Estudio de la variabilidad espacial de los componentes del rendimiento en el cv. Cabernet Sauvignon y su relación con el estado hídrico de la planta

47 p.Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar de forma espacializada la variabilidad de los componentes del rendimiento en cv. Cabernet Sauvignon y establecer su relación con el estado hídrico de la planta. Este ensayo se llevó a cabo en un cuartel vitícola cv. Cabernet Sauvignon de 1,56 ha ubicado en la Estación Experimental Panguilemo, Talca (35°22.2’ S, 71°35.39’ W, 121 m.s.n.m.), durante la temporada 2011-2012. Durante la temporada se realizaron diversas mediciones en una grilla regular geo-referenciada de 59 puntos. Las mediciones realizadas fueron: i) potencial hídrico de xilema al mediodía en los estados fenológicos más importantes de la vid (brotación, floración, cuaja, pinta, cosecha), ii) componentes del rendimiento en vid; racimos por planta, bayas por racimo, peso de racimos por planta y peso de 200 baya., iii) indicadores de calidad como Índice de polifenoles totales y acidez total. Y, iv) adicionalmente se utilizó la variable edáfica de altitud del terreno, además de los sólidos solubles. Se utilizó un análisis estadístico multivariado, análisis geo-estadístico y cartográfico para el estudio de los datos recopilados, para así determinar la estructura espacial de las variables en estudio y su comportamiento en el tiempo. Los resultados muestran que existe una importante variabilidad espacial de los componentes del rendimiento de la vid que fueron estudiados, pese al pequeño tamaño de la unidad experimental. También se elaboraron diversas cartografías de los componentes estudiados, logrando establecer zonas diferenciadas dentro del cuartel. Finalmente se determinó que no existió una influencia directa del estado hídrico de la vid en la variabilidad de los componentes de rendimiento aquí estudiados.ABSTRACT: A study was conducted in order to assess for spatialized variability of yield components in Cabernet Sauvignon vines and establish its relationship with the plant water status. This test was carried out in a vineyard of 1.56 ha located at the Experimental Station Panguilemo, Maule Region, Chile (35 ° 22.2 'S, 71 ° 35.39' W, WGS 84; 121 m.a.s.l.) during the season 2011-2012. During the season various measurements were performed on a regular grid of 59 georeferenced points. Measurements were: i) midday stem water potential in the most important phenological stages of grapevine (budburst, flowering, setting, veraison, harvest), ii) vine yield components (bunches per vine, berries per bunch, weight of bunches per plant and weight of 200 berries), iii) quality indicators as total polyphenol index and total acidity and, iv) variables terrain altitude and soluble solids. We used a multivariate statistical analysis, geostatistical analysis and mapping for the study of data collected in order to determine the spatial structure of the study variables and their behaviour over time. The results show that there is significant spatial variability of vine yield components here studied, despite the small size of the experimental unit. Also were developed various cartographies over the components studied, establishing separate areas within the experimental plot. Finally, it was determined that there was no direct influence of vine water status variability in yield components studied here

A New Approach to Energy Calculation of Road Accidents against Fixed Small Section Elements Based on Close-Range Photogrammetry

[EN] This paper presents a new approach for energetic analyses of traffic accidents against fixed road elements using close-range photogrammetry. The main contributions of the developed approach are related to the quality of the 3D photogrammetric models, which enable objective and accurate energetic analyses through the in-house tool CRASHMAP. As a result, security forces can reconstruct the accident in a simple and comprehensive way without requiring spreadsheets or external tools, and thus avoid the subjectivity and imprecisions of the traditional protocol. The tool has already been validated, and is being used by the Local Police of Salamanca (Salamanca, Spain) for the resolution of numerous accidents. In this paper, a real accident of a car against a fixed metallic pole is analysed, and significant discrepancies are obtained between the new approach and the traditional protocol of data acquisition regarding collision speed and absorbed energy.S

