Chip morphology evaluation on turning of 316L stainless steel using laser surface textured WC-Co cutting tools

Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition, 1 - 4 Outubro 2023. Lisboa, Portugal.During machining processes, a large amount of heat is generated, especially in the cutting zone, due to the deformation of the material and to the friction of the chip along the surface of the cutting tool, resulting in, a wear increase and consequent reduction of tool life. Surface texturing can help improve these tools tribological performance by increasing their load carrying capacity, providing a more efficient lubricant supply at the tool-chip interface and reducing the tool-chip contact area. In this context, the fabrication of cross-hatched micropatterns on WC-Co cutting tools by laser surface texturing of green compacts is proposed, aiming to improve these tools performance and life. This work is focused on evaluating the morphology of the chip obtained when turning 316L stainless steel with tools textured with different cross-hatched micropatterns, these findings being benchmarked against conventional cutting tools and correlated with the tool wear. For such purpose, morphological characterization using optical and scanning electron microscopy was used

Additive manufacturing of embedded thermocouples in WC-Co cutting tools for cutting temperature measurement

A publicar em PowderMet2023, 18 - 21 jun. 2023, Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, USADuring machining processes, a large amount of heat is generated due to deformation of the material and friction of the chip along the surface of the tool, especially in the cutting zone. This high temperature strongly influences tribological phenomena and adhesion, tool wear, tool life, workpiece surface integrity and quality, chip formation mechanisms and contribute to the thermal deformation of the cutting tool, leading to high operating costs and reduction of the end product quality. In this sense, being able to assess the cutting temperature in real time, at various points of the cutting tool during machining processes, is of utmost importance to effectively optimize cutting parameters and the cutting fluid flow adequately, for minimizing heat generation, temperature and consequently wear, allowing to increase tool life. This work proposes the fabrication of embedded additively manufactured type K and type N thermocouples by laser powder bed fusion for real time cutting temperature measurement. Processing parameters optimization was performed to obtain a dense and continuous thermocouple with no significant defects and the additively manufactured thermocouples were tested in comparison to a conventional thermocouple. The obtained results show that this approach is effective to produce embedded thermocouples in WC-Co cutting tools capable of measuring cutting temperature, which will allow a real time optimization of the cutting parameters, namely cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, during in-service time, thus enhancing tool performance and life.This work was supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) through the grant 2020.07155.BD and by the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030353 (SMARTCUT) and PTDC/EMEEME/1442/2020 (Add2MechBio). Additionally, this work was supported by FCT national funds, under the national support to R&D units grant, through the reference projects UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDP/04436/2020. Finally, this work was also developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 & LA/P/0006/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC)

Evidências sobre a redução do colesterol de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade com outras drogas além de estatinas e inibidores de PCSK6 / Evidence on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reducing with drugs other than statins and PCSK6 inhibitors

Os agentes de alteração de lipídios abrangem várias classes de medicamentos, incluindo estatinas, inibidores de absorção de colesterol, derivados de ácido fíbrico, sequestrantes de ácidos biliares, inibidores de proproteína convertase subtilisina/kexina tipo 9, ácido nicotínico e outros. Embora as estatinas sejam a terapia preferida para a maioria dos pacientes que necessitam de tratamento de dislipidemia, outros agentes estão disponíveis com vários níveis de evidência para benefícios clínicos. Em pacientes que não atingem a meta desejada de colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade com terapia com estatina, adicionamos ezetimiba com mais frequência do que qualquer outra droga que altera os lipídios. O principal uso da terapia com fibratos é no manejo de pacientes com hipertrigliceridemia, o ácido nicotínico é pouco utilizado no tratamento do LDL-C e pode ser usado para diminuir a lipoproteína. A maioria dos pacientes para os quais uma terapia com medicamentos prescritos é considerada aconselhável terá uma elevação no nível de colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade e uma estatina é a terapia de primeira linha estabelecida. Outros medicamentos hipolipemiantes são usados para aumentar os efeitos das estatinas no LDL-C, substituir as estatinas quando essa classe não pode ser usada, pode ser uma opção, ou para tratar distúrbios não-LDL-C, principalmente hipertrigliceridemia

ENEB 2019: Relato da experiência de competir no Campeonato Nacional e seus efeitos no time Enactus CEFET/RJ Angra dos Reis.

Este relato de extensão tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência do Time Enactus CEFET/RJ Angra dos Reis, durante a sua primeira participação como competidor principal no Evento Nacional Enactus Brasil - ENEB, o maior evento de empreendedorismo social da América Latina. Trata-se do maior e mais importante evento anual em que os times participantes da rede Enactus de todas as regiões do Brasil se encontram para trocar experiências e realizar networking. Além disso, cada time defende o projeto desenvolvido ao longo do período que, em comum, têm o objetivo promover o desenvolvimento sustentável e empoderamento da comunidade onde vive. Participar do campeonato trouxe uma nova perspectiva para o time, tanto nas possibilidades da criação de um projeto, no impacto que um projeto em desenvolvimento avançado pode ter na vida dos brasileiros e no real poder de transformação da rede

Portuguese recommendations for the use of biological and targeted synthetic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – 2020 update

Objective: To update the recommendations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs and tsDMARDs), endorsed by the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology (SPR). Methods: These treatment recommendations were formulated by Portuguese rheumatologists taking into account previous recommendations, new literature evidence and consensus opinion. At a national meeting, in a virtual format, three of the ten previous recommendations were re-addressed and discussed after a more focused literature review. A first draft of the updated recommendations was elaborated by a team of SPR rheumatologists from the SPR rheumatoid arthritis study group, GEAR. The resulting document circulated among all SPR rheumatologists for discussion and input. The level of agreement with each of all the recommendations was anonymously voted online by all SPR rheumatologists. Results: These recommendations cover general aspects such as shared decision, treatment objectives, systematic assessment of disease activity and burden and its registry in Reuma.pt. Consensus was also achieved regarding specific aspects such as initiation of bDMARDs and tsDMARDs, assessment of treatment response, switching and definition of persistent remission. Conclusion: These recommendations may be used for guidance of treatment with bDMARDs and tsDMARDs in patients with RA. As more evidence becomes available and more therapies are licensed, these recommendations will be updated.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Minas esgotada : antecedentes e impactos do desastre da Vale na Bacia do Paraopeba

-A obra oferece um panorama das questões sociais e ambientais ligadas à mineração em Minas Gerais, trazendo os sujeitos e a paisagem como protagonistas da narrativa. Ela reúne autores que assumem a responsabilidade social do fazer científico, analisando a assimetria de poder, o jogo político, os antecedentes e consequências ambientais do rompimento da barragem da Vale S.A no Complexo Paraopeba II, em 2019. Os textos transitam entre esforços teórico-reflexivos e aproximações empíricas; nascem do histórico de engajamento dos pesquisadores com a problemática da mineração e questões socioambientais, adornado por sucessivos trabalhos de campo e contatos com a população atingida

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions