Análise dos Efeitos do Diodo Laser de Al-Ga-In-P (Alumínio- Gálio-Índio-Fósforo) com Potências de 1 J/Cm2 e 5 J/Cm2 na Dor Induzida Pela Hipotermia Quando Aplicada nos Acupontos Ig4 (Hegu) e Ig15 (Jianyu): Estudo Piloto

Lasers de baixa potência atuam diminuindo a inflamação e como consequência, a sensibilidade à dor. Com o intuito de eliminar o desconforto durante os estímulos nos acupontos pelas agulhas, foi introduzido o estímulo por radiação Laser nos pontos de acupuntura, nascendo a Laser acupuntura. Esse estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da ação do Diodo Laser de Al-Ga-In-P (Alumínio-GálioÍndio-Fósforo) com potências de 1 J/cm2 e 5 J/cm2 aplicados nos acupontos IG4 e IG15 aplicados ipsilateral e contralateral ao membro estimulado pela hipotermia. Trinta e seis voluntários de ambos os sexos foram divididos em três grupos: Laser com potência de 1 J/cm2 nos acupontos IG4 e IG15, Laser com potência de 5 J/cm2 nos mesmos acupontos e Controle (sem intervenção). O estudo consistiu em três ciclos: hipotermia sem Laser (Pré-Tratamento), hipotermia com Laserterapia (Tratamento) e hipotermia pós Laserterapia (Pós Tratamento). A latência do limiar de dor e a intensidade da dor foram mensuradas em todos os ciclos. Para a análise dos dados da latência do limiar da dor foi aplicado o teste de Anova um critério acompanhado do teste T de Student pareado como post hoc. O teste de Friedman foi aplicado para análise da intensidade da dor. O nível de significância adotado neste estudo foi de p<0,05. Os resultados foram, estatisticamente significativos em relação à latência do limiar de dor nos grupos 1 J/cm2 e 5 J/cm2. Quanto à intensidade da dor, nenhum dos grupos apresentou significância estatística.&nbsp

The measure of positive psychological capital: evidence of factorial invariance in workers of different professions in João Pessoa-PB and Natal-RN: English

O presente estudo o objetivo de verificar a consistência e invariância da estrutura fatorial da medida de capital psicológico positivo em trabalhadores de distintas profissões. O construto do capital psicológico trata-se de um fator positividade socio-cognitiva, a qual, busca verificar a qualidade de vida de trabalhadores relacionada ao desenvolvimento de afetos e emoções, motivação e autodeterminação, inteligência emocional e bem-estar destinado a elaboração e implantação de mecanismos de proteção das capacidades psicológicas para o enfrentamento das adversidades humanos e laborais no ambiente de trabalho. Esta escala tem sido utilizada no Brasil com bastante frequência para avaliação do comportamento organizacional, motivo pelo qual, objetivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. 316 trabalhadores brasileiros da cidade de Natal, RN e João Pessoa - PB, de 21 a 59 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino, bem como, tendo uma renda econômica acima de 4.000,00 R$. Estes responderam a Escala de Capital Psicológico Positivo (ECPP) e dados sociodemográficos. Observou-se que, na análise confirmatória, os indicadores psicométricos revelaram consistência e invariância fatorial, confirmando a tetrafatorialidade como a melhor estrutura fatorial deste construto independente da especificidade amostral.The present study aims at verifying the consistency and invariance of the positive factorial psychological capital measurement in employees with different professions. The psychological capital construct concerns a factor of social-cognitive positivity that tries to check the employees’ life quality related to the development of affections and emotions, motivation and self-determination, emotional intelligence and well-being turned to the elaboration and implementation of protection mechanisms from the psychological capabilities for facing human and labor adversities in the work environment. This scale has been used in Brazil quite frequently for the assessment of the organizational behavior, and this is the reason why this research was aimed at 316 Brazilian employees from the cities of Natal and João Pessoa, Brazil, aged between 21 and 59 years old, mostly females and holding an economic income above R$ 4.000,00. They answered to the Positive Psychological Capital Scale (PPCS) and social-demographic data. The confirmatory analysis demonstrated that the psychometric indicators showed inconsistency and factorial invariance, confirming the tetra-factorial as the best factor structure in this independent construct of sample specificity

Temporal patterns of cytokine and injury biomarkers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with methylprednisolone

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with complex pathophysiological effects in various organ systems. Following the COVID-19, there are shifts in biomarker and cytokine equilibrium associated with altered physiological processes arising from viral damage or aggressive immunological response. We hypothesized that high daily dose methylprednisolone improved the injury biomarkers and serum cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients.MethodsInjury biomarker and cytokine analysis was performed on 50 SARS-Cov-2 negative controls and 101 hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients: 49 methylprednisolone-treated (MP group) and 52 placebo-treated serum samples. Samples from the treated groups collected on days D1 (pre-treatment) all the groups, D7 (2 days after ending therapy) and D14 were analyzed. Luminex assay quantified the biomarkers HMGB1, FABP3, myoglobin, troponin I and NTproBNP. Immune mediators (CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-1β) were quantified using cytometric bead array.ResultsAt pretreatment, the two treatment groups were comparable demographically. At pre-treatment (D1), injury biomarkers (HMGB1, TnI, myoglobin and FABP3) were distinctly elevated. At D7, HMGB1 was significantly higher in the MP group (p=0.0448) compared to the placebo group, while HMGB1 in the placebo group diminished significantly by D14 (p=0.0115). Compared to healthy control samples, several immune mediators (IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, MIG, MCP-1, and IP-10) were considerably elevated at baseline (all p≤0.05). At D7, MIG and IP-10 of the MP-group were significantly lower than in the placebo-group (p=0.0431, p=0.0069, respectively). Longitudinally, IL-2 (MP-group) and IL-17A (placebo-group) had increased significantly by D14. In placebo group, IL-2 and IL-17A continuously increased, as IL-12p70, IL-10 and IP-10 steadily decreased during follow-up. The MP treated group had IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-12p70 progressively increase while IL-1β and IL-10 gradually decreased towards D14. Moderate to strong positive correlations between chemokines and cytokines were observed on D7 and D14.ConclusionThese findings suggest MP treatment could ameliorate levels of myoglobin and FABP3, but appeared to have no impact on HMGB1, TnI and NTproBNP. In addition, methylprednisolone relieves the COVID-19 induced inflammatory response by diminishing MIG and IP-10 levels. Overall, corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) use in COVID-19 management influences the immunological molecule and injury biomarker profile in COVID-19 patients

