Clinical efficient risks, associated with clinic-epidemiological and clinic-nosological risk-creating factors in thoraco-cranial trauma

Objective. Formulation of clinical efficient risks, associated with- clinic-epidemiological signs and clinic-nosological forms of injuries. Materials and methods. The calculation data of clinical efficient risks, associated with clinic-epidemiological and clinic-nosological characteristics of 254 injuries are adduced, including 178 combined closed thoraco-cranial traumas and 76 isolated thoracic traumas. Results. Using polychoric analysis, the clinical efficient risks for combined thoraco-cranial traumas and isolated closed traumas of thoracic cage were calculated. The data base was formatted in accordance to the method of irrevocable randomization of general massive of 20 592 injuries and the method of the random numbers in accordance to presence of cranial and thoracic injuries - for the main group and in accordance to signs of the isolated thoracic trauma presence - for the control one. The conducted polychoric analysis of data have permitted to establish, that in the injured men-patients with combined closed thoraco-cranial trauma between clinic-epidemiological factors and clinic-nosological signs a positive (c=0.43) , moderate (φ²=0.23) and trustworthy (χ²=29.26) association exists, and the above-mentioned establishments are localized in the trustworthiness field borders. In the injured women-patients with combined closed thoraco-cranial trauma between clinic-epidemiological factors and clinic-nosological signs a positive (c=0.3), mild (φ²=0.1) and trustworthy (χ²=4.97) association exists, but the trustworthiness degree indicates on essential impact of other factors. Conclusion. Clinical efficient risks, associated with clinic-epidemiological and clinic-nosological risk-creating factors, are certainly trustworthy, their values are distributed from minimal to critical and owe a trustworthy association with clinic-epidemiological signs and clinic-epidemiological forms of the injuries. Occurrence of certain clinic-nosological forms of combined thoraco-cranial trauma owes strong positive and trustworthy association with clinic-epidemiological characteristics

Model order reduction for left ventricular mechanics via congruency training

Computational models of the cardiovascular system and specifically heart function are currently being investigated as analytic tools to assist medical practice and clinical trials. To achieve clinical utility, models should be able to assimilate the diagnostic multi-modality data available for each patient and generate consistent representations of the underlying cardiovascular physiology. While finite element models of the heart can naturally account for patient-specific anatomies reconstructed from medical images, optimizing the many other parameters driving simulated cardiac functions is challenging due to computational complexity. With the goal of streamlining parameter adaptation, in this paper we present a novel, multifidelity strategy for model order reduction of 3-D finite element models of ventricular mechanics. Our approach is centered around well established findings on the similarity between contraction of an isolated muscle and the whole ventricle. Specifically, we demonstrate that simple linear transformations between sarcomere strain (tension) and ventricular volume (pressure) are sufficient to reproduce global pressure-volume outputs of 3-D finite element models even by a reduced model with just a single myocyte unit. We further develop a procedure for congruency training of a surrogate low-order model from multiscale finite elements, and we construct an example of parameter optimization based on medical images. We discuss how the presented approach might be employed to process large datasets of medical images as well as databases of echocardiographic reports, paving the way towards application of heart mechanics models in the clinical practice. © 2020 Di Achille et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.19-14- 00134Russell Sage Foundation, RSFSK and OS were funded by RSF (http:// www.rscf.ru/en/) as described below. Part of this work was carried out within the framework of the IIF UrB RAS government assignment and was partially supported by the UrFU Competitiveness Enhancement Program (agreement 02. A03.21.0006) as well as the RSF grant (No. 19-14- 00134). The Uran supercomputer at IMM UrB RAS was used for part of the model calculations. IBM provided support in the form of salaries for authors PA, JP, JK and VG but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the "author contributions" section

Organization of the rational mode of labor and rest of students youth

В статье рассматривается проблема социальных способов воздействия на организацию рационального режима труда и отдыха студентов. Представлены результаты социологического исследования отношения к здоровью и использования основных факторов здорового образа жизни студенческой молодежи.The article deals with the problem of social methods of influencing the organization of a rational mode of work and rest of students. Presents the results of a sociological study of attitudes towards health and the use of the main factors of a healthy lifestyle of students

Occupational and medical aspects of occupational morbidity in men with neurosensory hearing loss

