93 research outputs found
Density functional theory of superconductivity in doped tungsten oxides
We apply density functional theory for superconductors (SCDFT) to doped tungsten oxide in three forms: electrostatically doped WO3, perovskite WO3−xFx, and hexagonal CsxWO3. We achieve a consistent picture in which the experimental superconducting transition temperature Tc is reproduced, and superconductivity is understood as a weak-coupling state sustained by soft vibrational modes of the WO6 octahedra. SCDFT simulations of CsxWO3 allow us to explain the anomalous Tc behavior observed in most tungsten bronzes, where Tc decreases with increasing carrier density. Here, the opening of structural channels to host Cs atoms induces a softening of strongly coupled W-O modes. By increasing the Cs content, these modes are screened and Tc is strongly reduced
A new approach to the pulsed thermocouple for high gas temperature measurements
Pulsed thermocouple systems can be used to measure gas temperatures above the melting point of the thermocouple by various techniques of short term of intermittent exposure of the thermocouple operating at lower temperatures. An approach is described which uses a thermocouple cooled by a small jet of inert gas. When a measurement is to be made, the cooling jet is turned off and the thermocouple allowed to heat up to near its melting point, at which time the cooling is reapplied. The final temperature which the thermocouple should have attained is then calculated by extrapolating an exponential curve fit to the data. Temperature measurements can be recorded and displayed in near real time by using modern high-speed computing systems to perform these calculations. Examples of the technique applied to high temperature jet engine combustor development are presented
Parallel fuel injection from the base of an extended strut into supersonic flow
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76778/1/AIAA-1994-711-873.pd
Low energy spin dynamics in the antiferromagnetic phase of CaFe2As2
We present 75As nuclear magnetic resonance data in the paramagnetic and
magnetic states of single crystal CaFe2As2. The electric field gradient and the
internal magnetic field at the As sites change discontinuously below the first
order structural transition at T0 = 169 K. In the magnetic state, we find a
single value of the internal hyperfine field consistent with commensurate
antiferromagnetic order of Fe moments pointing in the ab plane. The spin
lattice relaxation rate shows Korringa behavior for T<T0/3, reflecting the
metallic nature of the ordered state. Surprisingly, 1/T1 exhibits a small peak
at 10 K, revealing the presence of slow spin fluctuations that may be
associated with domain wall motion.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Taxonomy, nomenclature and phylogeny of three cladosporium-like hyphomycetes, Sorocybe resinae, Seifertia azaleae and the Hormoconis anamorph of Amorphotheca resinae
Using morphological characters, cultural characters, large subunit and
internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) sequences, and provisions of the
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, this paper attempts to resolve
the taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion surrounding three species of
cladosporium-like hyphomycetes. The type specimen of Hormodendrum
resinae, the basis for the use of the epithet resinae for the
creosote fungus {either as Hormoconis resinae or Cladosporium
resinae) represents the mononematous synanamorph of the synnematous,
resinicolous fungus Sorocybe resinae. The phylogenetic relationships
of the creosote fungus, which is the anamorph of Amorphotheca
resinae, are with the family Myxotrichaceae, whereas S.
resinae is related to Capronia (Chaetothyriales,
Herpotrichiellaceae). Our data support the segregation of
Pycnostysanus azaleae, the cause of bud blast of rhododendrons, in
the recently described anamorph genus Seifertia, distinct from
Sorocybe; this species is related to the Dothideomycetes but
its exact phylogenetic placement is uncertain. To formally stabilize the name
of the anamorph of the creosote fungus, conservation of Hormodendrum
resinae with a new holotype should be considered. The paraphyly of the
family Myxotrichaceae with the Amorphothecaceae suggested by
ITS sequences should be confirmed with additional genes
Role of Coulomb interaction in the superconducting properties of CaC6 and H under pressure
Superconductivity in intercalated graphite CaC6 and H under extreme pressure,
in the framework of superconducting density functional theory, is discussed. A
detailed analysis on how the electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions
combine together to determine the superconducting gap and critical temperature
of these systems is presented. In particular, we discuss the effect on the
calculated Tc of the anisotropy of the electron-phonon interaction and of the
different approximations for screening the Coulomb repulsion. These results
contribute to the understanding of multigap and anisotropic superconductivity,
which has received a lot of attention since the discovery of MgB2, and show how
it is possible to describe the superconducting properties of real materials on
a fully ab-initio basis.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
A genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of the lentil MLO genes
Revista electrónica on linePowdery mildew is a widespread fungal plant disease that can cause significant losses in
many crops. Some MLO genes (Mildew resistance locus O) have proved to confer a durable
resistance to powdery mildew in several species. Resistance granted by the MLO gene family
members has prompted an increasing interest in characterizing these genes and implementing
their use in plant breeding. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a widely grown food
legume almost exclusively consumed as dry seed with an average world production of 4.5
million tons. Powdery mildew causes severe losses on certain lentil cultivars under particular
environmental conditions. Data mining of the lentil CDC Redberry draft genome allowed to
identify up to 15 gene sequences with homology to known MLO genes, designated as
LcMLOs. Further characterization of these gene sequences and their deduced protein
sequences demonstrated conformity with key MLO protein characteristics such as the presence
of transmembrane and calmodulin binding domains, as well as that of other conserved
motifs. Phylogenetic and other comparative analyses revealed that LcMLO1 and LcMLO3
are the most likely gene orthologs related to powdery mildew response in other species,
sharing a high similarity with other known resistance genes of dicot species, such as pea
PsMLO1 and Medicago truncatula MtMLO1 and MtMLO3. Sets of primers were designed
as tools to PCR amplify the genomic sequences of LcMLO1 and LcMLO3, also to screen
lentil germplasm in search of resistance mutants. Primers were used to obtain the complete
sequences of these two genes in all of the six wild lentil relatives. Respective to each gene,
all Lens sequences shared a high similarity. Likewise, we used these primers to screen a
working collection of 58 cultivated and 23 wild lentil accessions in search of length polymorphisms
present in these two genes. All these data widen the insights on this gene family and
can be useful for breeding programs in lentil and close related species.S
A review of the phytochemical support for the shifting defence hypothesis
Several theories have been developed to explain why invasive species are very successful and develop into pest species in their new area. The shifting defence hypothesis (SDH) argues that invasive plant species quickly evolve towards new defence levels in the invaded area because they lack their specialist herbivores but are still under attack by local (new) generalist herbivores. The SDH predicts that plants should increase their cheap, toxic defence compounds and lower their expensive digestibility reducing compounds. As a net result resources are saved that can be allocated to growth and reproduction giving these plants a competitive edge over the local plant species. We conducted a literature study to test whether toxic defence compounds in general are increased in the invaded area and if digestibility reducing compounds are lowered. We specifically studied the levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a toxin which is known for its beneficial and detrimental impact against specialists and generalists, respectively. Digestibility reducers did not show a clear trend which might be due to the small number of studies and traits measured. The meta analysis showed that toxic compounds in general and pyrrolizidine alkaloid levels specifically, increased significantly in the invaded area, supporting the predictions of the SDH that a fast evolution takes place in the allocation towards defence
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