La educación lingüística y literaria en secundaria : materiales para la formación del profesorado [Texto impreso]

Tomo II. La educación literari

A novel pathway of TEF regulation mediated by microRNA-125b contributes to the control of actin distribution and cell shape in fibroblasts

Background: Thyrotroph embryonic factor (TEF), a member of the PAR bZIP family of transcriptional regulators, has been involved in neurotransmitter homeostasis, amino acid metabolism, and regulation of apoptotic proteins. In spite of its relevance, nothing is known about the regulation of TEF. Principal findings: p53-dependent genotoxic agents have been shown to be much more harmful for PAR bZIP-deficient mice as compared to wild type animals. Here we demonstrate that TEF expression is controlled by p53 through upregulation of microRNA-125b, as determined by both regulating the activity of p53 and transfecting cells with microRNA-125b precursors. We also describe a novel role for TEF in controlling actin distribution and cell shape in mouse fibroblasts. Lack of TEF is accompanied by dramatic increase of cell area and decrease of elongation (bipolarity) and dispersion (multipolarity). Staining of actin cytoskeleton also showed that TEF (-/-) cells are characterized by appearance of circumferential actin bundles and disappearance of straight fibers. Interestingly, transfection of TEF (-/-) fibroblasts with TEF induced a wild type-like phenotype. Consistent with our previous findings, transfection of wild type fibroblasts with miR-125b promoted a TEF (-/-)-like phenotype, and a similar but weaker effect was observed following exogenous expression of p53. Conclusions/significance: These findings provide the first evidence of TEF regulation, through a miR-125b-mediated pathway, and describes a novel role of TEF in the maintenance of cell shape in fibroblasts

WSPH and ISPH Calculations of a Counter-Rotating Vortex Dipole

Viscosity and vorticity are magnitudes playing an important role in many engineering physical phenomena such as: boundary layer separation, transition flows, shear flows, etc., demonstrating the importance of the vortical viscous flows commonly used among the SPH community. The simulation presented here, describes the physics of a pair of counter-rotating vortices in which the strain field felt by each vortex is due to the other one. Different from the evolution of a single isolated vortex, in this case each vortex is subjected to an external stationary strain field generated by the other, making the streamlines deform elliptically. To avoid the boundary influence, a large computational domain has been used ensuring insignificant effect of the boundary conditions on the solution. The performance of the most commonly used viscous models in simulating laminar flows, Takeda’s (TVT), Morris’ (MVT) and Monaghan-Cleary’s (MCGVT) has been discussed comparing their results. These viscous models have been used under two different compressibility hypotheses. Two cases have been numerically analyzed in this presentation. In the first case, a 2D system of two counter-rotating Lamb O seen vortices is considered. At first, the system goes through a rapid relaxation process in which both vortices equilibrate each other. This quasi-steady state is obtained after the relaxation phase is advected at a constant speed and slowly evolves owing to viscous diffusion. The results of the different Lamb-O seen numerical solutions have been validated with good agreement by comparison with the numerical results of a finite element code (ADFC) solution. A second case, somewhat more complex than the previous one, is a 3D Batchelor vortex dipole obtained by adding an axial flow to the system of the first case. The Batchelor vortex model considered here is a classical option normally used to model the structure of trailing vortices in the far-wake of an aircraft

Catalyst Deactivation And Regeneration Processes In Biogas Tri-Reforming Process. The Effect Of Hydrogen Sulfide Addition

This work studies Ni-based catalyst deactivation and regeneration processes in the presence of H2S under a biogas tri-reforming process for hydrogen production, which is an energy vector of great interest. 25 ppm of hydrogen sulfide were continuously added to the system in order to provoke an observable catalyst deactivation, and once fully deactivated two different regeneration processes were studied: a self-regeneration and a regeneration by low temperature oxidation. For that purpose, several Ni-based catalysts and a bimetallic Rh-Ni catalyst supported on alumina modified with CeO2 and ZrO2 were used as well as a commercial Katalco 57-5 for comparison purposes. Ni/Ce-Al2O3 and Ni/Ce-Zr-Al2O3 catalysts almost recovered their initial activity. For these catalysts, after the regeneration under oxidative conditions at low temperature, the CO2 conversions achieved79.5% and 86.9%, respectivelywere significantly higher than the ones obtained before sulfur poisoning66.7% and 45.2%, respectively. This effect could be attributed to the support modification with CeO2 and the higher selectivity achieved for the Reverse Water-Gas-Shift (rWGS) reaction after catalysts deactivation. As expected, the bimetallic Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst showed higher resistance to deactivation and its sulfur poisoning seems to be reversible. In the case of the commercial and Ni/Zr-Al2O3 catalysts, they did not recover their activity.This research was supported by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), the Central Analysis Service (SGIker) of the UPV/EHU, the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (ENE2014-53566-P), the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and Naturgas Company (EDP group)

