AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSCETIBILIDADE A MOVIMENTOS DE MASSA GRAVITACIONAIS EM MARGENS DE CURSOS D’ÁGUA DA CIDADE DE RIO BRANCO (AC).

Este artigo apresenta os resultados do estudo de avaliação da suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa gravitacionais que foi realizado em duas áreas marginais da cidade de Rio Branco-AC. O estudo baseou-se na análise integrada de informações básicas do meio físico. Essas informações foram sistematizadas em um banco de dados georreferenciado e permitiram individualização dos terrenos em unidades fisiográficas, cujas características geológico-geotécnicas foram avaliadas frente aos processos geodinâmicos mapeados. Os resultados consistem principalmente na carta de suscetibilidade em escala 1:5.000, obtida como o resultado da inter-relação das unidades mapeadas e dos fatores indutores dos processos deflagrados

Child’s food consumption and physical exercise: results from a Portuguese descriptive study

Aims: To describe food consumption in Portuguese primary school children, to analyze the influence of food consumption on the body mass index (BMI), and to analyze the relationship between physical exercise and the child's food consumption. Method: A quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 primary schools of the north of Portugal (n = 109 child). The use of a food register for 5 consecutive days and anthropometric evaluation of the children were used. Results: The vast majority of children had a normal weight (65.10%). However, 34.90% of the children presented significant changes in their BMI (14.70% with low weight, 11.90% overweight, and 8.30% with obesity). Children who engage in physical activity drink more water and consume less sugary products. However, they also consume less meat, fish, and eggs than those who do not perform regular physical activity. Conclusions: The study highlights the emergence of new problems, such as the increasing prevalence of underweight children. The prevention of these problems, overweight, or underweight children, should be addressed among healthcare providers, local authorities, families, and teachers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A systematic review

Background: Multimorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more diseases in the same individual. One method to identify this condition at an early stage is the use of specific markers for various combinations of morbidities. Nonetheless, evidence related to physiological markers in multimorbidity is limited. Objective: The aim was to perform a systematic review to identify physiological markers associated with multimorbidity. Design: Articles available on PubMed, Register of Controlled Trials, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Scopus, SocINDEX, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO, from their inception to May 2018, were systematically searched and reviewed. The project was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42017055522. Results: The systematic search identified 922 papers. After evaluation, 18 articles were included in the full review reporting at least one physiological marker in coexisting diseases or which are strongly associated with the presence of multimorbidity in the future. Only five of these studies examined multimorbidity in general, identifying five physiological markers associated with multimorbidity, namely, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipoprotein (Lp), and cystatin C (Cyst-C). Conclusions: There is a paucity of studies related to physiological markers in multimorbidity. DHEAS, IL-6, CRP, Lp, and Cyst-C could be the initial focus for further investigation of physiological markers related to multimorbidity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Variação na carga de treinamento de força: Ainda há muito para se explicar

Studies have shown that periodic variations in the strength training configuration are more efficient for promoting muscle strength in comparison to training that does not vary over time. Although the evidences point the superiority of the varied training, it’s not clear how the processes that influence the force production are affected when training is performed using variation through the time. The present study aims to discuss the central and peripheral mechanisms that influence the process of force production and to generate insights for new investigations that aim to compare the strength development between the varied and non-varied strength training programs.Estudios han demostrado que las variaciones periódicas en la carga del entrenamiento de son más efectivas para promover la fuerza muscular en comparación con el entrenamiento que no varía la carga con el tiempo. Esta variación se produce al manipular las variables de un programa de entrenamiento, como la intensidad, el volumen, la velocidad de las acciones musculares y el orden de los ejercicios. Aunque la evidencia apunta a la superioridad del entrenamiento variado, no está claro cómo los procesos que influyen en la producción de fuerza se ven afectados cuando el entrenamiento se realiza con cargas variables. Conocer los mecanismos desencadenados por la variación de la carga puede conducir a un entrenamiento más específico hacia los objetivos deseados. Nuestro objetivo es discutir los mecanismos centrales y periféricos que influyen en el proceso de producción de fuerza y generar conocimientos para nuevas investigaciones que tienen como objetivo comparar el desarrollo de la fuerza entre los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza variados y no variados.Estudos demonstraram que as variações periódicas na carga de treinamento de força são mais eficientes para promover força muscular em comparação a treinamentos que não variam a carga ao longo do tempo. Essa variação ocorre pela manipulação das variáveis de um programa de treinamento, como a intensidade, volume, velocidade das ações musculares e ordem dos exercícios. Embora as evidências apontem a superioridade do treinamento variado, não está claro como os processos que influenciam a produção de força são afetados quando o treinamento é realizado com variação de carga. Conhecer os mecanismos desencadeados pela variação da carga ao longo do tempo pode levar a treinamentos mais específicos aos objetivos desejados. Assim, objetivamos discutir os mecanismos centrais e periféricos que influenciam o processo de produção de força e gerar insights para novas investigações que visem comparar o desenvolvimento da força entre os variados e não variados programas de treinamento de força

