the environmental factors that best explain its realized distribution. Perna perna showed evidence of panmixia across > 4,000 km despite several oceanographic breaking points detected by LPS. This is probably the result of a combination of life history traits, continuous habitat availability and stepping-stone dynamics. Moreover, the niche modelling framework depicted minimum sea surface temperatures (SST) as the major factor shaping P. perna distributional range limits along its native areas. Forthcoming warming SST is expected to further change these limits and allow the species to expand its range polewards though this may be accompanied by retreat from warmer areas.Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-MEC, Portugal) [UID/Multi/04326/2013, IF/01413/2014/CP1217/CT0004]; South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) of the Department of Science and Technology; National Research Foundation; South African National Research Foundation (NRF); Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/85040/2012, SFRH/BPD/111003/2015]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Analysis of Genome Sequences from Plant Pathogenic Rhodococcus Reveals Genetic Novelties in Virulence Loci

Members of Gram-positive Actinobacteria cause economically important diseases to plants. Within the Rhodococcus genus, some members can cause growth deformities and persist as pathogens on a wide range of host plants. The current model predicts that phytopathogenic isolates require a cluster of three loci present on a linear plasmid, with the fas operon central to virulence. The Fas proteins synthesize, modify, and activate a mixture of growth regulating cytokinins, which cause a hormonal imbalance in plants, resulting in abnormal growth. We sequenced and compared the genomes of 20 isolates of Rhodococcus to gain insights into the mechanisms and evolution of virulence in these bacteria. Horizontal gene transfer was identified as critical but limited in the scale of virulence evolution, as few loci are conserved and exclusive to phytopathogenic isolates. Although the fas operon is present in most phytopathogenic isolates, it is absent from phytopathogenic isolate A21d2. Instead, this isolate has a horizontally acquired gene chimera that encodes a novel fusion protein with isopentyltransferase and phosphoribohydrolase domains, predicted to be capable of catalyzing and activating cytokinins, respectively. Cytokinin profiling of the archetypal D188 isolate revealed only one activate cytokinin type that was specifically synthesized in a fas-dependent manner. These results suggest that only the isopentenyladenine cytokinin type is synthesized and necessary for Rhodococcus phytopathogenicity, which is not consistent with the extant model stating that a mixture of cytokinins is necessary for Rhodococcus to cause leafy gall symptoms. In all, data indicate that only four horizontally acquired functions are sufficient to confer the trait of phytopathogenicity to members of the genetically diverse clade of Rhodococcus

TRAPPIST Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI) workshop report

This is the final version. Available on open access from IOP Publishing via the DOI in this recordThe era of atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets is just around the corner. Modeling prior to observations is crucial in order to predict the observational challenges and to prepare for the data interpretation. This paper presents the report of the TRAPPIST Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI) workshop (14-16 September 2020). A review of the climate models and parameterizations of the atmospheric processes on terrestrial exoplanets, model advancements and limitations, as well as direction for future model development was discussed. We hope that this report will be used as a roadmap for future numerical simulations of exoplanet atmospheres and maintaining strong connections to the astronomical community

D 3. 3 Final performance results and consolidated view on the most promising multi -node/multi -antenna transmission technologies

This document provides the most recent updates on the technical contributions and research challenges focused in WP3. Each Technology Component (TeC) has been evaluated under possible uniform assessment framework of WP3 which is based on the simulation guidelines of WP6. The performance assessment is supported by the simulation results which are in their mature and stable state. An update on the Most Promising Technology Approaches (MPTAs) and their associated TeCs is the main focus of this document. Based on the input of all the TeCs in WP3, a consolidated view of WP3 on the role of multinode/multi-antenna transmission technologies in 5G systems has also been provided. This consolidated view is further supported in this document by the presentation of the impact of MPTAs on METIS scenarios and the addressed METIS goals.Aziz, D.; Baracca, P.; De Carvalho, E.; Fantini, R.; Rajatheva, N.; Popovski, P.; Sørensen, JH.... (2015). D 3. 3 Final performance results and consolidated view on the most promising multi -node/multi -antenna transmission technologies. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/7675