Charged Lepton Masses as a Possible CPV Source

We realize a model-independent study of the so-called Tri-Bi-Maximal pattern of leptonic flavor mixing. Different charged lepton mass matrix textures are studied. In particular, we are interested in those textures with a minimum number of parameters and that are able to reproduce the current experimental data on neutrino oscillation. The textures studied here form an equivalent class with two texture zeros. We obtain a Tri-Bi-Maximal pattern deviation in terms of the charged leptons masses, leading to a reactor angle and three CP violation phases non-zero. These lastest are one CP violation phase Dirac-like and two phases Majorana-like. Also, we can test the phenomenological implications of the numerical values obtained for the mixing angles and CP violation phases, on the neutrinoless double beta decay, and in the present and upcoming experiments on long-base neutrino oscillation, such as T2K, NOvA, and DUNE

Relación Entre Prácticas Parentales Y El Nivel De Asertividad, Agresividad Y Rendimiento Académico En Adolescentes

The behaviors that parents use to educate their adolescent children can influence various aspects of their psychosocial performance, either by promoting the development of behavioral skills or by associating with behavioral problems, aggressiveness or depressive and anxious symptoms. The objective of the study was to know the relationship of parental practices with the level of assertiveness, aggressiveness and academic performance in a sample of young Mexican adolescents. Participated 565 students of a Mexican public secondary, with an average age of 13.01 years. Two instruments, the Parental Practice Scale for Adolescents (Andrade & Betancourt, 2008) and the Assertive Behavior Scale (Michelson & Wood, 1982) were applied individually, in addition, the students' average school grades were obtained. Mean scores indicated aggressive behavior patterns throughout the sample, significantly higher in males (p <.05). The maternal practices of Communication, Autonomy, and Behavioral Control correlated with the level of assertiveness in the young, and with their school average; both indicators, significantly higher in adolescent females compared to males. Paternal practices correlated with the level of assertiveness and aggressiveness in males

Principios de econometría

Es un texto basado en la experiencia docente en el programa de Ingeniería Financiera y de Negocios del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano. Busca de manera amigable dar mayor comprensión a los temas ofrecidos en la mayoría de cursos de econometría, porque proporciona un repaso por el modelo clásico de regresión lineal, la bondad de ajuste de los modelos, variables dummy y modelos probabilísticos.Based on the teaching experience of a professor in the Business and Finance Engineering program at Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, this volume aims to provide insight on the topics that are taught in most econometrics courses in a friendly way by reviewing the classical linear regression model, the goodness of fit of models, dummy variables and probabilistic models

Capacitively Coupled Electrical Stimulation of Rat Chondroepiphysis Explants: A Histomorphometric Analysis

[EN] The growth plate is a cartilaginous layer present from the gestation period until the end of puberty where it ossifies joining diaphysis and epiphysis. During this period several endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine processes within the growth plate are carried out by chondrocytes; therefore, a disruption in cellular functions may lead to pathologies affecting bone development. It is known that electric fields impact the growth plate; however, parameters such as stimulation time and electric field intensity are not well documented. Accordingly, this study presents a histomorphometrical framework to assess the effect of electric fields on chondroepiphysis ex-plants. Bones were stimulated with 3.5 and 7 mV/cm, and for each electric field two exposure times were tested for 30 days (30 min and 1 h). Results evidenced that electric fields increased the hypertrophic zones compared with controls. In addition, a stimulation of 3.5 mV/cm applied for 1 h preserved the columnar cell density and its orientation. Moreover, a pre-hypertrophy differentiation in the center of the chondroepiphysis was observed when explants were stimulated during 1 h with both electric fields. These findings allow the understanding of the effect of electrical stimulation over growth plate organization and how the stimulation modifies chondrocytes morphophysiology.This research was supported by COLCIENCIAS Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation. The authors gratefully thank the research support from the Biotechnology Institute of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, for providing the lab space at the Biomimetics Laboratory and the reactants to perform the experimental approach of this study. Research reported in this publication was supported by COLCIENCIAS Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Announcement 712-2015 Grant No 50457).Vaca-González, JJ.; Escobar, J.; Guevara, J.; Hata, YA.; Gallego Ferrer, G.; Garzón-Alvarado, DA. (2019). Capacitively Coupled Electrical Stimulation of Rat Chondroepiphysis Explants: A Histomorphometric Analysis. Bioelectrochemistry. 126:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.11.004S11112

