Возникновение и развитие еврейской прессы Крыма

В статье выделяются основные этапы процесса возникновения и развития еврейской прессы Крыма, вводится в научный оборот ряд еврейских изданий.У статті виділяються основні етапи процесу виникнення і розвитку єврейської преси Криму, вводиться в науковий обіг ряд єврейських видань.The article researches the Jewish Crimean mass-media

The effect on the small bowel of 5-FU and oxaliplatin in combination with radiation using a microcolony survival assay

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In locally advanced rectal cancer, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiation is the standard treatment. The main acute toxicity of this treatment is enteritis. Due to its potential radiosensitizing properties, oxaliplatin has recently been incorporated in many clinical chemoradiation protocols. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent 5-FU and oxaliplatin influence the radiation (RT) induced small bowel mucosal damage when given in conjunction with single or split dose RT.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Immune competent balb-c mice were treated with varying doses of 5-FU, oxaliplatin (given intraperitoneally) and total body RT, alone or in different combinations in a series of experiments. The small bowel damage was studied by a microcolony survival assay. The treatment effect was evaluated using the inverse of the slope (D₀) of the exponential part of the dose-response curve.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In two separate experiments the dose-response relations were determined for single doses of RT alone, yielding D₀values of 2.79 Gy (95% CI: 2.65 - 2.95) and 2.98 Gy (2.66 - 3.39), for doses in the intervals of 5-17 Gy and 5-10 Gy, respectively. Equitoxic low doses (IC5) of the two drugs in combination with RT caused a decrease in jejunal crypt count with significantly lower D₀: 2.30 Gy (2.10 - 2.56) for RT+5-FU and 2.27 Gy (2.08 - 2.49) for RT+oxaliplatin. Adding both drugs to RT did not further decrease D₀: 2.28 Gy (1.97 - 2.71) for RT+5-FU+oxaliplatin. A clearly higher crypt survival was noted for split course radiation (3 × 2.5 Gy) compared to a single fraction of 7.5 Gy. The same difference was seen when 5-FU and/or oxaliplatin were added.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Combining 5-FU or oxaliplatin with RT lead to an increase in mucosal damage as compared to RT alone in our experimental setting. No additional reduction of jejunal crypt counts was noted when both drugs were combined with single dose RT. The higher crypt survival with split dose radiation indicates a substantial recovery between radiation fractions. This mucosal-sparing effect achieved by fractionation was maintained also when chemotherapy was added.</p

Investigating harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) population differentiation using RAD-tag genotyping by sequencing

The population status of the harbor porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena ) in the Baltic Sea and adjacent regions is still not fully resolved. Here, we present a pilot study using the double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) genotyping- by -sequencing method on specimens from the Baltic Sea, eastern North Sea, Spain and the Black Sea. From a single Illumina lane and a set of 49 individuals, w e obtained around 6000 SNPs. We used these markers to estimate population structure and differentiation, and identified splits between porpoises from the North Sea and the Baltic, and within regions in the Baltic Sea (between the Belt Sea and the Inner Baltic Sea). The SNP analysis confirms population structure elucidated by previous mtDNA/microsatellite studies. We demonstrate the feasibility of SNP analysis on opportunistically sampled cetacean samples, with varying DNA quality, for population diversity and divergence analysis

Experimental and theoretical study of electronic and hyperfine properties of hydrogenated anatase (TiO2_2): defects interplay and thermal stability

In this study we report on the results from emission $^{57}$Fe M${\"o}$ssbauer Spectroscopy experiments, using dilute $^{57}$Mn implantation into pristine (TiO$_2$) and hydrogenated anatase held at temperatures between 300-700 K. Results of the electronic structure and local environment are complemented with ab-initio calculations. Upon implantation both Fe$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{3+}$ are observed in pristine anatase, where the latter demonstrates the spin-lattice relaxation. The spectra obtained for hydrogenated anatase show no Fe$^{3+}$ contribution, suggesting that hydrogen acts as a donor. Due to the low threshold, hydrogen diffuses out of the lattice. Thus showing a dynamic behavior on the time scale of the $^{57}$Fe 14.4 keV state. The surrounding oxygen vacancies favor the high-spin Fe$^{2+}$ state. The sample treated at room temperature shows two distinct processes of hydrogen motion. The motion commences with the interstitial hydrogen, followed by switching to the covalently bound state. Hydrogen out-diffusion is hindered by bulk defects, which could cause both processes to overlap. Supplementary UV-Vis and electrical conductivity measurements show an improved electrical conductivity and higher optical absorption after the hydrogenation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at room temperature reveals that the sample hydrogenated at 573 K shows presence of both Ti$^{3+}$ and Ti$^{2+}$ states. This could imply that a significant amount of oxygen vacancies and -OH bonds are present in the samples. Theory suggests that in the anatase sample implanted with Mn(Fe), probes were located near equatorial vacancies as next-nearest-neighbours, whilst a metastable hydrogen configuration is responsible for the annealing behavior

Introduction to special section on the Phoenix Mission: Landing Site Characterization Experiments, Mission Overviews, and Expected Science

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94752/1/jgre2486.pd

Monitoring one-electron photo-oxidation of guanine in DNA crystals using ultrafast infrared spectroscopy

To understand the molecular origins of diseases caused by ultraviolet and visible light, and also to develop photodynamic therapy, it is important to resolve the mechanism of photoinduced DNA damage. Damage to DNA bound to a photosensitizer molecule frequently proceeds by one-electron photo-oxidation of guanine, but the precise dynamics of this process are sensitive to the location and the orientation of the photosensitizer, which are very difficult to define in solution. To overcome this, ultrafast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy was performed on photoexcited ruthenium polypyridyl–DNA crystals, the atomic structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallography. By combining the X-ray and TRIR data we are able to define both the geometry of the reaction site and the rates of individual steps in a reversible photoinduced electron-transfer process. This allows us to propose an individual guanine as the reaction site and, intriguingly, reveals that the dynamics in the crystal state are quite similar to those observed in the solvent medium

Realization and Properties of Biochemical-Computing Biocatalytic XOR Gate Based on Enzyme Inhibition by a Substrate

We consider a realization of the XOR logic gate in a process biocatalyzed by an enzyme (here horseradish peroxidase: HRP), the function of which can be inhibited by a substrate (hydrogen peroxide for HRP), when the latter is inputted at large enough concentrations. A model is developed for describing such systems in an approach suitable for evaluation of the analog noise amplification properties of the gate. The obtained data are fitted for gate quality evaluation within the developed model, and we discuss aspects of devising XOR gates for functioning in "biocomputing" systems utilizing biomolecules for information processing