Occupational neurosensory hearing loss is one of the most common occupational diseases. So far, there have been no studies in the scientific literature devoted to a retrospective analysis of professional conditions and conditions of medical care organization in case this pathology is detected in workers served by the system of health care institutions of FMBA of Russia.Нейросенсорная тугоухость профессионального генеза является одним из наиболее распространенных профессиональных заболеваний. До сих пор в научной литературе не встречалось исследований, посвященных ретроспективному анализу профессиональных условий и условий организации медицинской помощи в случае выявления этой патологии у работников, обслуживаемых системой учреждений здравоохранения ФМБА России

Machine Learning Prediction of Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Response From Combination of Clinical and Model-Driven Data

Background: Up to 30–50% of chronic heart failure patients who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) do not respond to the treatment. Therefore, patient stratification for CRT and optimization of CRT device settings remain a challenge. Objective: The main goal of our study is to develop a predictive model of CRT outcome using a combination of clinical data recorded in patients before CRT and simulations of the response to biventricular (BiV) pacing in personalized computational models of the cardiac electrophysiology. Materials and Methods: Retrospective data from 57 patients who underwent CRT device implantation was utilized. Positive response to CRT was defined by a 10% increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction in a year after implantation. For each patient, an anatomical model of the heart and torso was reconstructed from MRI and CT images and tailored to ECG recorded in the participant. The models were used to compute ventricular activation time, ECG duration and electrical dyssynchrony indices during intrinsic rhythm and BiV pacing from the sites of implanted leads. For building a predictive model of CRT response, we used clinical data recorded before CRT device implantation together with model-derived biomarkers of ventricular excitation in the left bundle branch block mode of activation and under BiV stimulation. Several Machine Learning (ML) classifiers and feature selection algorithms were tested on the hybrid dataset, and the quality of predictors was assessed using the area under receiver operating curve (ROC AUC). The classifiers on the hybrid data were compared with ML models built on clinical data only. Results: The best ML classifier utilizing a hybrid set of clinical and model-driven data demonstrated ROC AUC of 0.82, an accuracy of 0.82, sensitivity of 0.85, and specificity of 0.78, improving quality over that of ML predictors built on clinical data from much larger datasets by more than 0.1. Distance from the LV pacing site to the post-infarction zone and ventricular activation characteristics under BiV pacing were shown as the most relevant model-driven features for CRT response classification. Conclusion: Our results suggest that combination of clinical and model-driven data increases the accuracy of classification models for CRT outcomes. Copyright © 2021 Khamzin, Dokuchaev, Bazhutina, Chumarnaya, Zubarev, Lyubimtseva, Lebedeva, Lebedev, Gurev and Solovyova.This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant no. 19-14-00134

Generative Adversarial Networks for Construction of Virtual Populations of Mechanistic Models: Simulations to Study Omecamtiv Mecarbil Action

Biophysical models are increasingly used to gain mechanistic insights by fitting and reproducing experimental and clinical data. The inherent variability in the recorded datasets, however, presents a key challenge. In this study, we present a novel approach, which integrates mechanistic modeling and machine learning to analyze in vitro cardiac mechanics data and solve the inverse problem of model parameter inference. We designed a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) and employed it to construct virtual populations of cardiac ventricular myocyte models in order to study the action of Omecamtiv Mecarbil (OM), a positive cardiac inotrope. Populations of models were calibrated from mechanically unloaded myocyte shortening recordings obtained in experiments on rat myocytes in the presence and absence of OM. The GAN was able to infer model parameters while incorporating prior information about which model parameters OM targets. The generated populations of models reproduced variations in myocyte contraction recorded during in vitro experiments and provided improved understanding of OM’s mechanism of action. Inverse mapping of the experimental data using our approach suggests a novel action of OM, whereby it modifies interactions between myosin and tropomyosin proteins. To validate our approach, the inferred model parameters were used to replicate other in vitro experimental protocols, such as skinned preparations demonstrating an increase in calcium sensitivity and a decrease in the Hill coefficient of the force–calcium (F–Ca) curve under OM action. Our approach thereby facilitated the identification of the mechanistic underpinnings of experimental observations and the exploration of different hypotheses regarding variability in this complex biological system. © 2021, The Author(s).This work was partially supported by the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (g.a. 764738) state Program (No. AAAA-A19-119070190064-4) and the research grant from RFBR (No. 19-31-90089)