A detailed analysis of the Gl 486 planetary system

Context. The Gl 486 system consists of a very nearby, relatively bright, weakly active M3.5 V star at just 8 pc with a warm transiting rocky planet of about 1.3 R-circle plus and 3.0 M-circle plus. It is ideal for both transmission and emission spectroscopy and for testing interior models of telluric planets. Aims. To prepare for future studies, we aim to thoroughly characterise the planetary system with new accurate and precise data collected with state-of-the-art photometers from space and spectrometers and interferometers from the ground. Methods. We collected light curves of seven new transits observed with the CHEOPS space mission and new radial velocities obtained with MAROON-X at the 8.1 m Gemini North telescope and CARMENES at the 3.5 m Calar Alto telescope, together with previously published spectroscopic and photometric data from the two spectrographs and TESS. We also performed near-infrared interferometric observations with the CHARA Array and new photometric monitoring with a suite of smaller telescopes (AstroLAB, LCOGT, OSN, TJO). This extraordinary and rich data set was the input for our comprehensive analysis. Results. From interferometry, we measure a limb-darkened disc angular size of the star Gl 486 at theta(LDD) = 0.390 +/- 0.018 mas. Together with a corrected Gaia EDR3 parallax, we obtain a stellar radius R-* = 0.339 +/- 0.015 R-circle plus. We also measure a stellar rotation period at P-rot = 49.9 +/- 5.5 days, an upper limit to its XUV (5-920 A) flux informed by new Hubble/STIS data, and, for the first time, a variety of element abundances (Fe, Mg, Si, V, Sr, Zr, Rb) and C/O ratio. Moreover, we imposed restrictive constraints on the presence of additional components, either stellar or sub-stellar, in the system. With the input stellar parameters and the radial-velocity and transit data, we determine the radius and mass of the planet Gl 486 b at R-p = 1.343(-0.062)(+0.063) R-circle plus and M-p = 3.00(-0.12)(+0.13) M-circle plus, with relative uncertainties of the planet radius and mass of 4.7% and 4.2%, respectively. From the planet parameters and the stellar element abundances, we infer the most probable models of planet internal structure and composition, which are consistent with a relatively small metallic core with respect to the Earth, a deep silicate mantle, and a thin volatile upper layer. With all these ingredients, we outline prospects for Gl 486 b atmospheric studies, especially with forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope (Webb) observations.The David & Lucile Packard FoundationHeising-Simons FoundationGemini ObservatoryUniversity of ChicagoMax Planck SocietyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)Spanish GovernmentEuropean Commission FICTS-2011-02 ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4 CAHA16-CE-3978German Research Foundation (DFG) FOR2544National Science Foundation (NSF) AST-1636624 AST-2034336 2108465 DGE 1746045European Research Council (ERC) 639889National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) XRP NNX16AD43GNational Science Foundation (NSF) AST 1909165Wise Observatory, Tel-Aviv University, Israel TAU2021A-015Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades and the ERDF PID2019-109522GB-C5[1:4] PID2019-107061GBC64 PID2019-110689RB-100 PGC2018-095317-B-C21 PGC2018-102108-BI00Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" CEX2019-000920-SCentre of Excellence "Maria de Maeztu" CEX2019-000920-SInstituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia SEV-2017-0709Centro de Astrobiologia MDM2017-0737German Research Foundation (DFG)European Commission FOR2544 (KU 3625/2-1)Germany's Excellence Strategy to the Excellence Cluster ORIGINS EXC-2094 -390783311European Research Council (ERC)European Commission 639889Bulgarian National Science Fund through VIHREN-2021 KP-06-DB/5Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung/Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique PZ00P2_174028United Kingdom Science Technology and Facilities Council 630008203Princeton UniversityUniversidad La Laguna through the Margarita Salas Fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de UniversidadesEU Next Generation funds UNI/551/2021Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA programme

