CTZS Thin Films Grown by a Sequential Deposition of Precursors

A comparative study of the structural, optical and morphological properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films prepared by two different techniques was performed. One consists of sequential evaporation of the elemental metallic precursors under a flux of sulphur supplied by evaporation from an effusion cell (physical vapor deposition-PVD) and the second one is a solution-based chemical route where thin layers of CuS, SnS and ZnS are deposited sequentially by diffusion membrane- assisted chemical bath deposition techniques; the membranes are used to optimize the kinetic growth through a moderate control of the release of the metal into CBD solution by osmosis. The present comparative study is helpful to the synthesis of kesterite nanostructured thin films.Comment: Published 201

Prototype of a Plasma Generator for Electrosurgery

Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter and consists of highly ionized particles, it means, particles highly energized. Typically, plasma can be seen in neon lights or sudden electric discharges such as lightning or sparks. These ionized particles have sufficient energy (3 - 6 eV) to break organic molecular bonds within tissue. This property has been found useful for the application of plasma in surgeries as a cutting tool. Plasma has some advantages compared with other techniques for ablation (removal of tissue by cutting, vaporization, etc.), such as scalpel or electrocautery (cutting by vaporizating tissue applying an electric current), etcThis document presents the design and construction of a plasma generator for electrosurgical applications. The generator is comprised of four main parts: DC power supply, topology push-pull, controller unit and plasma probe. First results generating plasma by repetitively-pulsed electrical discharges in sodium chloride saline solution are reported

Tu1781 Description of findings in esophageal impedance-pH monitoring in patients with extraesophageal symtomps and suspected GERD in Hospital San Ignacio Bogota

Q1Q1There are findings that suggest association between extraesophageal symptoms such as cough, laryngitis and chest pain and gastroesophageal reflux disease,. However the cause - effect so far is controversial OBJECTIVE : Describe the findings in esophageal pH monitoring with impedance testing in patients with extraesophageal symptoms and suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients referred to Hospital San Ignacio de Bogotá between 2006 and 2010. METHODS AND PATIENTS We review the records of gastrointestinal physiology studies performed un our unit with multichannel intraluminal impedance-ph monitoring between 2006 and 2011, wich indication was extraesophageal symptoms and suspected GERD. Some of our patients was on treatment wiht PPI and others do not. RESULTS We found in our records 348 patients who underwent esophageal impedance - pH monitoring for extraesophageal symptoms and suspected GERD, 234 female (67%) and 114 male (33%). In 198 patients (57%) the test was performed without treatment, and 150 patients (43%) with treatment. The most common manifestation was laryngitis with 49%, followed by coughing up 38%, and chest pain with 13%. In patients where the study was done without treatment, the test was positive for acid reflux in 23% and positive for non acid reflux only in 13% of cases. In patients in whom the procedure was done with treatment, it was positive for acid reflux in 11% and positive for non-acid reflux in 38%. CONCLUSIONS :Esophageal impedance - pH monitoring is useful in determining whether GERD is present in patients with extraesophageal symptoms. It also helps to distinguish between acid reflux and non -acid reflux in this patients . Most of our patients had a negative result for both acid and non acid reflux , which may suggest a poor relation between extraesophageal symptoms and GERD detecting by impedance . ph monitoring wich can be explain because there is a large amount of procedures performed with the wrong indications.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-4548https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-0636https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5660-6229https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3841-1484https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-7731https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4523-7947Revista Internacional - Indexad

Minimally Invasive Laminate Veneer Therapy for Maxillary Central Incisors.

Minimally invasive dentistry is a considered process that requires the clinician to be prepared with the ideal sequence and the tools needed. This report describes a well-planned ultraconservative approach using only two ceramic laminate veneers for the maxillary central incisors to significantly improve the patient's overall smile. A 30-year-old female presented with the chief complaints of having diastemas between the central and lateral incisors as well as incisal wear. Diagnostic wax-up and mock-up were performed, and the patient approved the minimally invasive treatment with veneers only for central incisors. A reduction guide aided the conservative tooth preparations, and hand-crafted feldspathic veneers were bonded under total isolation with a rubber dam. The two final conservative veneers significantly improved the smile and fulfilled the patient's expectations. Following proper planning and sequencing, predictable outcomes were obtained and fulfilled the patient's esthetic demands. Minimally invasive restorative dentistry with only two single veneers can impact the entire smile frame. Overtreatment in the esthetic zone is unnecessary to meet a patient's esthetic expectations

