22 research outputs found
Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant succession on zinc smelter spoil heap In Katowice-Wełnowiec
Mycorrhizal status of plants colonising the zinc wastes in Katowice was surveyed. In total 69 vascular plant species (25 families) appearing on the investigated area have been noted. More than 60% of them were mycorrhizal. Non-mycorrhizal species, such as Cardaminopsis arenosa and Silene vulgaris dominated the early successional part of the zinc heap. Tussilago farfara was the only AM plant there, however, no arbusculcs were developed at this stage. The number of AM species was increased on the 20 years old part of the zinc wastes and on the older 30-50 years old areas. AM plants constituted about 60% of the total number of species there. The frequency of particular AM species was the highest on the oldest part of the investigated area. The usefulness of the results for restoration practices was discussed. Zbadano status mikoryzowy roślin hałdy pocynkowej w Katowicach-Welnowcu. Odnotowano 69 gatunków (z 25 rodzin). Ponad 60% z nich tworzyło mikoryzę. Gatunki niemikoryzowe, jak Caidaminopsis arenosa i Silenene inflata, dominowały na młodszych częściach hałdy. Tussilago farfara był tam jedynym gatunkiem mikoryzowym. jednak nie stwierdzono u niego arbuskul. Liczba gatunków mikoryzowych wzrosła na starszych częściach. Rośliny mikoryzowe stanowiły tam około 60% wszystkich gatunków. Częstość występowania gatunków mikoryzowych była najwyższa na najstarszej części hałdy. Przedyskutowano możliwość wykorzystania otrzymanych wyników w rekultywacji tego typu terenów
Arbuscular mycorrhiza of plants spontaneously colonizing the soda heap in Jaworzno (Southern Poland)
The results of studies of the mycorrhizal status of plant species spontaneously established on the soda heap located in Jaworzno (upper silesia, Poland) are presented. Additionally, the species of arbuscular fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota extracted from field-collected rhizosphere substrate samples of the heap are showed. Arbuscular mycorrhizae were described in 17 plant species. Five Glomus spp. were recognized in the spore populations of arbuscular fungi isolated. The investigation presented in this paper for the first time revealed Centaurea stoebe and Trifolium montanum to be hosts of arbuscular fungi
AM and DSE colonization of invasive plants in urban habitat: a study of Upper Silesia(southern Poland)
Interactions between invasive plants and root
endophytes may contribute to the exploration of plant invasion
causes. Twenty plant species of alien origin differing
in invasiveness were studied in terms of status and typical
structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate
endophytes (DSE) in urban habitats in Silesia Upland
(southern Poland). We observed that 75 % of investigated
plant species were mycorrhizal. The arbuscular mycorrhiza
(AM) of most plant species was of the Arum morphology.
The nearly 100 % mycorrhizal frequency, high intensity
of AM colonization within root cortex and the presence of
arbuscules in all mycorrhizal plant species indicate that the
investigated species are able to establish AM associations
in the secondary range and urban habitats. DSE were present
in all mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal species. The
frequency of DSE was significantly lower in non-mycorrhizal
group of plants, however, sclerotia of DSE were found
mainly in the roots of non-mycorrhizal plant species. The
group of species native to North America including three Solidago congeners have the highest values of all AM mycorrhization
and DSE indices. Moreover, we observed that
most mycorrhizal invasive species belonged to the family
Asteraceae. In turn, representatives of Poaceae had the lowest
values of AM mycorrhization. Nevertheless, quite high
values of DSE frequency were also encountered in roots of
Poaceae species. The high invasiveness of the representatives
of the Asteraceae family from North America support
theory that both taxonomic pattern, and the fact of root
endophytes colonization contribute to invasion success.
While, the taxa of Reynoutria also represent successful
invaders but they are of Asiatic origin, non-mycorrhizal and
weakly colonized by DSE fungi
Arbuscular mycorrhiza of plants spontaneously colonizing the soda heap in Jaworzno (southern Poland)
Enzymatic activities and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major in a soil root zone under heavy metal stres
The objectives of the present field study were to
examine the soil enzyme activities in the soil root zones of
Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major in different heavy
metal contaminated stands. Moreover, the investigations concerned
the intensity of root endophytic colonization and metal
bioaccumulation in roots and shoots. The investigated
Plantago species exhibited an excluder strategy, accumulating
higher metal content in the roots than in the shoots. The heavy
metal accumulation levels found in the two plantain species in
this study were comparable to other plants suggested as
phytostabilizers; therefore, the selected Plantago species
may be applied in the phytostabilization of heavy metal contaminated
areas. The lower level of soil enzymes (dehydrogenase,
urease, acid, and alkaline phosphatase) as well as the
higher bioavailability of metals in the root zone soil of the
two plantain species were found in an area affected by
smelting activity, where organic matter content in the soil
was also the smallest. Mycorrhizal colonization on both species in the contaminated area was similar to colonization
in non-contaminated stands. However, the lowest arbuscule
occurrence and an absence of dark septate endophytes were
found in the area affected by the smelting activity. It
corresponded with the lowest plant cover observed in this
stand. The assessment of enzyme activity, mycorrhizal colonization,
and the chemical and physical properties of soils
proved to be sensitive to differences between sites and between
Plantago species
Arbuscular mycorrhiza of Deschampsia cespitosa (Poaceae) at different soil depths in highly metal-contaminated site in southern Poland