The electrical double layer for a fully asymmetric electrolyte around a spherical colloid: an integral equation study

The hypernetted chain/mean spherical approximation (HNC/MSA) integral equation is obtained and solved numerically for a totally asymmetric primitive model electrolyte around a spherical macroparticle. The ensuing radial distribution functions show a very good agreement when compared to our Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations for spherical geometry and with respect to previous anisotropic reference HNC calculations in the planar limit. We report an analysis of the potential vs charge relationship, radial distribution functions, mean electrostatic potential and cumulative reduced charge for representative cases of 1:1 and 2:2 salts with a size asymmetry ratio of 2. Our results are collated with those of the Modified Gouy-Chapman (MGC) and unequal radius Modified Gouy-Chapman (URMGC) theories and with those of HNC/MSA in the restricted primitive model (RPM) to assess the importance of size asymmetry effects. One of the most striking characteristics found is that,\textit{contrary to the general belief}, away from the point of zero charge the properties of an asymmetric electrical double layer (EDL) are not those corresponding to a symmetric electrolyte with the size and charge of the counterion, i.e. \textit{counterions do not always dominate}. This behavior suggests the existence of a new phenomenology in the EDL that genuinely belongs to a more realistic size-asymmetric model where steric correlations are taken into account consistently. Such novel features can not be described by traditional mean field theories like MGC, URMGC or even by enhanced formalisms, like HNC/MSA, if they are based on the RPM.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figure

Composition of free and adherent ruminal bacteria: inaccuracyof the microbial nutrient supply estimates obtained using freebacteria as reference samples and 15N as the marker

Previous studies have indicated that 15N enrichment of solid-associated bacteria (SAB) may be predicted from the same value in liquid-associated bacteria (LAB). The aims of this study were to confirm this and to measure the error in the nutrient supply from SAB, when LAB are used as the reference sample. For this purpose, the chemical and amino acid (AA) compositions of both the bacterial populations were studied in four experiments carried out on different groups of three rumen cannulated wethers. Diets (one in Experiments 1 and 4 and three in Experiments 2 and 3) had forage-to-concentrate ratios (dry matter (DM) basis) between 2 : 1 and 40 : 60, and were consumed at intake levels between 40 and 75 g DM/kg (BW) 0.75. The bacteria samples were isolated after continuous infusion of ( 15NH 4) 2SO 4 (40, 18, 30 and 25 mg 15N/day, in Experiments 1 to 4, respectively) for at least 14 days. In all experiments, SAB had consistently higher concentrations of organic matter (826 v. 716 g/kg DM, as average) and total lipids (192 v. 95 g/kg DM, as average) than LAB. Similar CP concentrations of both populations were observed, except a higher concentration in SAB than in LAB in Experiment 3. A consistent (in Experiment 4 only as tendency) higher AA-N/total N ratio (on average 17.5%) was observed in SAB than in LAB. The 15N enrichment in SAB was systematically lower than in LAB. On the basis of the results of all studies a close relationship was found between the 15N enrichment in SAB and LAB, which was shown irrespective of experiments. This relationship was established from Experiments 1 and 2 and the above cited previous results (n = 20; P < 0.001; R 2 = 0.996), and then confirmed from the results of Experiments 3 and 4. These relationships between SAB and LAB demonstrate that CP supply from SAB is underevaluated by, on average, 21.2% when LAB are used as the reference. This underevaluation was higher for true protein and even higher for the lipid supply (32.5% and 59.6%, respectively, as an average of the four experiments). Large differences in AA profile were observed between SAB and LAB. The prediction equation obtained using 15N as the marker may be used to correct the errors associated with the traditional use of LAB as the reference sample, and therefore to obtain more accurate estimates of the microbial nutrient supply to the ruminants. © Copyright The Animal Consortium 2011.Financial support was provided by the CICYT funded Projects AGL 2001-3662, AGL 2005-01712 and AGL 2006-08300. Analyses of 15N isotope ratios were performed at the Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigacio´ n, Universidad Auto´ noma de Madrid, Spain.González, J.; Arroyo, J.; Ouarti, M.; Guevara-González, J.; Rodríguez, C.; Alvir, M.; Moya Salvador, VJ.... (2012). Composition of free and adherent ruminal bacteria: inaccuracyof the microbial nutrient supply estimates obtained using freebacteria as reference samples and 15N as the marker. Animal. 6(3):468-475. https://doi.org/10.1017/S17517311110018074684756