A 5LCHB Inverter for PV transformerless applications with reduced leakage ground current

Transformerless inverters for photovoltaic systems are widely used as it features low cost, volume, and weight. Thus, in recent years, its study has been of great interest to the research community. In this paper a transformerless cascade multilevel inverter for photovoltaic applications with leakage ground current compensation capability is presented. The proposed solution involves a second-order LC output filter with a particular connection, which is referred to as the DC-link-tied LC output filter. This solution is aimed to deal with the leakage-ground current issue, regardless of the considered PWM strategy. The mathematical model of the system involving such a particular LC output passive filter configuration is presented, out of which, both the differential-mode and the common-mode models are obtained. These models are used to explain the leakage-ground current improvement of the proposed DC-link-tied LC output filter. This hardware solution is evaluated under different modulation schemes to contrast the converter output response and the leakage-ground current performance. Finally, simulation and experimental results are performed using a 1 kW academic prototype to assess the performance of the proposed DC-link-tied LC output filter used in a transformerless inverter application.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No ContaminantObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats SosteniblesPostprint (published version

Diagnostic Mock-Up as a Surgical Reduction Guide for Crown Lengthening: Technique Description and Case Report.

Background and Objectives: The report describes a technique using a diagnostic mock-up as a crown-lengthening surgical guide to improve the gingival architecture. Materials and Methods: The patient's primary concern was improving her smile due to her "gummy smile" and short clinical crowns. After clinical evaluation, surgical crown lengthening accompanied by maxillary central full-coverage single-unit prostheses and lateral incisor veneers was recommended. The diagnostic mock-up was placed in the patient's maxillary anterior region and used as a soft tissue reduction guide for the gingivectomy. Once the planned gingival architecture was achieved, a flap was reflected to proceed with ostectomy in order to obtain an appropriate alveolar bone crest level using the overlay. After six months, all-ceramic crowns and porcelain veneers were provided as permanent restorations. Results: A diagnostic mock-up fabricated with a putty guide directly from the diagnostic wax-up can be an adequate surgical guide for crown-lengthening procedures. The diagnostic wax-up was used to fabricate the diagnostic mock-up. These results suggested that it can be used as a crown-lengthening surgical guide to modify the gingival architecture. Several advantages of the overlay used in the aesthetic complex case include: (1) providing a preview of potential restorative outcomes, (2) allowing for the appropriate positioning of gingival margins and the desired alveolar bone crest level for the crown-lengthening procedure, and (3) serving as a provisional restoration after surgery. Conclusions: The use of a diagnostic mock-up, which was based on a diagnostic wax-up, as the surgical guide resulted in successful crown lengthening and provisional restorations. Thus, a diagnostic overlay can be a viable option as a surgical guide for crown lengthening

Soft Tissue Grafting Procedures before Restorations in the Esthetic Zone: A Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Case Report.

An esthetically pleasing smile is a valuable aspect of physical appearance and plays a significant role in social interaction. Achieving the perfect balance between extraoral and intraoral tissues is essential for a harmonious and attractive smile. However, certain intraoral deficiencies, such as non-carious cervical lesions and gingival recession, can severely compromise the overall aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone. Addressing such conditions requires careful planning and meticulous execution of both surgical and restorative procedures. This interdisciplinary clinical report presents a complex case of a patient with esthetic complaints related to asymmetric anterior gingival architecture and severely discolored and eroded maxillary anterior teeth. The patient was treated using a combination of minimally invasive ceramic veneers and plastic mucogingival surgery, resulting in a successful outcome. The report emphasizes the potential of this approach in achieving optimal esthetic results in challenging cases, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary team approach in achieving a harmonious balance between dental and soft tissue aesthetics