Identification of molecular biomarkers associated with disease progression in the testis of bulls infected with Besnoitia besnoiti

[EN]Breeding bulls infected with Besnoitia besnoiti may develop sterility during either acute or chronic infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of B. besnoiti infection with prognosis value in bull sterility. Accordingly, five well-characterized groups of naturally and experimentally infected males were selected for the study based on clinical signs and lesions compatible with B. besnoiti infection, serological results and parasite detection. A broad panel of molecular markers representative of endothelial activation and fibrosis was investigated and complemented with a histopathological approach that included conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. The results indicated the predominance of an intense inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of resident and recruited circulating macrophages and to a lesser extent of CD3+ cells in infected bulls. In addition, a few biomarkers were associated with acute, chronic or subclinical bovine besnoitiosis. The testicular parenchyma showed a higher number of differentially expressed genes in natural infections (acute and chronic infections) versus scrotal skin in experimental infections (subclinical infection). In subclinical infections, most genes were downregulated except for the CCL24 and CXCL2 genes, which were upregulated. In contrast, the acute phase was mainly characterized by the upregulation of IL-1α, IL-6 and TIMP1, whereas in the chronic phase, the upregulation of ICAM and the downregulation of MMP13, PLAT and IL-1α were the most relevant findings. Macrophages could be responsible for the highest level of gene regulation in the testicular parenchyma of severely affected and sterile bulls, and all these genes could be prognostic markers of sterility.SIThis study was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AGL-2016-75202-R), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-103960RB-I00) and by the Community of Madrid (PLATESA P2018/ BAA-4370). DG-B was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science through a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI-2016-27875). CD-D was financially supported through a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2014-069839) and AJ-M through a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU, Grant Number FPU13/05481). I. Ferre, L.M. Ortega Mora y G. Álvarez-García are part of the TOXOSOURCES consortium, supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No 773830: One Health European Joint Programme. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Las TIC navegando hacia la sostenibilidad económica y ambiental en el transporte marítimo

El Sistema Portuario Español pone en marcha, en abril de 2015, la plataforma web DUEPORT (Declaración Única de Escala Portuaria) con el fin de ser un observatorio de tráfico marítimo de buques, mercancías y residuos en tiempo real, erigiéndose como la medida más importante para luchar y prevenir la contaminación marina. En este artículo se realiza un análisis por separado de las necesidades del negocio marítimo actual y los instrumentos legales y económicos existentes en materia de prevención de la contaminación marina, mostrando la solución desarrollada por las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) para dar respuesta a todas las necesidades de forma razonable. Las conclusiones de la investigación vienen a mostrar que las TIC completan el “puzle” de los intereses del sector marítimo, capaces de crear un entorno sostenible entre los intereses del negocio marítimo y las necesidades de información ambiental de los buques a través de la aplicación de los instrumentos legales y económicos existentes.The Spanish Port System launched in April 2015, the web platform DUEPORT (Single Declaration of Port Scale ) to be an observatory of marine vessel traffic , goods and waste in real time, establishing itself as the most important measure to fight and prevent marine pollution. In this article an economic existing in the prevention of marine pollution separate analysis of the needs of today’s maritime business and legal instruments and is done by showing the solution developed by the Information Technology and Communication (ICT) to meet all reasonably needs. The research findings come to show that ICTs complete the "puzzle" of the interests of the maritime industry, able to create a sustainable environment between the interests of maritime business and environmental information needs of ships through the application existing legal and economic instruments

Lack of association between TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