Relação entre assertividade, desempenho acadêmico e ansiedade numa amostra de estudantes mexicanos de secundária

Las habilidades sociales, en su forma más avanzada, están dirigidas a resolver problemas inmediatos de la situación, a la vez que minimizan la probabilidad de futuros problemas. Específicamente, la habilidad reconocida como asertividad puede guardar una relación con el rendimiento académico y el nivel de ansiedad en adolescentes. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer la relación entre el nivel de asertividad, el rendimiento académico y diversos componentes de la ansiedad en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria, así como explorar posibles diferencias por sexo. Para esto, se hace un análisis descriptivo y correlacional, donde se utilizan dos instrumentos: la Escala de Conducta Asertiva para Niños y la Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Niños (revisada); además del promedio de calificaciones como indicador del rendimiento académico. Se utilizó una muestra de 535 adolescentes (54.6 % mujeres y 45.4 % hombres), con un promedio de edad de 13.01 años (DE = .74, rango de 11 a 17 años). Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados y conveniencia, donde se abarcó la totalidad de los alumnos de los dos primeros grados escolares de una escuela pública del Estado de Hidalgo. Los resultados indican diferencias por sexo en todas las variables de estudio y correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre asertividad y ansiedad (r = .182, p < .01), entre rendimiento académico y asertividad (r = -.203, p < .01), y entre el rendimiento académico y el componente preocupaciones sociales de la escala de ansiedad (r = -.124, p < .01), aunque estas últimas fueron de baja magnitud.As habilidades sociais, em sua forma mais avançada, estão voltadas a resolver problemas imediatos da situação enquanto diminuem a probabilidade de futuros problemas. Isso também é conhecido pelo termo assertividade, variável que pode estabelecer relação com o desempenho acadêmico e com o nível de ansiedade em adolescentes. Esta pesquisa foi descritiva e correlacional, teve como objetivo conhecer a relação entre o nível de assertividade, o desempenho acadêmico e diversos componentes da ansiedade numa amostra de estudantes mexicanos de secundária (equivalente ao ensino médio no Brasil) , bem como explorar possíveis diferenças por sexo. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos: Escala de Comportamento Assertivo para Crianças e Escala de Ansiedade Manifestada em Crianças (revisada); a média de qualificações foi tomada como indicador de desempenho acadêmico. A amostra foi composta por 535 adolescentes (54.6 % mulheres, 45.4 % homens), com uma média de idade de 13.01 anos (DP =.74, na faixa dos 11 aos 17 anos). A amostra foi por conglomerados e conveniência, abrangendo a totalidade dos estudantes dos primeiros anos escolares de uma escola pública do estado de Hidalgo. Os resultados indicam diferenças por sexo em todas as variáveis de estudo. Também se encontraram correlações estatisticamente significativas: entre assertividade e ansiedade (r=.182, p<.01), entre desempenho acadêmico e assertividade (r= -.203, p<.01), e entre o desempenho acadêmico e o componente preocupações sociais da escala de ansiedade (r= -.124, p<.01), embora estas tenham sido de baixa magnitude.Social skills in their most advanced form are aimed at solving any immediate problems of a situation while minimizing the likelihood of future problems. This is also known as assertiveness, a variable that can be related to academic performance and the level of anxiety in adolescents. This research is descriptive and correlational with the aim of knowing the relationship between level of assertiveness, academic performance and various components of anxiety in a sample of Mexican high school or secondary students, as well as exploring possible differences related to sex. This study uses two instruments: Children’s Assertive Behavior Scale (CABS) and the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale™. The grade point average (GPA) was taken as an indicator of academic performance. The participants were 535 adolescents (54.6 % female, 45.4 % male), with a mean age of 13.01 years (std= .74, range 11 to 17 years). Cluster sampling and convenience sampling were used, encompassing all students in the first two grades of a public or state school in the state of Hidalgo. The results indicate sex differences in all study variables. We also found statistically significant correlations between assertiveness and anxiety (r= .182, p <.01), between academic performance and assertiveness (r= -.203, p <.01), and between academic performance and the social concerns component of the anxiety scale (r= -.124, p <.01), although these were low in magnitude

