Towards highly adaptable user-centric terminal architecture

International audienceIn the next-generation communication systems, the mobile terminals will be considerably more diverse than nowadays, andthe users will have a greater choice of access technologies,offering different QoS, security, cost, and so on. However, the “best” decision to select an interface and an access network from many other possible combinations has to be taken. This decision will dependon information such as: the user preferences, the requirements from applications, the device capabilities, the performances and capabilities of the available networks, the network operators constraints, etc. Thispaper describes an add-on middleware which deals with interface automatic configuration and selection. Our goal is twofold: to provideusers with “seamless” roaming between heterogeneous access networks,and to allow them to always stay connected through the “best”acces snetwork

Achieving "always best connected" through extensive profile managment

International audienceThe integration of various access networks into a ubiquitous,yet heterogeneous, wireless environment is on the way. This evolution of the mobile network will give the end-user a greater choice of access tech-nologies, and, therefore, the decision to select the “best” interface andaccess network from many possible combinations has to be taken. The decision will depend on information such as: performances and capabilities of the available networks, requirements from applications, user preferences, or network operators’ constraints. Our work focuses on an advanced middleware which deals with profile management to supportthe interface automatic configuration and selection. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism supports the dynamic (re)mapping of the application flows by taking into consideration multiple selection criteri

A Holistic Monitoring Service for Fog/Edge Infrastructures: a Foresight Study

International audienceAlthough academic and industry experts are now advocating for going from large-centralized Cloud Computing infrastructures to smaller ones massively distributed at the edge of the network, management systems to operate and use such infrastructures are still missing. In this paper, we focus on the monitoring service which is a key element to any management system in charge of operating a distributed infrastructure. Several solutions have been proposed in the past for cluster, grid and cloud systems. However, none is well appropriate to the Fog/Edge context. Our goal in this study, is to pave the way towards a holistic monitoring service for a Fog/Edge infrastructure hosting next generation digital services. The contributions of our work are: (i) the problem statement, (ii) a classification and a qualitative analysis of major existing solutions, and (iii) a preliminary discussion on the impact of the deployment strategy of functions composing the monitoring service

Efficient Resource Allocation for Multi-tenant Monitoring of Edge Infrastructures

International audienceBy relying on small sized and massively distributed infrastructures, the Edge computing paradigm aims at supporting the low latency and high bandwidth requirements of the next generation services that will leverage IoT devices (e.g., video cameras, sensors). To favor the advent of this paradigm, management services, similar to the ones that made the success of Cloud computing platforms, should be proposed. However, they should be designed in order to cope with the limited capabilities of the resources that are located at the edge. In that sense, they should mitigate as much as possible their footprint. Among the different management services that need to be revisited, we investigate in this paper the monitoring one. Monitoring functions tend to become compute-, storage-and network-intensive, in particular because they will be used by a large part of applications that rely on real-time data. To reduce as much as possible the footprint of the whole monitoring service, we propose to mutualize identical processing functions among different tenants while ensuring their quality-of-service (QoS) expectations. We formalize our approach as a constraint satisfaction problem and show through micro-benchmarks its relevance to mitigate compute and network footprints

A Framework for Edge Infrastructures Monitoring

By relying on small sized and massively distributed infrastructures, the Edge computingparadigm aims at supporting the low latency and high bandwidth requirements of the next generationservices that will leverage IoT devices (e.g., video cameras, sensors). To favor the advent of this paradigm,management services, similar to the ones that made the success of Cloud computing platforms, should beproposed. However, they should be designed in order to cope with the limited capabilities of the resourcesthat are located at the edge. In that sense, they should mitigate as much as possible their footprint. Amongthe different management services that need to be revisited, we investigate in this paper the monitoring one.Monitoring functions tend to become compute-, storage- and network-intensive, in particular because theywill be used by a large part of applications that rely on real-time data. To reduce as much as possible thefootprint of the whole monitoring service, we propose to mutualize identical processing functions amongdifferent tenants while ensuring their quality-of-service (QoS) expectations.We formalize our approach asa constraint satisfaction problem and show through micro-benchmarks its relevance to mitigate computeand network footprints.En s’appuyant sur des infrastructures de petite taille et massivement distribuées, le EdgeComputing cherche à répondre aux besoins en faible latence et grande bande passante des applicationsde nouvelle génération qui favorisent l’utilisation de l’Internet des objets (par exemple, les camérasvidéo, les capteurs). Pour mettre en œuvre ce paradigme, des services de gestion, similaires à ceuxqui ont permis le succès des plates-formes du Cloud Computing, doivent être proposés. Cependant, ilsdoivent être conçus de manière à faire face aux capacités limitées des ressources situées à la périphériedu réseau. Autrement dit, ils doivent réduire autant que possible leur empreinte. Parmi les différentsservices de gestion qui doivent être revisités, nous étudions dans cet article le service de supervision.Les fonctions de supervision ont tendance à nécessiter de grandes capacités de calcul, de stockage et deréseau parce qu’elles sont utilisées par une grande partie d’applications qui nécessite une supervisionen temps réel. Afin de réduire au maximum l’empreinte du service de supervision, nous proposonsde mutualiser des fonctions de traitement identiques entre différents tenants tout en garantissant leursattentes en qualité de service (QoS). Nous formalisons notre approche en tant qu’un problème desatisfaction de contraintes et montrons à l’aide de micro-test sa pertinence pour atténuer l’empreintede calcul et réseau

COMODO: an adaptive coclustering strategy to identify conserved coexpression modules between organisms

