Removing lateral chromatic aberration in bright field optical microscopy

"We present an efficient alternative to remove lateral chromatic aberration (LCA) in bright field light microscopy images. Our procedure is based on error calibration using time-sequential acquisition at different wavelengths, and error correction through digital image warping. Measurement of the displacements of fiducial marks in the red and green images relative to blue provide calibration factors that are subsequently used in test images to realign color channels digitally. We demonstrate quantitative improvement in the position and boundaries of objects in target slides and in the color content and morphology of specimens in stained biological samples. Our results show a reduction of LCA content below the 0.1% level.

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Remoción de la aberración cromática lateral en imágenes de microscopía óptica de campo claro

Tesis (Doctorado en Nanociencias y Materiales)"En este documento se presenta el desarrollo de un método para reducir la aberración cromática lateral basado en la técnica de ajuste digital de imagen o image warping en imágenes capturadas de un microscopio de campo claro de grado estudiantil. Previo a la descripción del trabajo principal se relata el desarrollo de un sistema de control de barrido láser en el que se utilizan espejos galvanométricos de bajo costo. Se muestra el diseño, la implementación y la caracterización del control electrónico del sistema en una configuración Proporcional-Integral-Derivativo, lo que mejora substancialmente la posición del haz en el plano de incidencia de un sensor de posición de cuatro cuadrantes al realizar un barrido del haz en él. En la segunda parte presentamos una alternativa eficiente para eliminar la aberración cromática lateral en imágenes de microscopía de campo claro. Nuestro procedimiento se basa en la calibración de error usando la adquisición secuencial de imágenes con iluminación de diferentes longitudes de onda, y la corrección del error a través de la técnica de image warping. El cálculo de los desplazamientos de marcas fiduciarias en los canales rojo y verde respecto al canal azul proporcionaron los factores de calibración que se utilizaron posteriormente en imágenes de prueba para ajustar digitalmente los canales de color. Demostramos la mejora cuantitativa en la posición y límites de los objetos en imágenes con iluminación blanca, y además en el contenido de color en muestras biológicas con tinción. Los resultados muestran una reducción del contenido de aberración cromática en el eje-X desde 0.7% hasta 0.09% y en el eje-Y desde 0.71% hasta 0.03%, en ambos casos por debajo del nivel de 0.1%.""Here we present the development of a method to reduce lateral chromatic aberration in captured images of a student grade bright field microscope. Prior to the description of the main job, we show the development of a scanning laser control system using low-cost galvanometric mirrors. We present the design, implementation, and characterization of the electronic control system in a proportional-integral-derivative configuration, substantially improving the position of the beam in the plane of incidence of a four quadrants position sensor to perform a scan of light on it. In the second part, we present an efficient alternative to remove lateral chromatic aberration (LCA) in bright field light microscopy images. Our procedure is based on error calibration using time-sequential acquisition at different wavelengths, and error correction through digital image warping. Measurement of the displacements of fiducial marks in the red and green images relative to blue provide calibration factors that are subsequently used in test images to realign color channels digitally. We demonstrate quantitative improvement in the position and boundaries of objects in target slides and in the color content and morphology of specimens in stained biological samples. Our results show a reduction of LCA content on the X-axis from 0.7% to 0.09% and on the Y-axis from 0.7% to 0.03%, in both cases below the 0.1% level.

Investigación Arquitectónica - AR246 - 202102

Descripción: El curso de Investigación Arquitectónica conduce a la obtención del grado de Bachiller. Es la primera etapa del proceso de titulación profesional, que continua con el curso de Lineamientos para el Proyecto Profesional, sigue con el Taller X y termina con la sustentación del Proyecto de Tesis . La asignatura implementa ejercicios de indagación y procesamiento de información de situaciones reales y objetivas, que sirven de fundamento y soporte, para demostrar la pertinencia de un tema arquitectónico propuesto y su viabilidad. Propósito: Mediante la profundización del conocimiento de un tema elegido el estudiante será capaz de manejar técnicas e instrumentos de investigación para la búsqueda, identificación, selección, análisis, evaluación y uso de información en la construcción de: la justificación, la viabilidad, la articulación de un marco teórico, el análisis de proyectos referenciales, el protocolo teórico de diseño y la síntesis de conclusiones de su propuesta temática, para el Proyecto de Tesis. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales Comunicación Escrita y Manejo de la Información, así como la competencia específica de Diseño Fundamentado (que comprende los criterios NAAB [PC2,PC3,PC8,SC3,PC5, SC5]; las tres a nivel 3 (avanzado). Tiene como requisito el curso TVII - Taller de Integración

Estudios sociales y administrativos en América Latina

Esta obra contiene la compilación de una serie de investigaciones latinoamericanas en las cuales se presenta los nuevos enfoques investigativos, metodológicos y cientificos. Para la generación de soluciones que contribuyan a la toma de decisiones en variables, sociales, economicas y administrativas en los diferentes contextos organizacionales. Además de estos elementos, en esta obra se presentan nuevas apuestas multidisciplinares cuanti-cualitativas en las cuales se destacan la ingeniería, derecho entre otros.

CracidMex1: a comprehensive database of global occurrences of cracids (Aves, Galliformes) with distribution in Mexico

Cracids are among the most vulnerable groups of Neotropical birds. Almost half of the species of this family are included in a conservation risk category. Twelve taxa occur in Mexico, six of which are considered at risk at national level and two are globally endangered. Therefore, it is imperative that high quality, comprehensive, and high-resolution spatial data on the occurrence of these taxa are made available as a valuable tool in the process of defining appropriate management strategies for conservation at a local and global level. We constructed the CracidMex1 database by collating global records of all cracid taxa that occur in Mexico from available electronic databases, museum specimens, publications, “grey literature”, and unpublished records. We generated a database with 23,896 clean, validated, and standardized geographic records. Database quality control was an iterative process that commenced with the consolidation and elimination of duplicate records, followed by the geo-referencing of records when necessary, and their taxonomic and geographic validation using GIS tools and expert knowledge. We followed the geo-referencing protocol proposed by the Mexican National Commission for the Use and Conservation of Biodiversity. We could not estimate the geographic coordinates of 981 records due to inconsistencies or lack of sufficient information in the description of the locality.Given that current records for most of the taxa have some degree of distributional bias, with redundancies at different spatial scales, the CracidMex1 database has allowed us to detect areas where more sampling effort is required to have a better representation of the global spatial occurrence of these cracids. We also found that particular attention needs to be given to taxa identification in those areas where congeners or conspecifics co-occur in order to avoid taxonomic uncertainty. The construction of the CracidMex1 database represents the first comprehensive research effort to compile current, available global geographic records for a group of cracids. The database can now be improved by continuous revision and addition of new records. The CracidMex1 database will provide high quality input data that could be used to generate species distribution models, to assess temporal changes in species distributions, to identify priority areas for research and conservation, and in the definition of management strategies for this bird group. This compilation exercise could be replicated for other cracid groups or regions to attain a better knowledge of the global occurrences of the species in this vulnerable bird family