A Study on Spare Aircraft in Brazilian Airlines

All around the globe, the airlines struggle to sustain profitability. They are deeply affected by the region’s economy. It goes from the fuel price and exchange rate to the level of employment and average salary. That makes it imperative to control the cost, and also to balance very well the cost and level of service. Aircraft utilization is one KPI that measures productivity. Once the airline has a high aircraft utilization, it means that the resource has been productive, hence more cost-efficient. On the other hand, flight cancelations and delays result in costs and passengers’ dissatisfaction. In Brazil, there is a law that establishes how the airline must compensate the passenger; it is called “Resolução 400”. According to the local law, the airlines are responsible for compensating the passenger even in weather deterioration that causes delays or cancelations. The researchers calculated the compensation cost with a flight cancelation and compared that value with the cost of one spare aircraft added to the fleet. The researchers used the software LINDO™ Classic student version to find the optimal fleet size of the network. The same network was uploaded in actual aviation network 5 optimizer, the AirVision® Planning, and Scheduling, and they obtained the same value. By increasing one aircraft to the fleet, the researchers could evaluate the effect on the aircraft utilization rate. The study provides the annual break-even point and compares the effectiveness of the spare aircraft with the investment of an extra airplane. If the spare aircraft, in a year, is capable of preventing 365 cancelations or more, it would pay the investments. The researchers considered only a fraction of the total cost of cancelation due to the availability and sensitivity of the data. In conclusion, the researchers recommend that every airline proactively study and act on how beneficial having a spare aircraft can be to their operation. However, they should conduct it thoroughly, including all departments. So the total cost of flight cancelation or delay can be calculated, as well as the effectiveness of the spare aircraft. The investment with the aircraft can bring cost reduction and increment of passenger satisfaction. Em todo o mundo, as companhias aéreas lutam para se manter lucrativas. Elas são profundamente afetadas pela economia da região. Esses impactos vão desde o preço do combustível e da taxa de câmbio ao nível de emprego e salário médio na região. Isso torna imperativo controlar o custo e também equilibrar muito bem com nível de serviço. A utilização de aeronaves é um KPI que mede a produtividade. Uma companhia aérea tem uma alta utilização da aeronave, significa que seus recursos apresentam alta produtividade, portanto, apresentam uma eficiência de custo superior. Por outro lado, cancelamentos e atrasos de voos resultam em custos e insatisfação dos passageiros. No Brasil, existe uma lei que estabelece como a companhia aérea deve compensar o passageiro; chamado Resolução 400 . Que dita como as companhias aéreas são responsáveis por compensar o passageiro, mesmo com a deterioração de condições climáticas que venham causar atrasos ou cancelamentos. Os pesquisadores calcularam o custo da compensação com um cancelamento de voo e compararam esse valor com o custo de uma aeronave sobressalente adicionada à frota 7 Os pesquisadores usaram a versão de estudante do software LINDO ™ Classic para encontrar o tamanho ideal da frota da malha. A mesma rede foi carregada no otimizador de malha, o AirVision® Planning e Scheduling, e eles obtiveram o mesmo valor. Ao aumentar uma aeronave para a frota, os pesquisadores puderam avaliar o efeito na taxa de utilização da aeronave. O estudo forneceu o ponto de equilíbrio anual, podendo comparar com eficácia das aeronaves sobressalentes e o investimento necessário par se ter uma aeronave extra. Se a aeronave sobressalente, em um ano, for capaz de impedir 365 cancelamentos ou mais, pagaria seu investimento. Os pesquisadores consideraram apenas uma fração do custo total do cancelamento devido à disponibilidade e confidencialidade de dados. Em conclusão, os pesquisadores recomendam que todas as companhias aéreas estudem proativamente os benefícios se de ter uma aeronave sobressalente para sua operação. No entanto, a análise deve ser conduzida por completo, incluindo todos os departamentos. Portanto, o custo total do cancelamento ou atraso do voo pode ser calculado, bem como a eficácia da aeronave sobressalente. O investimento na aeronave pode trazer redução de custos e aumento da satisfação do passageiro

Self-rated sleep quality and mood states of Brazilian fighters

[EN] Sleep has a direct relationship with mood. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and mood of combat sport athletes. A total of 188 elite male combat sports athletes participated in the study. Athletes who reported good sleep have greater vigor during competition than athletes with regular sleep and the mood profile was similar to the Iceberg Profile. In conclusion, there are relationships between sleep quality and mood of combat sport athletes, and athletes with good sleep quality present a mood profile nearest to the ideal for the best performance

