Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-DNA Adducts and Breast Cancer: A Pooled Analysis

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts have been associated with breast cancer in several small studies. The authors' pooled analysis included 873 cases and 941 controls from a population-based case-control study. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peripheral mononuclear cells was conducted in 2 rounds, and results were pooled on the basis of round-specific quantiles. The odds ratio for breast cancer was elevated in relation to detectable PAH-DNA adducts (1.29 as compared with nondetectable adduct levels; 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 1.58), but there was no apparent dose-response relationship with increasing quantiles. No consistent pattern emerged when the results were stratified by PAH sources (e.g., active cigarette smoking or PAH-containing foods), or when the cases were categorized by stage of disease or hormone receptor status. These data provide only modest support for an association between PAH-DNA adducts and breast cancer development

Residential Environmental Exposures and other Characteristics Associated with Detectable PAH-DNA Adducts in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells in a Population-Based Sample of Adult Females

The detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts in human lymphocytes may be useful as a surrogate end point for individual cancer risk prediction. In this study, we examined the relationship between environmental sources of residential PAH, as well as other potential factors that may confound their association with cancer risk, and the detection of PAH-DNA adducts in a large population-based sample of adult women. Adult female residents of Long Island, New York, aged at least 20 years were identified from the general population between August 1996 and July 1997. Among 1556 women who completed a structured questionnaire, 941 donated sufficient blood (25+ ml) to allow use of a competitive ELISA for measurement of PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Ambient PAH exposure at the current residence was estimated using geographic modeling (n=796). Environmental home samples of dust (n=356) and soil (n=360) were collected on a random subset of long-term residents (15+ years). Multivariable regression was conducted to obtain the best-fitting predictive models. Three separate models were constructed based on data from : (A) the questionnaire, including a dietary history; (B) environmental home samples; and (C) geographic modeling. Women who donated blood in summer and fall had increased odds of detectable PAH-DNA adducts (OR=2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.69, 4.17; OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.08, 2.32, respectively), as did current and past smokers (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.00, 2.24; OR=1.46, 95% CI=1.05, 2.02, respectively). There were inconsistent associations between detectable PAH-DNA adducts and other known sources of residential PAH, such as grilled and smoked foods, or a summary measure of total dietary benzo-[a]-pyrene (BaP) intake during the year prior to the interview. Detectable PAH-DNA adducts were inversely associated with increased BaP levels in dust in the home, but positively associated with BaP levels in soil outside of the home, although CIs were wide. Ambient BaP estimates from the geographic model were not associated with detectable PAH-DNA adducts. These data suggest that PAH-DNA adducts detected in a population-based sample of adult women with ambient exposure levels reflect some key residential PAH exposure sources assessed in this study, such as cigarette smoking

El espacio como instrumento de formación. Arquitectura como estrategia educativa aplicado a un Jardín Infantil

Artículo de GradoEl proyecto se desarrolla como ejercicio académico en un contexto real donde se propone adoptar y entender la transformación de la idea de diseño en las instalaciones educacionales en el país con base en la petición que la secretaria de educación le hizo a el Arq. Frank Locker, donde el arquitecto debe establecer criterios de diseño en búsqueda de cambiar la forma de aprender, todo esto basado en la relación entre el tipo de educación y la arquitectura como lugar de aprendizaje, enfocado en lo que la educación Colombiana busca.1. Resumen 2. Abstract 3. Contenido 4. Introducción 5. Hipótesis 6. Objetivo General 7. Objetivos Específicos 8. Marco teórico 9. Metodología 10. Resultados 11. La relación entre equipamiento y la transformación de espacio público en un entorno urbano no consolidado 12. Espacio para la enseñanza 13. Disposición de elementos estructurales para mayor eficiencia formal y sismo resistente 14. Discusión basada en comparación con particularidades similares 15. Conclusión 16. ReferenciasPregradoArquitect

One Fungus = One Name: DNA and fungal nomenclature twenty years after PCR

Some fungi with pleomorphic life-cycles still bear two names despite more than 20 years of molecular phylogenetics that have shown how to merge the two systems of classification, the asexual “Deuteromycota” and the sexual “Eumycota”. Mycologists have begun to flout nomenclatorial regulations and use just one name for one fungus. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) must change to accommodate current practice or become irrelevant. The fundamental difference in the size of fungi and plants had a role in the origin of dual nomenclature and continues to hinder the development of an ICBN that fully accommodates microscopic fungi. A nomenclatorial crisis also looms due to environmental sequencing, which suggests that most fungi will have to be named without a physical specimen. Mycology may need to break from the ICBN and create a MycoCode to account for fungi known only from environmental nucleic acid sequence (i.e. ENAS fungi)

Bem-morar em São Paulo, 1880-1910: Ramos de Azevedo e os modelos europeus

Domestic architecture achieves a great impulse in the second half of XIXth-century. From Europe to the whole world, models are conformed to the new social order and spread as industrialization takes command. Dwelling becomes the main concern among architects. New concepts are developed for the ideal house for 011 social strata: working class, middle-class, bourgeoisie. This essay traces the introduction in São Paulo of European formal patterns and principies Ihygiene, salubrity, comfort, social and domestic rites, social visibility) through the activity of F. P. Ramos de Azevedo! 1851-19281. The main projects he conceived for the local bourgeoisie are analysed.A arquitetura doméstica tem um grande impulso no século XIX. Da Europa são difundidos, para todo mundo, os modelos conformados à nova ordem social e à industrialização. A residência se transforma numa preocupação central dos arquitetos. Desenvolvem-se novos conceitos para casa ideal para todas as camadas sociais: operários, classe média, burguesia. Este artigo retrata, em São Paulo, a introdução de padrões formais e princípios (de higiene, salubridade, conforto, ritos sociais e domésticos, as aparências). a partir da atividade de F. P. Ramos de Azevedo (1851-19201. Analisam-se os principais projetos que ele desenvolveu para a burguesia local

Alien Registration- Guadet, Mary A (Bath, Sagadahoc County)

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Éléments et théorie de l´architecture

Na port.: cours professé a l´École Nationale et Spéciale des Beaux-ArtsNa port.: Ouvrage honoré d´une souscription et couronné par l´Académie des Beaux-artsPrefacio da 3ª ed. datado no 1909Na port.: troisième édition augmentée d´une Notice sur la Vie et les Oeuvres de Julien GuadetContén: T. I (Livres I-V); T. II (Livres VI-IX); T. III (Livres X-XII); T. IV (Livres XIII-XVI

De l’école au musée : quelles conceptions des savoirs, quels modes de transmission ?

International audienc