Morphology of the interstitial cells of rat polycystic ovaries: an experimental study

PURPOSES: To evaluate the histomorphometry of ovarian interstitial cells, as well as the blood sex steroid concentrations of female rats with polycystic ovaries induced by continuous light. METHODS: Twenty female rats were divided into two groups: Control Group - in the estrous phase (CtrlG), and a group of rats with polycystic ovaries induced by continuous illumination (POG). CtrlG animals were maintained on a light period from 07:00 a.m. to 07:00 p.m., and POG animals with continuous illumination (400 Lux) for 60 days. After this period all animals were anesthetized and blood was collected for the determination of serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T), followed by removal of the ovaries that were fixed in 10% formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. Five-µm histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and used for histomorphometric analysis. Morphological analyses, cyst count, determination of concentration and of the nuclear volume of interstitial cells were performed with the aid of a light microscope adapted to a high resolution camera (AxioCam), whose images were transmitted to and analyzed by the computer using AxioVision Rel 4.8 software (Carl Zeiss). Data were analyzed statistically by the Student's t-test (pCtrlG=73.2±6.5, pCtrlG=80.6±3.9, pPOG=4.2±1.5, pCtrlG=63.6±16.5, pCtrlG=6.9±3.2, pGCtrl=73,2±6,5; pGCtrl=80,6±3,9; pGOP=4,2±1,5; pGCtrl=63,6±16,5; pGCtrl=6,9±3,2; p<0,05) em relação aos animais do GCtrl. CONCLUSÃO: As células intersticiais do ovário policístico da rata provavelmente provêm dos cistos ovarianos devido degeneração das células da granulosa e diferenciação das células da teca interna. As elevações dos níveis séricos de testosterona e de estradiol provavelmente provêm do aumento significativo da atividade celular e da área ocupada pelas células intersticiais.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Morfologia e GenéticaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Obstetrícia e GinecologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Morfologia e GenéticaSciEL

Os Professores de Química e o Modelo de Ensino por Investigação no Sertão Pernambucano

O presente trabalho procurou investigar o que os professores do ensino médio entendem sobre o Ensino por Investigação, e as contribuições que esta modalidade pode oferecer para ensino-aprendizagem da Química no Sertão Pernambucano. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa com dois docentes que lecionam em cidades sertanejas distintas. A partir das propostas de Cachapuz, Praia e Jorge (2002), elaborou-se uma metodologia composta por três etapas: a primeira consistiu em uma formação continuada, tendo como foco o Ensino por Investigação, a segunda consistiu na observação das aulasplanejadas e a última em uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados mostraram que inicialmente os professores desconheciam a modalidade de ensino por investigação. Contudo, após a formação, os sujeitos demonstraram percepções mais fundamentadas nesta perspectiva de ensino e vislumbraram as potencialidades da mesma para melhorar o Ensino da Química, mostrando, inclusive, interesse em continuar a utilizar a proposta, bem como difundi-la em seus espaços de atuaçã

