GUIDE TO AUTHORS

General Instructionsª¤?Authors should submit electronic copy of the manuscript to:[email protected] [email protected].ª¤?Correspondence on the manuscript should thereafter be to:ª¤?The Editor«¤??in«¤??Chief, Journal of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Technology, ª¤?Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Postcode 110001. Ogun State,ª¤? Nigeria.ª¤?Papers published in the Journal should be based on original research or continuation of previous studies that are reproducible. Papers to be published in the Review Section should be authoritative, topical and very current.ª¤?Manuscripts should be typed on A4 (216 x 279mm) paper, double spaced with wide margins (2.54cm) and line numbered where possible.ª¤?Text: Should appear in the following order: Title, Authors«¤?? names, Address of Authors, e- mail address and Telephone number, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgements, References. Tables, Figures Legends and Figures should be embedded in the relevant section of the text.ª¤? Main section headings should be bold, centered and upper case letters. Do not underline the title or section headings. Subsections may be included and only the first letter of the subsection should be capitalized. Avoid excessive fragmentation of the paper.ª¤?Use SI units of measurement, and italicize all Latin words and scientific names. Use numerals before standard units of measurements, e.g., 3 g, 9 days; 36 hrs; otherwise use words for numbers one to nine and numerals for larger numbers. For commonly used terms and abbreviations, consult the latest edition of Council of Biological Editors. Non Standard abbreviations should be avoided, and where used, they should be explained at their first mentioning.ª¤?Title: Should be brief and reflect the main theme of the paper.ª¤?By «¤?? Line: Authors«¤?? names should appear below the title and below which the institutional address and e-mail should be typed.ª¤?Abstract: An abstract in English should include key words, arranged alphabetically using only the first letter of the key words.ª¤?ª¤? Abstracts should beª¤? limited to < 200 words, and should contain salient features of the study, briefly indicating method of study, results, and the main conclusion. Single solid lines should separate the by «¤?? line material from the Abstract, and the Abstract from the main text. A short running title should be included. 6 keywords should be typed in.ª¤?Introduction: Provide a survey of literature and clearly justify the need for the study.ª¤?Materials and Methods: This should be informative enough to enable readers to interpret the results obtained. Particular attention should be paid to the design, analysis and statistics.ª¤

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

 Latin words and scientific names. Use numerals before standard units of meas- Authors should submit electronic copy of the urements, e.g., 3g, 9 days; 36 hrs; other- manuscript to: wise use words for numbers one to nine [email protected] and and numerals for larger numbers. For [email protected]. commonly used terms and abbreviations, 2 copies of the manuscript should thereafter consult a very good dictionary. Non Stan- be sent to: dard abbreviations should be avoided, and where used, they should be explained at The Editor–In–Chief, Journal of Humani- their first mention. ties, Social Sciences and Creative Arts, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B Footnotes should be avoided in favour of 2240, Abeokuta, Postcode 110001. Ogun endnotes (and these only where absolutely State, Nigeria

Book review: Guide to L ATEX, 4 th Edition

I believe I should point out at the beginning that my wife has a t-shirt which reads “My next husband will be normal”. However the problem is deeper than that. I seem to be attracted to groups where the whole membership is not normal, for example, the local Linux users group. Reading the Kopka and Daly book I have come to the conclusion that one should not consider TEX users to be normal either. And I think it is important to keep this in mind. This whole issue arose when I started by looking at the cover and introductory material to see what the authors ’ objective was. I found “how to begin using LATEX ” right on the back cover. Against this backdrop I began to read. By chapter 2 I began t

Unloading knee brace is a cost-effective method to bridge and delay surgery in unicompartmental knee arthritis