This study presents root colonization of Deschampsia cespitosa growing in the immediate vicinity of a former Pb/Zn smelter by arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septated endophytes (DSE) at different soil depths. AMF spores and species distribution in soil profile were also assessed. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and DSE were found in D. cespitosa roots at all investigated soil levels. However, mycorrhizal colonization in topsoil was extremely low with sporadically occurring arbuscules. AM parameters: frequency of mycorrhization of root fragments (F%), intensity of root cortex colonization (M%), intensity of colonization within individual mycorrhizal roots (m%), and arbuscule abundance in the root system (A%) were markedly higher at 20-40, 40-60 cm soil levels and differed in a statistically significant manner from AM parameters from 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers. Mycorrhizal colonization was negatively correlated with bioavailable Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations. The number of AMF spores in topsoil was verlow and increased with soil depth (20-40 and 40-60 cm). At the study area spores of three morphologically distinctive AMF species were found: Archaeospora trappei, Funneliformis mosseae and Scutellospora dipurpurescens. The fourth species Glomus tenue colonized roots of D. cespitosa and was observed in the root cortex at 20-40 and 40-60 soil depth, however, its spores were not found at the site
Arbuscular mycorrhiza of Deschampsia cespitosa (Poaceae) at different soil depths in highly metal-contaminated site in southern Poland
This study presents root colonization of Deschampsia cespitosa growing in the immediate vicinity of a former Pb/Zn smelter by arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septated endophytes (DSE) at different soil depths. AMF spores and species distribution in soil profile were also assessed. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and DSE were found in D. cespitosa roots at all investigated soil levels. However, mycorrhizal colonization in topsoil was extremely low with sporadically occurring arbuscules. AM parameters: frequency of mycorrhization of root fragments (F%), intensity of root cortex colonization (M%), intensity of colonization within individual mycorrhizal roots (m%), and arbuscule abundance in the root system (A%) were markedly higher at 20–40, 40–60 cm soil levels and differed in a statistically significant manner from AM parameters from 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers. Mycorrhizal colonization was negatively correlated with bioavailable Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations. The number of AMF spores in topsoil was very low and increased with soil depth (20–40 and 40–60 cm). At the study area spores of three morphologically distinctive AMF species were found: Archaeospora trappei, Funneliformis mosseae and Scutellospora dipurpurescens. The fourth species Glomus tenue colonized roots of D. cespitosa and was observed in the root cortex at 20–40 and 40–60 soil depth, however, its spores were not found at the site
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) root colonization dynamics of Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. in grasslands and post-industrial sites
This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Ecological Engineering on 05/08/2016, available online: https://doi-org.ezproxy.wlv.ac.uk/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.029
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.The aims of this studies were: (i) to examine the influence of heavy metal content (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu) and other physico-chemical soil parameters on the level of root colonization of Molinia caerulea and (ii) to relate root colonisation parameters and soil variables to Molinia caerulea abundance in two contrasting habitats (grasslands and heavy metal contaminated sites). The sites differ significantly in terms of bio-available heavy metal contents, particularly Zn (34 times more than grasslands), soil texture, CaCO3, organic matter (LOI%), Mg and nitrate content. Principal Component Analysis showed the strong negative correlations between frequency of mycorrhization (F), arbuscular abundance (A%) and intensity of root cortex colonisation (M%) and concentration of bio-available Zn and Cd. Moreover, no positive correlation between root colonization of Molinia and its abundance was found. The frequency of mycorrhization of root fragments (F%) was only slightly different between these two habitats, whereas the intensity of root cortex colonisation (M%) and relative arbuscular abundance (A%) were significantly lower (3 and 4 times respectively) on the post-industrial sites. The bioavailable Zn content in the substratum of post-industrial sites was strongly negatively correlated with species richness, Shannon diversity index and Evenness. In contrast, these relationships were not statistically significant in grasslands. Based on obtained results we could draw a model of possible relationships between root colonization of Molinia, HM content and Molinia abundance on grasslands and post-industrial sites. Bioavailable Zn content in the soil is a one of main factors influencing the Molinia community diversity. In the grasslands, lower amounts of bioavailable Zn, resulted in higher species richness (R) and species diversity (H) which in turn lead to higher root colonization. On the other hand, on the post-industrial sites, the elevated bioavailable Zn content strongly decreases the plant species richness (R) and species diversity (H) and this caused the decline in root colonization parameters. The low species richness on Zn-polluted sites allowed Molinia to reach higher abundance since the competition with other species is reduced
Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant succesion on zinc smelter spoil heap in Katowice-Wełnowiec
Mycorrhizal status of plants colonising the zinc wastes in Katowice was surveyed. In total 69 vascular plant species (25 families) appearing on the investigated area have been noted. More than 60% of them were mycorrhizal. Non-mycorrhizal species, such as Cardaminopsis arenosa and Silene vulgaris dominated the early successional part of the zinc heap. Tussilago farfara was the only AM plant there, however, no arbuscules were developed at this stage. The number of AM species was increased on the 20 years old part of the zinc wastes and on the older 30-50 years old areas. AM plants constituted about 60% of the total number of species there. The frequency of particular AM species was the highest on the oldest part of the investigated area. The usefulness of the results for restoration practices was discussed