The Cell Wall Integrity Pathway Contributes to the Early Stages of Aspergillus Fumigatus Asexual Development

Aspergillus fumigatus is a major cause of human disease. The survival of this fungus is dependent on the cell wall organization and function of its components. The cell wall integrity pathway (CWIP) is the primary signaling cascade that controls de novo synthesis of the cell wall in fungi. Abundant conidiation is a hallmark in A. fumigatus, and uptake of conidia by a susceptible host is usually the initial event in infection. The formation of conidia is mediated by the development of fungus-specific specialized structures, conidiophores, which are accompanied by cell wall remodeling. The molecular regulation of these changes in cell wall composition required for the rise of conidiophore from the solid surface and to disperse the conidia into the air is currently unknown. Here, we investigated the role of CWIP in conidiation. We show that CWIP pkcAG579R, ΔmpkA, and ΔrlmA mutants displayed reduced conidiation during synchronized asexual differentiation. The transcription factor RlmA directly regulated the expression of regulators of conidiation, including flbB, flbC, brlA, abaA, and rasB, as well as genes involved in cell wall synthesis and remodeling, and this affected the chitin content in aerial hyphae. Phosphorylation of RlmA and MpkA was increased during asexual differentiation. We also observed that MpkA physically associated with the proteins FlbB, FlbC, BrlA, and RasB during this process, suggesting another level of cross talk between the CWIP and asexual development pathways. In summary, our results support the conclusion that one function of the CWIP is the regulation of asexual development in filamentous fungi. IMPORTANCE A remarkable feature of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is its ability to produce impressive amounts of infectious propagules known as conidia. These particles reach immunocompromised patients and may initiate a life-threatening mycosis. The conidiation process in Aspergillus is governed by a sequence of proteins that coordinate the development of conidiophores. This process requires the remodeling of the cell wall so that the conidiophores can rise and withstand the chains of conidia. The events regulating cell wall remodeling during conidiation are currently unknown. Here, we show that the cell wall integrity pathway (CWIP) components RlmA and MpkA directly contribute to the activation of the conidiation cascade by enabling transcription or phosphorylation of critical proteins involved in asexual development. This study points to an essential role for the CWIP during conidiation and provides further insights into the complex regulation of asexual development in filamentous fungi.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2015/17541-0, 2016/07870-9, 2017/19694-3Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 462383/2014-

Triggering of protection mechanism against Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom in the brain

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORSevere accidents caused by the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer cause neurotoxic manifestations in victims. In experiments with rats, P. nigriventer venom (PNV) temporarily disrupts the properties of the BBB by affecting both the transcellular and the paracellular route. However, it is unclear how cells and/or proteins participate in the transient opening of the BBB. The present study demonstrates that PNV is a substrate for the multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1) in cultured astrocyte and endothelial cells (HUVEC) and increases mrp1 and cx43 and down-regulates glut1 mRNA transcripts in cultured astrocytes. The inhibition of nNOS by 7-nitroindazole suggests that NO derived from nNOS mediates some of these effects by either accentuating or opposing the effects of PNV. In vivo, MRP1, GLUT1 and Cx43 protein expression is increased differentially in the hippocampus and cerebellum, indicating region-related modulation of effects. PNV contains a plethora of Ca(2+), K(+) and Na(+) channel-acting neurotoxins that interfere with glutamate handling. It is suggested that the findings of the present study are the result of a complex interaction of signaling pathways, one of which is the NO, which regulates BBB-associated proteins in response to PNV interference on ions physiology. The present study provides additional insight into PNV-induced BBB dysfunction and shows that a protective mechanism is activated against the venom. The data shows that PNV has qualities for potential use in drug permeability studies across the BBB.Severe accidents caused by the “armed” spider Phoneutria nigriventer cause neurotoxic manifestations in victims. In experiments with rats, P. nigriventer venom (PNV) temporarily disrupts the properties of the BBB by affecting both the transcellular and th99113FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR07/50242-6; 07/50272-6; 07/56715-781316/2008-6; 504732/2007-2; 305099/2011-6sem informaçã