SERS-Based Methodology for the Quantification of Ultratrace Graphene Oxide in Water Samples

The extensive use of graphene materials in real-world applications has increased their potential release into the environment. To evaluate their possible health and ecological risks, there is a need for analytical methods that can quantify these materials at very low concentrations in environmental media such as water. In this work, a simple, reproducible, and sensitive method to detect graphene oxide (GO) in water samples using the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is presented. The Raman signal of graphene is enhanced when deposited on a substrate of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), thus enabling its determination at low concentrations with no need for any preconcentration step. The practical limit of quantification achieved with the proposed method was 0.1 ng mL–1, which is lower than the predicted concentrations for graphene in effluent water reported to date. The optimized procedure has been successively applied to the determination of ultratraces of GO in water samples

Antiproliferative activity of withanolide derivatives from Jaborosa cabrerae and Jaborosa reflexa. Chemotaxonomic considerations

Three withanolides were isolated from the aerial parts of Jaborosa reflexa Phil. Jaborosa cabrerae Barboza yielded five sativolide withanolides (including jaborosalactones R, S, 38, and 39) and two trechonolide withanolides epimeric at C-23 (trechonolide A and jaborosalactone 32). In addition, five derivatives were obtained by chemical derivatization of jaborosalactone 38, and all compounds were fully characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies. The in vitro antiproliferative activities of the major natural withanolides and the semisynthetic derivatives were examined against HBL-100, HeLa, SW1573, T-47D, and WiDr human solid tumor cancer cell lines. Some chemotaxonomic considerations are discussed.Fil: García, Manuela Emila. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Oberti, Juan Carlos María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Ríos Luci, Carla. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Padrón, José M.. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Nicotra, Viviana Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Estevez Braun, Ana. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Gutierrez Ravelo, Ángel. Universidad de La Laguna; Españ

Statin and risk of falls in the elderly : a sytematic review of the literature

Antecedentes: La alta incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares en la población anciana ha demostrado la eficacia de las estatinas en la reducción de la mortalidad por eventos coronarios; sin embargo, se han producido efectos adversos, tales como mialgia, miopatía, mionecrosis, sin mencionar las caídas como consecuencia de dano˜ muscular con el uso de estatinas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática para evaluar la literatura sobre la asociación entre el uso de estatinas y el riesgo de caídas. Métodos: Las bases de datos que se incluyeron (PubMed y SCOPUS) con artículos publicados entre enero de 2000 y mayo de 2016. Los términos MESH utilizados para la búsqueda fueron «FALLS» AND «STATIN». Los estudios seleccionados incluyeron cohortes de población de la comunidad (> 50 anos) ˜ y fue analizado siguiendo las recomendaciones metodológicas SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network), ya que no se encontró ningún estudio controlado aleatorizado. Resultados: En el estudio de Ham et al. el uso de estatinas ha demostrado ser un factor protector para la presencia de caídas. En el segundo estudio realizado por Scott et al. se encontró un aumento del riesgo de caídas (p = 0,029) y un deterioro de la fuerza muscular y la calidad del músculo (valor de p = 0,033 y 0,046, respectivamente). En el tercer estudio Haerer et al. se encontró un mayor riesgo de caídas (p = 0,63). Conclusiones: La evidencia disponible no permite determinar la asociación entre el uso de estatinas y el riesgo de caídas, aunque sí se encontró asociación con el compromiso de algunos determinantes de la función muscularQ3Artículo original317-321Background: With the high incidence of cardiovascular events in the elderly population the effectiveness of statins in reducing mortality from coronary events has been demonstrated. However, there have been adverse effects, such as myalgia, myopathy, myonecrosis, not to mention the falls as a result of muscle damage with statin use. Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review to assess the literature on the association between statin use and the risk of falls. Methods: The databases that were included PUBMED AND SCOPUS, with articles published from January 2000 to May 2016. The MESH terms used for the search were “FALLS” AND “STATIN”. Selected studies included cohort populations from the community (> 50 years old), and analysed using the Scottish Intercollegiate (SIGN) methodology guidelines, as no randomised controlled study was found. Results: In the study by Ham et al., statin use was shown to be a protective factor for presence of falls. In the second study by Scott et al., there was an increased risk of falls (P = .029) and an impairment in muscle strength and quality muscle (P = .033 and P = .046, respectively). In the third study Haerer et al., found an increased risk of falls (P = .63). Conclusions: The association between use of statins and risk of falls could not be determined with the available evidence, although an association with the involvement of some determinants of muscular function was foun

Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp): Spanish Validation and Relationship With Cognitive Insight in Psychotic Patients

