Una "Vida de Christo" en aimara (1612) a partir del "Flos sanctorum reformado" de Alonso de Villegas

This article studies the bilingual publication (Aymara & Spanish) of the Life of Christ made by the Jesuit Ludovico Bertonio, based on the Flos sanctorum reformado by Alonso de Villegas. It intends to study this translation relying on a historiographic tradition of this literary genre, which considers the legal approbations and the prologue as crucial paratexts to understand the intention of the rewriting process, and in this particular case, to understand the process of translation of one of the most important works for Hispanic Hagiography. By comparing the prologues of Villegas and Bertonio, we notice that they shared the idea of derision and teasing for lack of authority and severity in themes that should lead to devotion. Additionally, in both works there is an intention of reformation and an effort to select what is most convenient to their respective historic circumstances. Finally, it is observed that this Aymaran translation is product of the defensive art of the Counter-Reformation, in which the friar and the native were participants of the idea of a New World exclusive for the Spanish Crown.Este artículo estudia la publicación bilingüe (aimara y castellano) de la Vida de Christo que hizo el jesuita Ludovico Bertonio, basado en el Flos sanctorum reformado de Alonso de Villegas. Se propone ubicarla en una tradición historiográfica del género que considera las aprobaciones y el prólogo como paratextos imprescindibles para saber de las intenciones del proceso de reescritura y, en este caso, de traducción que sufrió una obra fundamental para la hagiografía hispánica. Al comparar los prólogos de Villegas y de Bertonio, se aprecia que comparten la noción de irrisión y burla por falta de gravedad y autoridad en temas que deben mover a la devoción. Asimismo, en ambos hay una intención de reformar y de seleccionar lo más conveniente para las respectivas circunstancias históricas que los vieron nacer. Se concluye que este libro es producto del arte defensivo de la Contrarreforma, en donde el fraile y el indígena fueron partícipes de la idea de un Nuevo Mundo exclusivo de la Corona española

EVALUACIÓN DEL NICHO ECOLÓGICO EN UN GREMIO DE CARNÍVOROS DEL PARQUE NATURAL SIERRA NANCHITITLA, MÉXICO

La evaluación de las relaciones entre depredadores, sus presas, el ambiente y los recursos usados es importante para entender los mecanismos que influyen en la estructura de la comunidad. Es común realizar éstos análisis congregando especies dentro de grupos que explotan el mismo tipo de recursos de forma similar, conocidos como gremios. De esta manera, los organismos sobreviven a través del tiempo tanto como puedan competir exitosamente por recursos y lleven a cabo estrategias de repartición. De acuerdo a la estrategia de repartición de recursos entre especies para coexistir y al tamaño corporal como un factor importante en el uso de recursos, en este estudio se prueba la hipótesis de que existirá una mayor sobreposición de los recursos utilizados, entre especies de tamaño y hábitos similares, manteniendo 3 subgrupos: depredadores tope (Puma concolor y Panthera onca), mesodepredadores carnívoros (Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii y Puma yagouaroundi) y mesodepredadores omnívoros (Nasua narica y Urocyon cinereoargenteus). En este estudio, se analizaron las tres dimensiones del nicho ecológico (trófica, espacial y temporal), para lo cual, se colectaron excrementos de manera oportuna a lo largo de diferentes trayectos (30 km), y fueron identificados a través de perfiles de ácidos biliares. Se ubicaron trampas cámara para registrar la actividad de las especies y determinar su asociación con diferentes eco-variables (vegetación, pendiente, distancia a ríos, caminos, poblados etc.) que explican el hábitat usado. Los resultados demuestran la existencia de tres grupos de depredadores. Lo cual indica una repartición estratégica de los recursos usados que disminuye la competencia y favorece la coexistencia de estos depredadores. El análisis en conjunto de las dimensiones del nicho permite obtener una evaluación más completa del nicho ecológico, más aún cuando se aborda a nivel de gremios

Regenerative capacity in the lamprey spinal cord is not altered after a repeated transection

© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 14(1), (2019):e0204193, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204193.The resilience of regeneration in vertebrates is not very well understood. Yet understanding if tissues can regenerate after repeated insults, and identifying limitations, is important for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of tissue plasticity. This is particularly challenging in tissues, such as the nervous system, which possess a large number of terminally differentiated cells and often exhibit limited regeneration in the first place. However, unlike mammals, which exhibit very limited regeneration of spinal cord tissues, many non-mammalian vertebrates, including lampreys, bony fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, regenerate their spinal cords and functionally recover even after a complete spinal cord transection. It is well established that lampreys undergo full functional recovery of swimming behaviors after a single spinal cord transection, which is accompanied by tissue repair at the lesion site, as well as axon and synapse regeneration. Here we begin to explore the resilience of spinal cord regeneration in lampreys after a second spinal transection (re-transection). We report that by all functional and anatomical measures tested, lampreys regenerate after spinal re-transection just as robustly as after single transections. Recovery of swimming, synapse and cytoskeletal distributions, axon regeneration, and neuronal survival were nearly identical after spinal transection or re-transection. Only minor differences in tissue repair at the lesion site were observed in re-transected spinal cords. Thus, regenerative potential in the lamprey spinal cord is largely unaffected by spinal re-transection, indicating a greater persistent regenerative potential than exists in some other highly regenerative models. These findings establish a new path for uncovering pro-regenerative targets that could be deployed in non-regenerative conditions.The authors would like to thank Dr. Cristina Roman-Vendrell and Louie Kerr, Director of the Central Microscopy Facility at the MBL, for technical support. We also thank Dr. Juan Diaz-Quiroz for helpful comments on the manuscript. EG was supported in part by an NSF REU Award (#1659604: Biological Discovery in Woods Hole at the Marine Biological Laboratory)

