A study of twelve mothers' feelings about having their husband present during labor

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

SPILLOVERS AND THE RETURNS TO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOR POTATOES

Returns to investments in potato research were estimated for the United States and six subregions. The study combines time-series and cross-sectional data to estimate the supply response for potatoes. Two research variables, research within the state and within the region, were included as exogenous variables to identify spillovers of research results. The rate of return to investments in potato research in the U.S. is estimated at 79%. Of this, 31% accrues to states conducting the research and 69% is accounted for by the spillover effects.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

THE INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE OVENS ON THE DEMAND FOR FRESH AND FROZEN POTATOES

Growth in the number of homes with microwave ovens has changed food preferences and preparation methods. The objective of this study was to determine the impact that microwave oven ownership has had on the demand for fresh and frozen potatoes. Using data from the 1970-88 period, demand equations were estimated for fresh potatoes, frozen potatoes in the retail market and frozen potatoes in the food service market. Results indicate that increases in the percentage of homes that own microwave ovens have shifted demand outward for fresh potatoes but inward for frozen potatoes. If potato processors can develop a microwave frozen French fry that satisfies consumers, microwave ovens could boost the demand for frozen potatoes along with the increase in demand for fresh potatoes.Demand and Price Analysis,

An Evaluation of the Excitation Class Parameter for the Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae

The three main methods currently in use for estimating the excitation class of planetary nebulae (PNe) central stars are compared and evaluated using 586 newly discovered and previously known PNe in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). In order to achieve this we ran a series of evaluation tests using line ratios derived from de-reddened, flux calibrated spectra. Pronounced differences between the methods are exposed. Diagrams were created by comparing excitation classes with H-beta line fluxes. The best methods are then compared to published temperatures using the Zanstra method and assessed for their ability to reflect central star effective temperatures and evolution. As a result we call for a clarification of the term `excitation class' according to the different input parameters used. The first method, which we refer to as Exneb relies purely on the ratios of certain key emission lines. The second method, which we refer to as Ex* includes modeling to create a continuous variable and, for optically thick PNe in the Magellanic Clouds, is designed to relate more closely to intrinsic stellar parameters. The third method, we refer to as Ex [OIII]/H-beta since the [OIII]/H-beta ratio is used in isolation to other temperature diagnostics. Each of these methods is shown to have serious drawbacks when used as an indicator for central star temperature. Finally, we suggest a new method (Exrho) for estimating excitation class incorporating both the [OIII]/H-beta and the HeII4686 /H-beta ratios. Although any attempt to provide accurate central star temperatures using the excitation class derived from nebula lines will always be limited, we show that this new method provides a substantial improvement over previous methods with better agreement to temperatures derived through the Zanstra method.Comment: 14 pages, 18 figure. This peer reviewed paper has been accepted for publication in PAS

Using Corn, Wheat, Milo or Triticale for Egg Production

Triticale is a cereal hybrid of wheat and rye. Laying diets based on triticale, com, wheat or milo each were fed to 8 groups of 96 SCWL hens in cages. Two diets were formulated from each grain to contain 12.0 and 15.4% crude protein. The diets were designed to make maximum use of the grains. The only protein in the 12.0% triticale and wheat diets was that contained in the grain. Soybean meal was used to balance the other diets. Methionine and lysine were added to provide a minimum of 0.52% methionine plus cystine, and 0.50% lysine. The metabolizable energy of the diets ranged from 2900 to 2950 Gal. per kg. Egg production comparisons were based on the averages of 3 weeks preceeding the 9 week test period and the final 3 weeks

Early Cenozoic denudation of central west Britain in response to transient and permanent uplift above a mantle plume

Upwelling mantle plumes beneath continental crust are predicted to produce difficult to quantify, modest uplift and denudation. The contribution of permanent and transient components to the uplift is also difficult to distinguish. A pulse of denudation in Britain in the Early Paleogene has been linked, although with some controversy, with the arrival of the proto-Iceland mantle plume. In this contribution we show that combining apatite and zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He and apatite fission track analyses from central west Britain with numerical modeling clearly identifies a pulse of early Cenozoic denudation. The data indicate that rock uplift and denudation were centered on the northern East Irish Sea Basin and 1.0–2.4 km of rocks were removed during the latest Cretaceous-early Paleogene. Uplift and erosion appears to have started a few million years before the earliest magmatism in the region. The regional denudation pattern mirrors the distribution of low-density magmatic rocks that has been imaged in the deep crust. However, the injection of the underplating melt is not enough to account for the total denudation. An additional regional uplift of at least 300 m is required, which is consistent with a transient thermal effect from the hot mantle plume. The rapid exhumation event ceased by ~40 Ma and the data do not require significant Neogene exhumation