Mood states and self-rated health of Brazilian jiu-jitsu fighters in competition

[EN] Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes are subjected to a large and intensive training load that may cause injuries. These injuries can be detrimental to the physical and mental health of these athletes. In this regard, the aim of this study was to compare the self-reported health and mood states of BJJ athletes. Twenty-three BJJ athletes participated in the study. A questionnaire was used for general characterization of the athletes, which included the self-rated health question, and the Brunel Mood Scale – BRUMS were used. The mood profile was similar to the Iceberg profile. Athletes with regular health had lower vigor than athletes with excellent vigor. Lower vigor in athletes who reported regular health may be related to concern about injury. Specific strength training and careful execution of the technique should be emphasized in training

Humor pré-competitivo em atletas brasileiros de jiu-jitsu

The present study aimed to evaluate the mood state and associated factors in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes before they took part into a competition. It consisted of 84 male athletes, with an average of 29 years old. The instruments applied were Brunel´s Mood Scale and a questionnaire to characterize the participants. Data collection was done during an international competition. To analyze the data Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. The athletes presented low confusion, depression, anger and fatigue, moderate tension and high vigor. Health self-evaluation and weight satisfaction were associated to confusion, the better self-evaluation is less confusion he presents. Athletes who are satisfied or would like to lose weight presented greater confusion than those who wanted to put on weight. Rest quality was associated to confusion, anger, depression and his vigor. The less rested the athlete feels, greater is his depression, anger and confusion, the more rested the athlete is, better is his vigor. Regarding sleep quality, there was an association to confusion, vigor and depression. As poor quality sleep is, greater confusion and depression, the better the quality is, greater is his vigor

Body weight and mood state modifications in mixed martial arts: An exploratory pilot

Brandt, R, Bevilacqua, GG, Coimbra, DR, Pombo, LC, Miarka, B, and Lane, AM. Body weight and mood state modifications in mixed martial arts: An exploratory pilot. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2548-2554, 2018-Mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters typically use rapid weight loss (RWL) as a strategy to make competition weight. The aim of the present study was to compare body weight and mood changes in professional male MMA athletes who used strategies to rapidly lose weight (n = 9) and with MMA athletes who did not (n = 3). Body mass and mood states of anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigor and total mood disturbance were assessed (a) 30 days before competition, (b) at the official weigh-in 1 day before competition, (c) 10 minutes before competition, and (d) 10 minutes postcompetition. Results indicated that RWL associated with reporting higher confusion and greater total mood disturbance at each assessment point. Rapid weight loss also associated with high anger at the official weigh-in. However, in performance, RWL did not have deleterious effects on performance. The RWL group also reported greater total mood disturbance at all assessment points with a moderate difference effect size. Research supports the notion that RWL associates with potentially dysfunctional mood states

Percepções sobre risco e efeitos do uso e consumo de esteroides anabolizantes por praticantes de musculação

It is known that the design of the harm caused by the indiscriminate use of anabolic steroids is short of the potential harm that misuse can cause. Were investigated 50 men users of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). All participants are bodybuilders, mean age 29 years (±7). Most have completed higher education (n=12; 26.1%) or are enrolled in higher education (n=17; 37%). The highest form of knowledge to AAS was for gym colleagues (n=10; 20%) and 17 (34%) show more than one. Twenty-nine (58%) received parenteral AAS, 46.5% (n=20) self-made application and the most frequently EAA cited were Durateston (n= 39; 78%) and Deca-Durabolin (n=38; 76%). Twenty six (59.1%) surveyed said they had used AAS for veterinary use. For 64% (n=32) of the participants have a physical thinner was the main justification for the use of AAS; the positive effect most noticeable was the improvement of athletic performance. Thus it appears that individuals who use AAS have, to share the risks of misuse, and that prevention campaigns should go beyond to warn of the harmful effects of AAS use