La estructura del discurso IG en España: elementos clave para la transformación hacia un sistema sostenible

Desde la implementación del sistema de indicaciones geográfica europeo en 1996, la investigación académica para identificar, cuantificar y evaluar los alcances y oportunidades del sistema han crecido exponencialmente. Existe una gran literatura, española e internacional, que documenta los beneficios económicos, medio ambientales y sociales, así como los casos de éxito de la implementación de las IG en diferentes latitudes. Sin embargo, ninguno de los trabajos se ha enfocado en analizar la percepción que tienen los actores involucrados. Información necesaria para construir las políticas publicas con una perspectiva sostenible. Para ello, en este trabajo a partir de la metodóloga Q, una herramienta mixta, se seleccionaron 44 afirmaciones procedente de literatura, las cuales se presentaron a una muestra de 35 personas en representación de consejos reguladores, administración púbica y académicos. Los resultados muestran la existencia de tres argumentos en torno al discurso IG: uno que toma la visión institucional, un segundo que destaca la parte tradicional y cultural del producto; y un tercero que incorpora una visión de la sostenibilidad, los perfiles se han asociado con las características de cada una de las personas que ha participado en el estudio para tener una mayor comprensión de los argumentos

Economic impact of introducing TYRX amongst patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction undergoing implanted cardiac device procedures: a retrospective model based cost analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Infection is a serious and expensive complication of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) procedures. A retrospective based cost analysis was performed to estimate Trust level savings of using the TYRX antibacterial envelope as a primary prevention measure against infection in a tertiary referral centre in South London, UK. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction undergoing Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) procedures were evaluated. Decision-analytic modelling was performed to determine economic savings of using the envelope during CIED procedure vs CIED procedure alone. RESULTS: Over a 12 month follow-up period following CIED procedure, the observed infection rate was 3.14% (n = 5/159). The average cost of a CIED infection inpatient admission was £41,820 and, further to economic analysis, the additional costs attributable to infection was calculated at £62,213.94. A cost saving of £624 per patient by using TYRX during CIED procedure as a primary preventative measure against infection was estimated. CONCLUSIONS: TYRX would be a cost-saving treatment option amongst heart failure patients undergoing ICD and CRT device procedures based on analysis in the local geographical area of South London. If upscaled to the UK population, we estimate potential cost savings for the National Health Service (NHS)

On the incorporation of interval-valued fuzzy sets into the Bousi-Prolog system: declarative semantics, implementation and applications

In this paper we analyse the benefits of incorporating interval-valued fuzzy sets into the Bousi-Prolog system. A syntax, declarative semantics and im- plementation for this extension is presented and formalised. We show, by using potential applications, that fuzzy logic programming frameworks enhanced with them can correctly work together with lexical resources and ontologies in order to improve their capabilities for knowledge representation and reasoning

CD43 signals induce Type One lineage commitment of human CD4+ T cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The activation and effector phenotype of T cells depend on the strength of the interaction of the TcR with its cognate antigen and additional signals provided by cytokines and by co-receptors. Lymphocytes sense both the presence of an antigen and also clues from antigen-presenting cells, which dictate the requisite response. CD43 is one of the most abundant molecules on the surface of T cells; it mediates its own signalling events and cooperates with those mediated by the T cell receptor in T cell priming. We have examined the role of CD43 signals on the effector phenotype of adult CD4⁺and CD8⁺human T cells, both alone and in the presence of signals from the TcR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CD43 signals direct the expression of IFNγ in human T cells. In freshly isolated CD4⁺T cells, CD43 signals potentiated expression of the IFNγ gene induced by TcR activation; this was not seen in CD8⁺T cells. In effector cells, CD43 signals alone induced the expression of the IFNγ gene in CD4⁺T cells and to a lesser extent in CD8⁺cells. The combined signals from CD43 and the TcR increased the transcription of the T-bet gene in CD4⁺T cells and inhibited the transcription of the GATA-3 gene in both populations of T cells, thus predisposing CD4⁺T cells to commitment to the T1 lineage. In support of this, CD43 signals induced a transient membrane expression of the high-affinity chains of the receptors for IL-12 and IFNγ in CD4⁺T cells. CD43 and TcR signals also cooperated with those of IL-12 in the induction of IFNγ expression. Moreover, CD43 signals induced the co-clustering of IFNγR and the TcR and cooperated with TcR and IL-12 signals, triggering a co-capping of both receptors in CD4⁺populations, a phenomenon that has been associated with a T1 commitment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest a key role for CD43 signals in the differentiation of human CD4⁺T cells into a T1 pattern.</p