Introduction: Cognitive biases are key factors in the development and persistence of delusions in psychosis. The Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp) is a new self-reported questionnaire of 30 relevant situations to evaluate five types of cognitive biases in psychosis. In the context of the validation of the Spanish version of the CBQp, our objectives were to (1) analyze the factorial structure of the questionnaire with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), (2) relate cognitive biases with a widely used scale in the field of delusion cognitive therapies for assessing metacognition, specifically, Beck's Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) (1), and, finally, (3) associate cognitive biases with delusional experiences, evaluated with the Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI) (2). Materials and Methods: An authorized Spanish version of the CBQp, by a translation and back-translation procedure, was obtained. A sample of 171 patients with different diagnoses of psychoses was included. A CFA was used to test three different construct models. Associations between CBQp biases, the BCIS, and the PDI were made by correlation and mean differences. Comparisons of the CBQp scores between a control group and patients with psychosis were analyzed. Results: The CFA showed comparative fit index (CFI) values of 0.94 and 0.95 for the models with one, two, and five factors, with root mean square error of approximation values of 0.031 and 0.029. The CBQp reliability was 0.87. Associations between cognitive biases, self-certainty, and cognitive insight subscales of the BCIS were found. Similarly, associations between total punctuation, conviction, distress, and concern subscales of the PDI were also found. When compared with the group of healthy subjects, patients with psychoses scored significantly higher in several cognitive biases. Conclusion: Given the correlation between biases, a one-factor model might be more appropriate to explain the scale's underlying construct. Biases were associated with a greater frequency of delusions, distress, conviction, and concern as well as worse cognitive insight in patients with psychosis

Isotope analyses to explore diet and mobility in a medieval Muslim population at Tauste (NE Spain)

The Islamic necropolis discovered in Tauste (Zaragoza, Spain) is the only evidence that a large Muslim community lived in the area between the 8th and 10th centuries. A multi-isotope approach has been used to investigate the mobility and diet of this medieval Muslim population living in a shifting frontier region. Thirty-one individuals were analyzed to determine delta N-15, delta C-13, delta O-18 and Sr-87/Sr-86 composition. A combination of strontium and oxygen isotope analysis indicated that most individuals were of local origin although three females and two males were non-local. The non-local males would be from a warmer zone whereas two of the females would be from a more mountainous geographical region and the third from a geologically-different area. The extremely high delta(15) N baseline at Tauste was due to bedrock composition (gypsum and salt). High individual delta(15) N values were related to the manuring effect and consumption of fish. Adult males were the most privileged members of society in the medieval Muslim world and, as isotope data reflected, consumed more animal proteins than females and young males.Research Group GIU15/34 of the University of the Basque provided support to MO, XM, Country-UPV/EHU, http://www.ehu.eus/es/web/ikerkuntza. IT315-10 Research Group of the Basque Country Government provided support to IG LO MCZ, http://www.hezkuntza.ejgv.euskadi.eus/r43-5553/es/

Fragilidad en pacientes con Enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en tratamiento renal conservador

Antecedentes: La prevalencia de Enfermedad Renal Crónica es superior al 20% en mayores 64 an~os y se asocia con importante morbimortalidad. En ellos el Tratamiento Renal Conservador es una opción legítima de tratamiento. En los últimos an~os la fragilidad se ha convertido en un campo de investigación en mayores y debe ser tenida en cuenta en pacientes ancianos con Enfermedad Renal. Objetivos: Determinar número de pacientes frágiles en Tratamiento Renal Conservador según Escala FRAIL. Determinar si la fragilidad se relaciona con la comorbilidad y la situación funcional. Material y Método: Seleccionamos en consulta de Enfermedad Renal Crónica Avanzada a pacientes mayores de 75 an~os orientados a Tratamiento Renal Conservador. Recogemos Criterios de Fragilidad de Fraid, índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson, Escala de Lawton y Brody, Evaluación para la capacidad de la marcha de FAC e índice de Barthel. Resultados: Se incluyen 80 pacientes 51,2% varones con edad media 84,7 ± 4 an~os y eFG 16,5 ml/min/1,73m2. El 51,2% cumplen criterios de fragilidad. No encontramos diferencias significativas en la escala Charlson entre los pacientes frágiles (8,61 ± 1,28) y no frágiles (8,39 ± 1,36) p= 0,55. La escala de Lawton y Brody y la escala FAC de la marcha se relacionaron con fragilidad (p = 0.001, p = 0.018 respectivamente). Conclusiones: El 51,2% de los pacientes Tratamiento Renal Conservador cumplen criterios de fragilidad por lo que consideramos esta escala válida como herramienta en la toma de decisiones. La fragilidad no se correlaciona con el índice de Charlson: la patología valorada por este test puede no ser sensible a la hora de estudiar esta situación clínica. Encontramos buena correlación con los test que valoran la situación funcional, tanto en la escala de actividades instrumentales de Lawton Brody (útil para detectar primeros grados de deterioro) y para la escala FAC de la marcha