Burnout in elite junior tennis players : a multiple case study

This cross-sectional, descriptive study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk of burnout in Brazilian elite young tennis players, using a multiple-case approach. A total of 130 participants were recruited using a random, non-probabilistic method, based on participation in 2 international tournaments. The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) was used to measure burnout in the players. The results showed that 10% of the athletes (n = 13) had a moderate risk of burnout, 3.1% had a high risk, and 2.3% showed signs of burnout. Analysis of the categories of players with a high risk of burnout and those with signs of burnout showed that there were ve categories: recurrent burnout, burnout in career transition, changes in burnout level, burnout related to high expectations, and burnout related to overtraining. The findings of the study reinforce recent models showing that athlete burnout is a complex phenomenon that can manifest in different ways, depending on the athlete's characteristics and life experiences in the sport.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la prevalencia de tenistas con alto riesgo de burnout y en una muestra representativa de jóvenes tenistas brasileños de elite y analizar estos jugadores a través de un enfoque multi-caso. Este estudio de multicasos se llevó a partir de una pesquisa descriptiva y transversal. Los participantes fueron reclutados de forma no probabilística y voluntaria en dos competiciones internacionales. Inicialmente, se analizaron 130 jugadores de tenis (78,5% varones). Para medir el burnout, se utilizó del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Los resultados mostraron que 10% de jugadores de tenis están con riesgo moderado de burnout, 3.1% están con alto riesgo de burnout y 2,3% están con burnout. En el análisis fueron identificadas cinco categorías: Burnout recurrente, burnout en jugadores en la transición de la carrera, cambio en los niveles de burnout, burnout relacionado a un alto nivel de expectativas, burnout relacionado al overtraining. Estos resultados refuerzan los modelos más recientes de burnout em atletas que lo apuntan como un fenómeno complejo que puede manifestarse de diferentes maneras, dependiendo de las características del atleta y experiencias en el deporte.O objetivo deste estudo foi identi'car a prevalência de tenistas com alto risco de burnout e em uma amostra representativa de tenistas infanto-juvenis brasileiros de elite e analisar esses tenistas por meio de uma abordagem multicaso. Este estudo multicaso foi realizado a partir de uma pesquisa descritiva e transversal. Os participantes foram seleccionados de forma não probabilística a esmo e por voluntariado em duas competições internacionais. Inicialmente, foram analisado 130 tenistas (78,5% do sexo masculino). Para mensurar o burnout, o Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) foi utilizado. Os resultados mostraram que 10% dos tenistas apresentaram risco moderado de burnout, 3,1% apresentaram alto risco de burnout e 2,3% estavam com burnout. Após a análise dos tenistas com alto risco de burnout e com burnout foram identificadas cinco categorias de burnout: Burnout recorrente, burnout na transição de carreira, transição nos níveis de burnout, burnout relacionado a altas expectativas e burnout relacionado ao overtraining. Esses achados reforçam os modelos teóricos mais recentes do burnout em atletas, um fenômeno complexo que pode se manifestar de diferentes maneiras em função das características dos atletas e experiências vividas dentro do esporte

Mood states and sports results of a team throughout the second phase of the national futsal league

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o humor de atletas profissionais de futsal durante a segunda fase da Liga Futsal Brasileira 2012. A amostra foi composta por 15 atletas do sexo masculino e o instrumento utilizado para avaliação foi a Escala de Humor de Brunel. Os resultados mostram que houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05) dos estados de humor no dia anterior, pré-jogo e pós-jogo. A equipe apresentou estados de humor correspondente ao perfil iceberg em quase todos os momentos: vigor constante e elevado, com exceção do pós-jogo nas derrotas; e fadiga com índices baixos, que se apresentaram elevadas no pós-jogo. Conclui-se que os estados de humor podem intervir positivamente ou negativamente no desempenho esportivo da equipe.This study evaluated the moods states of professional futsal players during the second phase of the Brazilian Futsal League 2012. The sample was composed of 15 male athletes and the instrument used for evaluation was the Brunel Mood Scale. The results show that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in mood states on the previous day, pre-game and post-game. The team presented mood states corresponding to the iceberg profile in almost all times: constant and high vigor, except for the post-game defeats, and fatigue with low levels, which were elevated in the post-game. It was concluded that mood states can positively or negatively interfere with team sports performance

Estados de Humor e Resultado Esportivo de Uma Equipe ao Longo da Segunda Fase da Liga Nacional de Futsal

This study evaluated the moods states of professional futsal players during the second phase of the Brazilian Futsal League 2012. The sample was composed of 15 male athletes and the instrument used for evaluation was the Brunel Mood Scale. The results show that there were significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in mood states on the previous day, pre-game and post-game. The team presented mood states corresponding to the iceberg profile in almost all times: constant and high vigor, except for the post-game defeats, and fatigue with low levels, which were elevated in the post-game. It was concluded that mood states can positively or negatively interfere with team sports performance.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o humor de atletas profissionais de futsal durante a segunda fase da Liga Futsal Brasileira 2012. A amostra foi composta por 15 atletas do sexo masculino e o instrumento utilizado para avaliação foi a Escala de Humor de Brunel. Os resultados mostram que houve diferenças significativas (p&lt;0,05) dos estados de humor no dia anterior, pré-jogo e pós-jogo. A equipe apresentou estados de humor correspondente ao perfil&nbsp;iceberg&nbsp;em quase todos os momentos: vigor constante e elevado, com exceção do pós-jogo nas derrotas; e fadiga com índices baixos, que se apresentaram elevadas no pós-jogo. Conclui-se que os estados de humor podem intervir positivamente ou negativamente no desempenho esportivo da equipe