Manejo da rinossinusite: uma revisão de literatura

This article aims to evaluate the clinical aspects of rhinosinusitis carried out in the last five years, taking into account the prevalence, classification, diagnosis and treatment used. Integrative review in the VHL, LILACS, SciELO, PubMed database of works published between 2019 and 2023, combining the descriptors "rhinosinusitis", "diagnosis" and "treatment" with the Boolean descriptor "AND". The inclusion criteria were articles published in English or Portuguese, patients with rhinosinusitis. Of 41 articles, 5 were included. The results of the analyzed articles demonstrate that in most cases of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, treatment is with the help of antibiotic medications, which should be administered, mainly, when there is a serious condition or the presence of comorbidities. It is concluded that the main mechanism used by health specialists to treat acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are antibiotics. The most commonly used medications are: amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethopim in mild and moderate cases for 7 to 10 days.Este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar os aspectos clínicos da rinossinusite realizada nos últimos cinco anos, levando em consideração a prevalência, classificação, diagnóstico e o tratamento utilizado. Revisão integrativa no banco de dados da BVS, LILACS, SciELO, PubMed de trabalhos publicados entre 2019 e 2023, combinando os descritores "rinossinusite", "diagnóstico" e "tratamento" ao descritor booleano "AND". Os critérios de inclusão foram os artigos publicados em inglês ou português, pacientes portadores de rinossinusite. De 41 artigos, foram incluídos 5. os resultados dos artigos analisados demonstram que na maioria dos casos de acometimento por rinossinusite aguda bacteriana o tratamento se dá com auxílio de medicamentos antibióticos, que devem ser ministrados, principalmente, quando houver um quadro grave ou a presença de comorbidades. Conclui-se que o principal mecanismo utilizado pelos especialistas da área da saúde para tratamento da rinossinusite aguda bacteriana são os antibióticos. Sendo que os medicamentos mais utilizados são: amoxicilina, sulfametoxazol e trimetropim em casos leves e moderados por 7 a 10 dias

Avaliação de Complicações Pós-operatórias na Colecistectomia Laparoscópica versus Aberta

This article presents an integrative review conducted in January 2024, aiming to assess postoperative complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to open cholecystectomy. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, using specific search terms related to gallbladder surgery and postoperative complications. Comparative studies, such as randomized clinical trials and cohort studies, published within the last 20 years, were included. Data were extracted and analyzed for methodological quality, reported complications, and outcomes related to laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies. The results were synthesized and discussed in relation to clinical implications and identified knowledge gaps.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão integrativa realizada em janeiro de 2024, com o objetivo de avaliar as complicações pós-operatórias associadas à colecistectomia laparoscópica em comparação com a aberta. A busca foi conduzida nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, utilizando termos de busca específicos relacionados à cirurgia de vesícula biliar e complicações pós-operatórias. Foram incluídos estudos comparativos, como ensaios clínicos randomizados e estudos de coorte, publicados recentemente nos últimos 20 anos. Os dados foram extraídos e analisados quanto à qualidade metodológica, complicações relatadas e resultados relacionados às colecistectomias laparoscópica e aberta. Os resultados foram sintetizados e discutidos em relação às implicações clínicas e lacunas no conhecimento identificadas

Medicamentos opioides: revisão literária de aspectos farmacológicos de relevância

A dor é que uma percepção empírica sensorial nociceptiva, de conotação afetiva e desagradável, oposta ao prazer. O fenômeno da dor é resultado da ativação dos receptores nociceptivos, os quais captam estímulos nocivos ao organismo via SNC, o qual proporciona a detecção e sinalização do dano tecidual, exteriorizado como sensação dolorosa. Os receptores opioides são acoplados à proteína G na membrana celular, de tal forma que quando os mesmos sofrem estímulo farmacológico específico, ocorre inibição da enzima adenilato ciclase, com consequente queda da concentração intracelular de monofosfato cíclico de adenosina

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Práticas Educomunicativas

Esta publicação pretende divulgar as práticas educomunicativas realizadas em diferentes regiões do país e que estão sendo implantadas por nossos associados. O e-book Práticas Educomunicativas, que visa oferecer um material de uso prático que possa servir de apoio pedagógico em diferentes contextos, escolar ou de ações junto a instituições, apresenta 20 artigos de profissionais e pesquisadores que implementam ações que inter-relacionam comunicação e educação no contexto da educação apontando as experiências e processos de educomunicação e valorizando desta forma, o trabalho realizado por cada educomunicador oferecendo, ao leitor, um material de uso prático que possa servir de apoio pedagógico em diferentes contextos