Violencia, bienestar económico y población: México 1998-2016

La presente investigación se plantea el objetivo de analizar el fenómeno de la violencia en México en dos vertientes: primero a la luz de las cifras publicadas por el INEGI en donde se señala que la cifra de homicidios en 2017 alcanzó la cifra récord de 31,174 y segundo mediante la prueba hipótesis a través de un modelo panel que afirma que la violencia está asociada a la violencia misma y a factores de bienestar económico y demográfico. El estudio rechaza la hipótesis nula para tres grupos de entidades federativas: las que concentran cerca del 50% de las variables estudiadas; las que muestran una tendencia hacia la disminución y las que destacan por el número de homicidios creciente por cada cien mil habitantes entre 1998 y 2016. Al final concluimos que la violencia tiene un carácter estructural, difícil de abatir en el corto plazo

The December 22nd 2012 eruption of the Copahue volcano, Neuquén, Argentina: Characterization of the eruptive cycle and its products

Se describen las características y naturaleza de los productos emitidos durante la erupción del 22 de diciembre de 2012 del volcán Copahue. La erupción tuvo carácter pulsatorio, con máxima explosividad al inicio de la erupción (VEI 2) declinando rápidamente en aproximadamente 48 hs. La máxima altura de la columna eruptiva (1.500-2.000 m) fue registrada al inicio de la erupción y estuvo acompañada por una importante emisión de SO2. La pluma alcanzó 250 km en dirección ESE con anchos de 20 km (zonas proximales) y 35 km (zonas distales). Un segundo pulso eruptivo ocurrió por la tarde del 22 de diciembre, generando una pluma de menores dimensiones. Estos pulsos explosivos emitieron i) bloques y bombas balísticas y ii) piroclastos dispersados en suspensión, donde se destacan grandes fragmentos aplanados de escoria altamente vesiculada. El depósito de tefra se distribuyó en ambientes proximales alcanzando distancias de hasta unos 40 km desde el cráter activo y extendiéndose en un área de aproximadamente 200 km2. La tefra está constituida por componentes juveniles con diversos grados de vesiculación y componentes accesorios de composición subvolcánica alterados hidrotermalmente. Las bombas y bloques balísticos se dispersaron hasta 1.800-1.900 m alrededor de la boca eruptiva. Se estima un volumen total eruptado de aproximadamente 0,005 km3. La fase inicial de la erupción se asoció a una columna de magma en ascenso que al interactuar con el sistema hidrotermal superficial del volcán, gatilló una erupción hidromagmática. Una vez abierto el sistema, la descompresión condujo a la predominancia de una fragmentación magmática pulsatoria.This paper describes the characteristics, nature and distribution of the products of the 12/22/2012 eruption of the Copahue volcano (Neuquén Province, Argentina). The eruptive cycle was dominated by a pulsatory behavior, with a continuous decrease in the released energy since the onset of the eruption in the morning of December 22, when the eruptive column reached its maximum height (1,500-2,000 m). The volcanic plume extended for almost 250 km toward the ESE of the volcano and was characterized by a mean width of 20 km in proximal areas and 35 km in distal areas. This initial pulse was accompanied by significant SO2 emissions. A second, less intense, eruptive pulse occurred during the afternoon of December 22, leading to the development of a smaller volcanic plume. Eruption products can be classified as: i) ballistic bombs and blocks emitted from the eruptive center, and ii) fallout pyroclasts deposited directly from the volcanic plume, including large flattened juvenile fragments of highly vesiculated scoria. The characteristics of the eruptive event lead to the accumulation of tephra up to a distance of about 40 km from the crater, distributed along a surface of about 200 km2 to the SE of the volcano. Petrographic analysis performed on the fallout deposits showed the presence of juvenile fragments with different degrees of vesiculation and accessory fragments of hydrothermally altered subvolcanic rocks. Ballistic bombs and blocks were dispersed to a distance of 1,800-1,900 m from the eruptive center. We estimate a VEI 2 eruption intensity, with an emitted volume of about 0.005 km3 , which rapidly declined in about 48 hours after the onset of the eruption. The initial stages of the eruption were related to the interaction of an ascending column of magma with the shallow hydrothermal system of the volcano, triggering a hydromagmatic eruption. Once the conduit was open, the progressive decompression of the system led to an eruption dominated by a pulsatory magmatic fragmentation.Fil: Petrinovic, Ivan Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Villarosa, Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: D'elia, Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (i); ArgentinaFil: Guzman, Silvina Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Paez, Gerardo Nestor. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Recursos Minerales; ArgentinaFil: Outes, Ana Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Manzoni, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Delménico, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Balbis, Catalina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Carniel, Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Hernando, Irene Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (i); Argentin