AbstractBackground Unloading knee braces can provide good short-term pain relief for some patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis (UOA). Their cost is relatively small compared with surgical interventions. However, no previous studies have reported their use over a duration of 5 years or more.Methods Up to 8 years of prospective data were collected from 63 patients who presented with UOA. After conservative management with analgesia and physiotherapy, patients were offered an unloading brace. EQ-5D (EuroQol five dimensions) questionnaires were collected at baseline and after wearing the brace. Cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were compared with a total knee replacement (TKR) with an 8-month waiting duration and 8 years of results.Results Patients experienced a mean increase in EQ-5D of 0.42 with an average duration of wear of 26.1 months resulting in an increase of 0.44 in QALYs with a mean cost of £625. The adoption of an unloader knee brace was found to be a short-term cost-effective treatment option with an 8-month incremental cost effectiveness ratio of £9599. Compared with no treatment, the unloader knee brace can be considered cost effective at 4 months or more. At 8 years follow-up, the unloader knee brace demonstrated QALYs gain of 0.43 and with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of -£6467 compared with TKR.Conclusion Unloading knee braces are cost effective for the management of UOA. These findings strongly support the undertaking of further research into the long-term impact of unloading knee brace. The unloader knee brace has benefits to the National Health Service for capacity, budget, waiting list duration, frequency of surgery and reducing the required severity of surgical intervention

Assessing and augmenting SCADA cyber security: a survey of techniques

SCADA systems monitor and control critical infrastructures of national importance such as power generation and distribution, water supply, transportation networks, and manufacturing facilities. The pervasiveness, miniaturisations and declining costs of internet connectivity have transformed these systems from strictly isolated to highly interconnected networks. The connectivity provides immense benefits such as reliability, scalability and remote connectivity, but at the same time exposes an otherwise isolated and secure system, to global cyber security threats. This inevitable transformation to highly connected systems thus necessitates effective security safeguards to be in place as any compromise or downtime of SCADA systems can have severe economic, safety and security ramifications. One way to ensure vital asset protection is to adopt a viewpoint similar to an attacker to determine weaknesses and loopholes in defences. Such mind sets help to identify and fix potential breaches before their exploitation. This paper surveys tools and techniques to uncover SCADA system vulnerabilities. A comprehensive review of the selected approaches is provided along with their applicability

Reducing cardiovascular disease in a rural community

In this case report, we describe the one-year formative phase of a five-year study to develop, implement, and test a community health worker (CHW)-delivered cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention intervention. The purpose of the formative phase was to engage community partners in the adaptation of an existing evidence-based CVD prevention intervention to fit the needs and preferences of a rural, predominantly African-American community. The formative work was guided by a framework for adapting evidence-based interventions and involved engaging stakeholders in assessing the intervention's fit with the local context and then applying assessment findings to iteratively adapt the intervention's contents, materials, and delivery methods. Findings from the formative work were then applied to develop CHW position descriptions, workflow diagrams, and a training plan. Findings also were applied to adapt intervention materials and protocols to fit the needs of the community. This case report illustrates how community-engaged formative work can be applied to adapt an evidence-based intervention to fit community needs and resources

A descriptive exploratory study of how admissions caused by medication-related harm are documented within inpatients' medical records.

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions, poor patient adherence and errors, here collectively referred to as medication-related harm (MRH), cause around 2.7-8.0% of UK hospital admissions. Communication gaps between successive healthcare providers exist, but little is known about how MRH is recorded in inpatients' medical records. We describe the presence and quality of MRH documentation for patients admitted to a London teaching hospital due to MRH. Additionally, the international classification of disease 10th revision (ICD-10) codes attributed to confirmed MRH-related admissions were studied to explore appropriateness of their use to identify these patients. METHODS: Clinical pharmacists working on an admissions ward in a UK hospital identified patients admitted due to suspected MRH. Six different data sources in each patient's medical record, including the discharge summary, were subsequently examined for MRH-related information. Each data source was examined for statements describing the MRH: symptom and diagnosis, identification of the causative agent, and a statement of the action taken or considered. Statements were categorised as 'explicit' if unambiguous or 'implicit' if open to interpretation. ICD-10 codes attributed to confirmed MRH cases were recorded. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients were identified over 141 data collection days; 75 met our inclusion criteria. MRH documentation was generally present (855 of 1307 statements were identified; 65%), and usually explicit (705 of 855; 82%). The causative agent had the lowest proportion of explicit statements (139 of 201 statements were explicit; 69%). For two (3%) discharged patients, the causal agent was documented in their paper medical record but not on the discharge summary. Of 64 patients with a confirmed MRH diagnosis at discharge, only six (9%) had a MRH-related ICD-10 code. CONCLUSIONS: Availability of information in the paper medical record needs improving and communication of MRH-related information could be enhanced by using explicit statements and documenting reasons for changing medications. ICD-10 codes underestimate the true occurrence of MRH