Hybrid Model For Word Prediction Using Naive Bayes and Latent Information

Historically, the Natural Language Processing area has been given too much attention by many researchers. One of the main motivation beyond this interest is related to the word prediction problem, which states that given a set words in a sentence, one can recommend the next word. In literature, this problem is solved by methods based on syntactic or semantic analysis. Solely, each of these analysis cannot achieve practical results for end-user applications. For instance, the Latent Semantic Analysis can handle semantic features of text, but cannot suggest words considering syntactical rules. On the other hand, there are models that treat both methods together and achieve state-of-the-art results, e.g. Deep Learning. These models can demand high computational effort, which can make the model infeasible for certain types of applications. With the advance of the technology and mathematical models, it is possible to develop faster systems with more accuracy. This work proposes a hybrid word suggestion model, based on Naive Bayes and Latent Semantic Analysis, considering neighbouring words around unfilled gaps. Results show that this model could achieve 44.2% of accuracy in the MSR Sentence Completion Challenge

Presence of a Human Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Clone in Captivity Kept Psittacidaes

Bacterial cultures of cloaca swabs from 86 captivity kept psittacidaes revealed 17 Escherichia coli bearing birds sharing strains which, on the basis of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR analysis, proved to be genetically similar. Further, triplex PCR specific for the genetic markers chuA, yjaA, and TSPE4.C2 was used to assign the strains to the E. coli reference collection (EcoR) B2 group. One strain of each, from the enteropathogenic (EPEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC) and Shiga toxin (STEC) E. coli pathovars were found among these isolates

Implications of flexible spacer rotational processes on the liquid crystal behavior of 4,5-dihydroisoxazole benzoate dimers

The synthesis of some novel non-symmetric liquid crystal dimers, {3-[4-(octyloxyphenyl)]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl}alkyl 4-(decyloxy)benzoates (5a–d) and 4-{3-[4-(octyloxyphenyl)]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl}alkyl 4-{[6-(octyloxy)naphthalen-2-yl]ethynyl}benzoate (9a–d), are reported. The liquid-crystalline properties, theoretical calculations based on the conformational aspects of the flexible alkyl spacer and X-ray experiments are discussed. The syntheses of the key intermediates, 2-{3-[4-(octyloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl}alkanol (3a–d), presenting the flexible alkyl spacer were achieved through [3+2] cycloaddition reactions between nitrile oxides, which were generated in situ by oxidation of the respective aromatic oximes, and dipolarophile alkenols (CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CH(CH2)nOH, n = 1, 2, 3, and 4). The benzoates 5a–d were synthesized through esterification of 3a–d and p-n-decyloxybenzoic acid (4). The esters 9a–d were synthesized through derivatization of isoxazolines 3a–d into 4-{3-[4-(octyloxyphenyl)]-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl}alkyl 4-bromobenzoate (7a–d) followed by a Sonogashira reaction with 2-ethynyl-6-octyloxynaphthalene (8). 5a and 5b showed a monotropic smectic C phase. 9a/c displayed a enantiotropic nematic (N) mesophase, whereas 9b/d showed a monotropic nematic mesophase. No mesophase was observed for 7a–d. An odd–even effect was observed for 5a–d and 9a–d associated with the crystal to isotropic phase transition and crystal to nematic phase, respectively, as the length of the spacer was increased from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The transitional properties were higher for odd-numbered members (n = 1 and 3) for all of the series studied. The X-ray data of compounds 5a and 5b are in agreement with polarizing optical microscopy observations with the assignment of an SmC mesophase. Density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP hybrid functional with the level 6-311G(d,p) basis set were performed for molecules 5a–d to correlate the conformation of the flexible spacer and the transitional properties. The conformational analysis showed that the most stable conformation for 5a–d is one where all of the carbon atoms of the flexible spacer are orientated at 180° (antiperiplanar orientation) except for 5a because the spacer is too short. The odd-numbered members have a more bent shape and are less elongated molecules than the even-numbered members. Thus, mesomorphic behavior is dictated by the conformational constraint imposed by the flexible spacer on the mesogenic groups

Determinants of the Sympatric Host-Pathogen Relationship in Tuberculosis

Major contributions from pathogen genome analysis and host genetics have equated the possibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-evolution with its human host leading to more stable sympatric host-pathogen relationships. However, the attribution to either sympatric or allopatric categories depends on the resolution or grain of genotypic characterization. We explored the influence on the sympatric host-pathogen relationship of clinical (HIV infection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis [MDRTB]) and demographic (gender and age) factors in regards to the genotypic grain by using spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) for classification of M. tuberculosis strains within the Euro-American lineage. We analyzed a total of 547 tuberculosis (TB) cases, from six year consecutive sampling in a setting with high TB-HIV coinfection (32.0%). Of these, 62.0% were caused by major circulating pathogen genotypes. The sympatric relationship was defined according to spoligotype in comparison to the international spoligotype database SpolDB4. While no significant association with Euro-American lineage was observed with any of the factors analyzed, increasing the resolution with spoligotyping evidenced a significant association of MDRTB with sympatric strains, regardless of the HIV status. Furthermore, distribution curves of the prevalence of sympatric and allopatric TB in relation to patients' age showed an accentuation of the relevance of the age of onset in the allopatric relationship, as reflected in the trimodal distribution. On the contrary, sympatric TB was characterized by the tendency towards a typical (standard) distribution curve. Our results suggest that within the Euro-American lineage a greater degree of genotyping fine-tuning is necessary in modeling the biological processes behind the host-pathogen interplay. Furthermore, prevalence distribution of sympatric TB to age was suggestive of host genetic determinisms driven by more common variants.Luso-American Development Foundation: (LACR Award program - 2007), European Community fund: (FEDER)

Alterações nos atributos químicos do solo proveniente da adição de fontes alternativas portadoras de potássio.

