A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil favoreceu o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados? / COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil favored the consumption of ultra-processed foods?

Com todas as restrições impostas pela pandemia de COVID-19 à população brasileira, é esperado que muitos comportamentos de saúde se modifiquem, incluindo hábitos relacionados à alimentação. Entretanto, não se sabe ao certo se a maior permanência da população em casa possibilitou a melhora ou piora dos hábitos alimentares. Assim, objetiva-se investigar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Este estudo investigou o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura com busca eletrônica no PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO e com aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A busca resultou em 96 artigos e após seleções, 7 artigos foram selecionados para inclusão na revisão sendo, 6 transversais e 1 coorte. Os estudos transversais demonstraram alto consumo de AUP ou aumento neste consumo durante a pandemia, especialmente em adolescentes, residentes nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país por pessoas com menor escolaridade. Este estudo evidenciou aumento no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pelo brasileiro durante o período da quarentena devido ao isolamento, para evitar o contágio da COVID-19

Análise da cobertura de vacinas de HPV quadrivalente na população do sexo feminino em um município do interior da Amazônia / Analysis of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine coverage in the female gender population in a municipality in the interior of the Amazon

Introdução: O HPV (Papilomavírus Humano) consiste em um grupo de vírus potencialmente cancerígeno, altamente contagioso e de transmissão a partir do contato direto, cujos sintomas no organismo podem permanecer latentes por muitos anos. A vacina HPV Quadrivalente oferece proteção contra os tipos 16 e 18, associados ao câncer de colo de útero, e os tipos 6, 11 e 16, relacionados com às verrugas anogenitais. Sob a perspectiva da saúde coletiva, a relevância da imunização deve-se ao alcance da cobertura vacinal. A abrangência ideal para a referida vacina corresponde a 80% do grupo alvo sendo o alcance da meta importante para diminuir a transmissão do vírus. Objetivo: Analisar a cobertura de vacinas de HPV Quadrivalente referente à população do sexo feminino, no município de Santarém do Pará, no período de 2014 a 2019. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, cujas informações foram extraídas através de dados disponibilizados no DATASUS. Como critérios de inclusão, a presente pesquisa abrangeu o município de Santarém, restringindo-se à população feminina, entre os anos de 2014 e 2019, que receberam a primeira e a segunda dose da vacina. Resultados: No período analisado, observou-se que a cobertura de imunização para HPV Quadrivalente no Município de Santarém, limitou-se a 52,47% do público-alvo da pesquisa, ocupando 109º posição em relação aos demais 143 municípios do Pará. Discussão: Conforme o Plano Nacional de Imunizações, que estabelece que a imunização para prevenção contra o HPV deve abranger 80% da população alvo, Santarém encontra-se preocupantemente distante desse índice, inferindo que as mulheres residentes desse município estão mais vulneráveis ao vírus. Conclusão: Percebeu-se que Santarém não abrange satisfatoriamente a cobertura de imunização de HPV Quadrivalente ideal, abrindo, assim, oportunidade para as complicações decorrentes desse vírus, como câncer de colo de útero, na população em questão. É necessário, portanto, revisar as políticas do município visando a garantir que toda a população-alvo tenha acesso à imunização. 

ATLANTIC-CAMTRAPS: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the Atlantic Forest of South America

Our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. Camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. Here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the Neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. The dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in 144 areas by 74 studies, covering six vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of South America (Brazil and Argentina), and present data on species composition and richness. The complete dataset comprises 53,438 independent records of 83 species of mammals, includes 10 species of marsupials, 15 rodents, 20 carnivores, eight ungulates and six armadillos. Species richness averaged 13 species (±6.07 SD) per site. Only six species occurred in more than 50% of the sites: the domestic dog Canis familiaris, crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, tayra Eira barbara, south American coati Nasua nasua, crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus and the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. The information contained in this dataset can be used to understand macroecological patterns of biodiversity, community, and population structure, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and trophic interactions. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ

Tupanvirus-infected amoebas are induced to aggregate with uninfected cells promoting viral dissemination

International audienceThe discovery of giant viruses in the last years has fascinated the scientific community due to virus particles size and genome complexity. Among such fantastic discoveries, we have recently described tupanviruses, which particles present a long tail, and has a genome that contains the most complete set of translation-related genes ever reported in the known virosphere. Here we describe a new kind of virus-host interaction involving tupanvirus. We observed that tupanvirus-infected amoebas were induced to aggregate with uninfected cells, promoting viral dissemination and forming giant host cell bunches. Even after mechanical breakdown of bunches, amoebas reaggregated within a few minutes. This remarkable interaction between infected and uninfected cells seems to be promoted by the expression of a mannose receptor gene. Our investigations demonstrate that the pre-treatment of amoebas with free mannose inhibits the formation of bunches, in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that amoebal-bunch formation correlates with mannose receptor gene expression. Finally, our data suggest that bunch-forming cells are able to interact with uninfected cells promoting the dissemination and increase of tupanvirus progeny. The recent discovery of tupanvirus, one of the largest and most complex viruses isolated to date, has reinforced the structural and genomic complexity of the giant viruses 1. Tupanviruses have been isolated from soda lakes, known as an extreme aquatic environments, and from ocean sediments collected at a depth of 3000 meters (m) 1,2. Phylogenetic analyses have shown the clustering of the tupanvirus with members of the family Mimiviridae. However, there are many peculiarities that make the tupanviruses unique entities in the known virosphere. Since its first observation, tupanviruses showed remarkable morphological characteristics; it has optically visible particles that average about 1.2 µm in size and can reach lengths up to 2.3 µm 1. Tupanvirus has the largest host range described so far among amoebal-infecting giant viruses and can causes a shutdown of host rRNA that is likely related to host-nucleolus degradation 1,3-9. The tupanviruses replication cycle is similar to those for other mim-iviruses, in which viral particles attach to the host-cell surface and enter through phagocytosis. The viral inner membrane then fuses with the phagosome membrane, releasing the genome. A viral factory (VF) is formed, where particle morphogenesis occurs; the cycle ends with cell lysis and the release of progeny viruses 1,10. The study of the tupanvirus genome further aroused the interest of virologists, not only due of its large size (~1.5 Mb), but also because these viruses show the largest translational apparatus described. It is composed of up to 70 tRNA, 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), 11 factors associated with translation, and factors related to tRNA/mRNA maturation and ribosome protein modification 1. In addition to the robust translation apparatus, tupanvirus also contains a gene encoding mannose-specific lectin, also called mannose-binding protein (MBP) 1. Interestingly, previous studies revealed that Acanthamoeba castellanii expresses an MBP and that free-mannose can inhibit the adhesion of A. castellanii to surfaces, suggesting that the MBP plays a role in the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infection 11-16

Correction for Arantes et al., “The Large Marseillevirus Explores Different Entry Pathways by Forming Giant Infectious Vesicles”

International audienc

ATLANTIC-CAMTRAPS: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the Atlantic Forest of South America

Our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. Camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. Here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the Neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. The dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in 144 areas by 74 studies, covering six vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of South America (Brazil and Argentina), and present data on species composition and richness. The complete dataset comprises 53,438 independent records of 83 species of mammals, includes 10 species of marsupials, 15 rodents, 20 carnivores, eight ungulates and six armadillos. Species richness averaged 13 species (±6.07 SD) per site. Only six species occurred in more than 50% of the sites: the domestic dog Canis familiaris, crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, tayra Eira barbara, south American coati Nasua nasua, crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus and the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus. The information contained in this dataset can be used to understand macroecological patterns of biodiversity, community, and population structure, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and trophic interactions. © 2017 by the Ecological Society of Americ

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data