Observation of the rare decay K_S -> pi^0mu^+mu^-

A search for the decay K_S -> pi^0mu^+mu^- has been made by the NA48/1 Collaboration at the CERN SPS accelerator. The data were collected during 2002 with a high-intensity K_S beam. Six events were found with a background expectation of 0.22^+0.18_-0.11 event. Using a vector matrix element and unit form factor, the measured branching ratio is B(K_S -> pi^0mu^+mu^-)=[2.9^+1.5_-1.2(stat)+/-0.2(syst)]x10^{-9}.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. To be published in Physics Letters

3D finite element electrical model of larval zebrafish ECG signals

Assessment of heart function in zebrafish larvae using electrocardiography (ECG) is a potentially useful tool in developing cardiac treatments and the assessment of drug therapies. In order to better understand how a measured ECG waveform is related to the structure of the heart, its position within the larva and the position of the electrodes, a 3D model of a 3 days post fertilisation (dpf) larval zebrafish was developed to simulate cardiac electrical activity and investigate the voltage distribution throughout the body. The geometry consisted of two main components; the zebrafish body was modelled as a homogeneous volume, while the heart was split into five distinct regions (sinoatrial region, atrial wall, atrioventricular band, ventricular wall and heart chambers). Similarly, the electrical model consisted of two parts with the body described by Laplace’s equation and the heart using a bidomain ionic model based upon the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equations. Each region of the heart was differentiated by action potential (AP) parameters and activation wave conduction velocities, which were fitted and scaled based on previously published experimental results. ECG measurements in vivo at different electrode recording positions were then compared to the model results. The model was able to simulate action potentials, wave propagation and all the major features (P wave, R wave, T wave) of the ECG, as well as polarity of the peaks observed at each position. This model was based upon our current understanding of the structure of the normal zebrafish larval heart. Further development would enable us to incorporate features associated with the diseased heart and hence assist in the interpretation of larval zebrafish ECGs in these conditions

ЭРИТРОПОЭЗИНДУЦИРУЮЩАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ TUSSILAGO FARFARA L. НА ФОНЕ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЦИСПЛАТИНА И ЭТОПОЗИДА

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of polysaccharides Tussilagofarfara L. on erythroid sprout hematopoiesis, tumor growth and metastasis in mice with Lung cancer-67 during therapy with cisplatin and etoposide. It was found that the use of polysaccharides reduces myelosuppression induced by cytostatics of erythroidal sprout hematopoiesis and leads to increase anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effect of chemotherapy.Изучено влияние полисахаридов Tussilago farfara L. на эритроидный росток кроветворения, а также развитие опухоли и метастазов у мышей с раком легкого-67 в условиях терапии цисплатином и этопозидом. Установлено, что применение полисахаридов уменьшает миелосупрессию, индуцируемую цитостатиками в отношении эритроидного ростка кроветворения и приводит к повышению противоопухолевого и антиметастатического эффекта полихимиотерапии. Гемопоэзиндуцирующее воздействие полисахаридов оказалось сравнимо с таковым у известного стимулятора эритропоэза – рекормона

Verification of cardiac mechanics software: benchmark problems and solutions for testing active and passive material behaviour

Models of cardiac mechanics are increasingly used to investigate cardiac physiology. These models are characterized by a high level of complexity, including the particular anisotropic material properties of biological tissue and the actively contracting material. A large number of independent simulation codes have been developed, but a consistent way of verifying the accuracy and replicability of simulations is lacking. To aid in the verification of current and future cardiac mechanics solvers, this study provides three benchmark problems for cardiac mechanics. These benchmark problems test the ability to accurately simulate pressure-type forces that depend on the deformed objects geometry, anisotropic and spatially varying material properties similar to those seen in the left ventricle and active contractile forces. The benchmark was solved by 11 different groups to generate consensus solutions, with typical differences in higher-resolution solutions at approximately 0.5%, and consistent results between linear, quadratic and cubic finite elements as well as different approaches to simulating incompressible materials. Online tools and solutions are made available to allow these tests to be effectively used in verification of future cardiac mechanics software