Efecto de la temperatura y del pH sobre el crecimiento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa MBLA-04 en solución mínima de sales con detergente Ace

Entre los diversos contaminantes de naturaleza orgánica de mayor trascendencia a nivel mundial se menciona a los detergentes que ocasionan variado impacto sobre el medio ambiente, provocando así un daño severo a la fauna y flora del sistema acuático; sin embargo, existen en el ambiente acuático ciertos microorganismos que degradan eficazmente dichos detergentes cuando predominan condiciones adecuadas de temperatura, pH, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto y otros; por consiguiente, en el presente trabajo se determinó el efecto de la de temperatura y el pH sobre el crecimiento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa MBLA-04 en una solución mínima de sales (caldo base) con detergente Ace a la concentración de 500 ppm. Se realizó un muestreo de las aguas residuales de pozas de oxidación de las lagunas de oxidación del sector Covicorti, que fueron sembradas en placas con agar cetrimide; luego, se realizó el aislamiento e identificación respectiva. Se construyó diez sistemas de biorreactores aireados y agitados, en donde se agregó el caldo base más detergente y la suspensión de P. aeruginosa MBLA-04 para lo cual se utilizó las temperaturas de 15, 25 y 35 °C en combinación con los pH 6, 7 y 8 según diseño factorial de 3x3. El crecimiento evaluado a los 3, 8 y 12 días fue constante mostrando ciertas diferencias no significativas en los tratamientos (p &gt; 0.05). Palabras clave: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biorreactores, temperatura, pH, salinida

Ordenamiento de 13 forrajes según su producción acumulada de gas in vitro con heces bovinas depuestas como inóculo

With the aim of showing the usefulness of in vitro cumulative gas production using voided feces as inoculum to assist the nutritive valuation of forages for ruminants 13 samples, 10 of legumes were studied. The cumulative volumes of gas at different times were determined and the data fitted to a biphasic model that consider V=0 during the lag phase and V= B*(1-EXP(-C*(t-L))) the rest of the time. The forages were ordered according to the potential of gas to be produced (B) which was the greatest for G. sepium, a shrubby legume of good nutritive value, and lowest for sugar cane bagasse (highly lignified fiber of low digestibility) and for Ch. lineada (legume of high content of polyphenols). The use of clusters groups the forages in three different sets: i) high potential and average growth rate of production legumes; ii) all the gramineous, and the legumes with relatively lower specific growth rate and average production of gas, and; iii) the two acacias, with low potential but high growth rate of production.Con el fin de mostrar la utilidad del procedimiento de producción de gas in vitro con heces depuestas como inóculo para apoyar la valoración nutritiva de forrajes para rumiantes se estudiaron 13 muestras, 10 de ellas de leguminosas. Se determinó la producción acumulada de gas a diferentes horas y los datos se ajustaron al modelo bifásico que considera V=0 en la fase lag y V= B*(1-EXP(-C*(t-L))) a partir de la misma. Los forrajes se ordenaron por el valor del potencial de producción de gas (B) que resultó como mayor para la G. sepium, una leguminosa arbustiva de buen valor nutritivo y como peor para el bagazo (fibra lignificada de baja digestibilidad) y para Ch. lineada (leguminosa de elevado contenido de polifenoles). El uso de conglomerados agrupa los forrajes en tres conjuntos diferentes: i) leguminosas de alto potencial y velocidades medias de producción de gases; ii) todas las gramíneas, y las leguminosas con relativamente más bajas velocidades específicas y producción de gas media, y; iii) las dos acacias, con bajo potencial pero altas velocidades de producción