Dada a enorme geodiversidade que ocorre no Brasil, a tecnologia da aplicação de pó de rocha (rochagem) configura-se como uma excelente alternativa ao fornecimento de nutrientes no solo. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de fontes alternativas de nutrientes nos atributos químicos do solo em um experimento de incubação realizado em casa de vegetação. Foi conduzido em vasos com 5 kg preenchidos com um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico de textura média, com teor de K (Mehlich-1) de 0,06 cmolc dm-3 de solo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e os tratamentos foram distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 5 x 9 x 3, sendo cinco doses de potássio (0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 kg ha-1 de K2O) e nove fontes alternativas de nutrientes (verdete, 25C:75V, verdete tratado com NH4OH, ultramáfica, 25C:75U, fonolito, 25C:75F, resíduo de mineração, 25C:75R), com três repetições. As fontes alternativas de nutrientes foram aplicadas e incorporadas ao solo, deixando-os em incubação por um período de 45 dias, com a umidade em torno de 70% da capacidade de campo, e, após isto, foram feitas análises do solo. Os fertilizantes potássicos alteraram a disponibilidade de nutrientes, sendo que o resíduo de mineração e sua mistura foram os que mais liberaram K para o solo em todas as doses testadas

Fontes alternativas de potássio para a nutrição da Brachiaria Brizantha cv Marandu.

As gramíneas forrageiras são relativamente exigentes em potássio (K), principalmente em sistemas intensivos de exploração das pastagens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de fontes alternativas de nutrientes na produção e nutrição do capim Marandu cultivado em casa de vegetação. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos com 5 kg preenchidos com um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico de textura média, com teor de K (Mehlich-1) de 0,06 cmolc dm-3 no solo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 5 x 10 x 3, sendo cinco doses de potássio (0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 kg ha-1 de K2O) e nove fontes alternativas de nutrientes (verdete, 25C:75V, verdete tratado com NH4OH, ultramáfica, 25C:75U, fonolito, 25C:75F, resíduo de mineração, 25C:75R) e KCl com três repetições. As fontes alternativas de nutrientes foram aplicadas e incorporadas ao solo, deixando-os em incubação por um período de 45 dias, com a umidade de 70% da capacidade de campo. Foram semeadas 30 sementes por vasos, fez o desbaste deixando cinco plantas por vasos. Após 60 dias após o desbate foi feito o 1º corte das plantas, os demais cortes foram feitos 40 dias depois, totalizando 4 cortes. Quantificou-se a matéria seca (MS) nas partes das plantas, (folhas + colmo + bainha) e raiz. Determinou-se o teor de potássio na parte aérea e a eficiência agronômica (E.A) das rochas. A adubação potássica proporcionou incrementos na produção de matéria seca. A EA da mistura 25C:75R e da ultramáfica foram maiores que a do KCl

Fracionamento de potássio em solos adubados com fontes alternativas.

A maioria dos solos brasileiros é constituída por solos ácidos e pobres em nutrientes. Para torná-los produtivos, são utilizadas grandes quantidades de fertilizantes, que englobam cerca de 40% dos custos variáveis de produção. Dessa forma, buscou-se com este trabalho quantificar as diferentes formas de potássio advindos da aplicação de rochas e resíduo no solo. Foram utilizadas amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico de textura média, ao qual foram adicionadas as seguintes fontes alternativas de nutrientes: fonolito, mistura de fonolito, verdete, mistura de verdete, verdete tratado com NH4OH e calcinado (verdete NH4OH), ultramáfica, mistura de ultramáfica, resíduo de mineração de manganês e sua mistura. Com os dados obtidos, foi verificado que os teores de potássio total diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos e as doses de K2O aplicadas, sendo maior nas maiores doses, com exceção do 25:75V, ultramáfica e 25:75U que diferiram apenas em relação à dose zero. Os valores de K na solução são baixos, evidenciando solos bem intemperizados. Notou-se ainda que os tratamentos aplicados resultam na liberação lenta de potássio

Optimization of robotized welding in aluminum alloys with pulsed transfer mode using the Taguchi method

In order to obtain an optimal combination of welding parameters to weld an aluminum alloy (6082-T6) with MIG (Metal Inert Gas) it was used an L27 Taguchi orthogonal array. The array originated 27 different combinations that gives rise to 27 welding programs for the metal pulsed spray mode. The welds were made in aluminum bars using an industrial robot. All welds were repeated three times to ensure string repeatability. Metallographic tests were performed on the weld beads for measuring the width bead, penetration and reinforcement. Measurement data was analyzed for signal/noise and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Applying the Taguchi’s method, an optimal combination of welding parameters was reached.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Etrace Express: software for risk analysis of trace elements in inorganic fertilizers - user's manual and reference guide.

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