Increasingly large-scale expression compendia for different species are becoming available. By exploiting the modularity of the coexpression network, these compendia can be used to identify biological processes for which the expression behavior is conserved over different species. However, comparing module networks across species is not trivial. The definition of a biologically meaningful module is not a fixed one and changing the distance threshold that defines the degree of coexpression gives rise to different modules. As a result when comparing modules across species, many different partially overlapping conserved module pairs across species exist and deciding which pair is most relevant is hard. Therefore, we developed a method referred to as conserved modules across organisms (COMODO) that uses an objective selection criterium to identify conserved expression modules between two species. The method uses as input microarray data and a gene homology map and provides as output pairs of conserved modules and searches for the pair of modules for which the number of sharing homologs is statistically most significant relative to the size of the linked modules. To demonstrate its principle, we applied COMODO to study coexpression conservation between the two well-studied bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. COMODO is available at: http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/∼kmarchal/Supplementary_Information_Zarrineh_2010/comodo/index.html

Évaluation de la consommation de cannabis et de son impact dans les pathologies rhumatismales : revue systématique, méta-analyse et étude monocentrique transversale

Contexte. De nombreux patients atteints de rhumatisme inflammatoire chronique (RIC) rapportent des douleurs résiduelles, malgré un contrôle optimal de l’activité de leur maladie. D’autres pathologies, comme la fibromyalgie ou l’arthrose, pâtissent aussi d’un manque de thérapeutiques antalgiques efficaces. Il n'est donc pas rare que des patients admettent recourir à des méthodes alternatives pour juguler leurs douleurs, parmi lesquelles notamment la consommation de cannabis.Objectifs. Chez les patients souffrant de RIC, estimer la prévalence de la consommation de cannabis, évaluer ses effets sur la douleur, comparer les caractéristiques des consommateurs de cannabis à celles des non-consommateurs.Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une revue systématique de la littérature jusqu’en juin 2020. Tous les essais contrôlés ou études épidémiologiques comprenant des patients atteints de RIC consommant du cannabis et fournissant des données sur la douleur, ont été inclus dans une méta-analyse. Les résultats ont ensuite été confrontés à ceux d’une étude observationnelle transversale monocentrique menée dans le service de Rhumatologie du CHU de Clermont-Ferrand.Résultats 23 publications ont été inclues dans la méta-analyse : 7 abstracts, 7 études observationnelles transversales et 9 longitudinales. Dans 15 études (n = 10873), 2900 patients déclaraient avoir utilisé du cannabis [40.4% ; 95% CI : 0.28, 0.54]. Dans 5 études (n = 4122 patients), 485 patients déclaraient une consommation actuelle de cannabis [15.3% ;- 95% CI : 0.07, 0.27]. Les consommateurs de cannabis étaient plus fréquemment sans emploi [486/837 (58.1%) vs 1296/4193 (30.9%) ; OR 2.40 [95% CI : 1.31, 4.40] ; p 0.005], tabagiques [52.8% vs 36.3% ; OR 2.91 [95% CI : 1.84, 4.60] ; p<0.001], consommateurs d’alcool [OR 3.12 ; 95% CI : 2.41, 4.04]. Ils avaient des douleurs plus intenses que les non-consommateurs [5.0 (2.4) vs 4.1 (2.6) mm ; p <0.001]. Six études montraient une diminution significative de la douleur au cours du temps et deux études une amélioration significative de la qualité de vie, du sommeil et de l’humeur. Au 19/08/2020, 87 patients ont été inclus dans l’étude menée à Clermont-Ferrand. 17 (19.5%) patients ont déclaré avoir expérimenté le cannabis au cours de leur vie, parmi lesquels 1 consomme actuellement du cannabis. Le profil du consommateur est le même que celui observé dans la méta-analyse : homme jeune, fumeur, sans emploi et consommateur d’alcool.Conclusion La méta-analyse retrouve une surconsommation de cannabis dans la population de patients ayant un RIC. L’étude transversale menée à Clermont-Ferrand ne corrobore pas ces faits pour le moment (sous réserve d’un manque de puissance). L’utilisation thérapeutique des cannabinoïdes à visée antalgique en rhumatologie semble prometteuse mais leur efficacité nécessite d’être confirmée par d’autres études de plus grande envergure

Microbial symbiosis in insects : toward a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in host-bacteria associations

Serratia symbiotica is a valuable model to understand the evolution of microbial symbiosis in insects. Indeed, it includes a wide variety of strains varying in their interdependence degree with aphid hosts, some of which have been cultivated in our laboratory. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate how symbionts form new symbioses and extend their influence on insect populations. We established artificial infections of cultivable S. symbiotica in aphid gut to decipher its infection processes, symbiotic status, transmission mode, as well as the way in which it infects aphids. Our results showed that cultivable S. symbiotica colonized and multiplied in aphid gut, inducing fitness costs. However, it can offer a protection against parasitoids that should in some conditions offset the costs. The bacteria seem also to be extracellularly transmitted in laboratory conditions. We showed that plants can mediate horizontal transfers of cultivable S. symbiotica between aphids, and bacteria can be absorbed by plant roots, inducing new infections in aphids, as well as positive effects on plant fitness. A field study further highlighted the great diversity of S. symbiotica, as well as its presence in plants and insects associated with aphid colonies, confirming the existence of new acquisition and transfer routes of S. symbiotica in nature. This thesis also examined another insect symbiosis, showing that Arsenophonus likely complements the role of the deficient obligate symbiont of psyllids. This thesis thus brought new insights into the nature of symbiosis in insects and the importance of considering symbiosis in complex systems.(SC - Sciences) -- UCL, 202

Traités du cautionnement & des transactions : livre III, titres XIV et XV du Code civil /

"Articles 2011 à 2058."Bibliographical footnotesMode of access: Internet