This is copy of an article published in the DNA and cell biology 2012 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; DNA and cell bilogy is available online at: http://online.liebertpub.comRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activates the innate immune response via NF-kB pathway and mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling, leading to expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The G allele of TLR4 rs4986790 (+ 896A > G, Asp299Gly) gene polymorphism has been implicated in reduction of risk of atherosclerosis. In this study, 1481 RA patients fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were genotyped for the rs4986790 TLR4 variant to determine the influence of this variant in the risk of CV events in these patients. Also, HLA-DRB1 status was determined using molecular based methods. Moreover, potential influence of rs4986790 variant in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in a subgroup of RA patients with no history of CV events by the measurement of surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. No statistically significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for the rs4986790 variant between RA patients who experienced CV events or not were found. Likewise, no significant association between this gene variant and any of the surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis was found. In summary, results in our study do not support the hypothesis that the rs4986790 (+ 896A > G, Asp299Gly) TLR4 variant may influence predisposition for subclinical atherosclerosis and clinically evident CV disease in RA patientsThis study was supported by two grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI06-0024 and PS09/00748 (Spain). This work was partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075 (RIER) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), within the VI PN de I +D+ i 2008–2011 (FEDER). M.G.B. is supported by a grant from Fundación Española de Reumatología (FER). R.L.M. is supported by a grant by IFIMAV, Santander (Spain)

Vascular wall injury and inflammation are key pathogenic mechanisms responsible for early testicular degeneration during acute besnoitiosis in bulls

[EN] BACKGROUND: Bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti, is a chronic and debilitating cattle disease that notably impairs fertility. Acutely infected bulls may develop respiratory signs and orchitis, and sterility has been reported in chronic infections. However, the pathogenesis of acute disease and its impact on reproductive function remain unknown. METHODS: Herein, we studied the microscopic lesions as well as parasite presence and load in the testis (pampiniform plexus, testicular parenchyma and scrotal skin) of seven bulls with an acute B. besnoiti infection. Acute infection was confirmed by serological techniques (IgM seropositive results and IgG seronegative results) and subsequent parasite detection by PCR and histological techniques. RESULTS: The most parasitized tissue was the scrotal skin. Moreover, the presence of tachyzoites, as shown by immunohistochemistry, was associated with vasculitis, and three bulls had already developed juvenile tissue cysts. In all animals, severe endothelial injury was evidenced by marked congestion, thrombosis, necrotizing vasculitis and angiogenesis, among others, in the pampiniform plexus, testicular parenchyma and scrotal skin. Vascular lesions coexisted with lesions characteristic of a chronic infection in the majority of bulls: hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and a marked diffuse fibroplasia in the dermis of the scrotum. An intense inflammatory infiltrate was also observed in the testicular parenchyma accompanied by different degrees of germline atrophy in the seminiferous tubules with the disappearance of various strata of germ cells in four bulls. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that severe acute besnoitiosis leads to early sterility that might be permanent, which is supported by the severe lesions observed. Consequently, we hypothesized that testicular degeneration might be a consequence of (i) thermoregulation failure induced by vascular lesions in pampiniform plexus and scrotal skin lesions; (ii) severe vascular wall injury induced by the inflammatory response in the testis; and (iii) blood-testis barrier damage and alteration of spermatogenesis by immunoresponseSIThis study was fnanced by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitive‑ ness (AGL-2016-75202-R) and by the Community of Madrid (PLATESA P2018/ BAA-4370). DG-B is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science through a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI-2016-27875). CD-D was fnancially supported through a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Com‑ petitiveness (BES-2014-069839) and AJ-M through a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU, Grant Number FPU13/05481

Lack of association between TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activates the innate immune response via NF-kB pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, leading to expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The G allele of TLR4 rs4986790 (+896A > G, Asp299Gly) gene polymorphism has been implicated in reduction of risk of atherosclerosis. In this study, 1481 RA patients fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were genotyped for the rs4986790 TLR4 variant to determine the influence of this variant in the risk of CV events in these patients. Also, HLA-DRB1 status was determined using molecular based methods. Moreover, potential influence of rs4986790 variant in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in a subgroup of RA patients with no history of CV events by the measurement of surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. No statistically significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for the rs4986790 variant between RA patients who experienced CV events or not were found. Likewise, no significant association between this gene variant and any of the surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis was found. In summary, results in our study do not support the hypothesis that the rs4986790 (+896A > G, Asp299Gly) TLR4 variant may influence predisposition for subclinical atherosclerosis and clinically evident CV disease in RA patients

Caracterización serológica y molecular de potyvirus asociados a la virosis del tomate de arbol en antioquia (colombia)

El tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) es una fruta andina altamente nutritiva, con propiedades organolépticas únicas para el procesamiento industrial y el mercado internacional. En Antioquia, este cultivo presenta diferentes problemas fitosanitarios, siendo especialmente limitante la Virosis, causada por un complejo viral del que hacen parte entre otras, especies del género Potyvirus. En este trabajo se evaluaron mediante pruebas de ELISA los niveles de incidencia de este grupo viral en cultivos de siete zonas del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia) y se determinó la identidad taxonómica de dos de los potyvirus asociados al cultivo. Las pruebas serológicas muestran la presencia de potyvirus en seis de las siete zonas evaluadas, alcanzando niveles superiores al 80% de incidencia, siendo la excepción los cultivos del municipio de Jardín (8%). Pruebas serológicas con anticuerpos específicos para PVY, identificaron a este virus como uno de los presentes en algunas de las muestras sintomáticas colectadas; mientras que análisis de secuencias de amplicones obtenidos mediante RT-PCR, detectaron un nuevo potyvirus, para el que se propone el nombre Tamarillo Leaf Malformation Virus (TaLMV), aunque es necesario completar la secuencia de su genoma para confirmar la validez de esta hipótesis taxonómica. Esta investigación representa un avance importante en el conocimiento que se tiene en Colombia sobre los agentes causales virales del tomate de árbol. Sin embargo, es necesario profundizar en aspectos como los mecanismos de transmisión de estos virus y los efectos individuales y de su interacción sobre las variedades de este cultivo en el país

First report about ants associated with Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in Mexican lime (Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle) in the Apatzingán Valley, Michoacán, México

Objective: To carry out taxonomic studies that determine which formicine species are associated with the cultivation of Mexican lime. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in eight municipalities and 59 localities of the Apatzingán Valley region, Michoacán, Mexico, where Mexican lime (Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle) is produced. A randomized complete blocks design was used in the experiment, where each municipality represented a block. The repetitions were the number of collections, while the experimental unit was a lime sprout infested with Diaphorina citri and ants. The collections were direct and were made with an entomological aspirator. The values obtained were analyzed with the SAS University Edition software (2018). Results: The studied ants belong to the Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, and Ponerinae subfamilies, which represent 15 genera and the same number of species. The subfamilies with the greatest presence in the eight municipalities were: Myrmicinae, Dolichoderinae, and Formicinae. The species with the highest impact were Paratrechina longicornis, Forelius mccooki, and Atta mexicana, while Cardiocondyla minutior and Odontomachus sp. had a lower impact. Study limitations/implications: Social insecurity in the eight municipalities and the new form of coexistence. Findings/Conclusions: The studied species prefer dry, warm, and disturbed site

Viabilidad de un proyecto de inversión: Fabricación de módulos caseros hidropónicos

En México y en el mundo se hace cada vez más evidente la problemática del sector agrícola para producir alimentos suficientes y adecuados para satisfacer las necesidades de la población, por lo que la búsqueda de alternativas que satisfagan dicha necesidad es importante. Esta investigación muestra la validación que tiene un proyecto que centra a los cultivos hidropónicos en módulos como una alternativa de innovación tecnológica para resolver el problema. Dicha innovación consiste en poder cultivar hortalizas en espacios pequeños de las casas. Estos cultivos tienen la ventaja de producir cosechas en un menor tiempo. Para la elaboración de este proyecto se utilizaron diferentes métodos para la obtención de la información que se requirió en el proyecto de páginas oficiales y finalmente el análisis económico y financiero del proyecto se desarrolló con formato de presupuestos PROFORM