126 research outputs found
Gestion pratique de la douleur chez le cheval
La douleur est lâexpĂ©rience sensorielle dâune lĂ©sion. Elle engendre des rĂ©actions physiologiques nĂ©fastes qui justifient, en plus
de principes Ă©thiques, sa prise en charge. Ce concept nâa Ă©tĂ© que rĂ©cemment pris en compte par la profession vĂ©tĂ©rinaire. La
richesse de la bibliographie au sujet de la douleur des Ă©quidĂ©s tĂ©moigne de lâintĂ©rĂȘt croissant qui lui est portĂ© depuis une dizaine
dâannĂ©es. Nous tentons, grĂące aux connaissances actuelles, dâoffrir une synthĂšse pratique de la gestion de la douleur chez le
cheval.
La physiologie du phénomÚne algique, ses méfaits et son expression, connaissances indispensables à son approche raisonnée
seront tout dâabord prĂ©sentĂ©s. Puis nous dĂ©velopperons lâarsenal thĂ©rapeutique analgĂ©sique offert au praticien et aborderons les
médecines complémentaires qui peuvent le compléter.
Enfin, nous aborderons la gestion de deux algies classiques du cheval : les coliques digestives et les douleurs musculo-squelettiques
Distribution of nitrifying activity in the Seine River (France) from Paris to the estuary
The distribution of nitrification has been measured with the H14CO3- incorporation method in the Seine River and its estuary during summer conditions. The Seine River below Paris receives large amounts of ammonium through wastewater discharge. In the river itself, this ammonium is only slowly nitrified, while in the estuary nitrification is rapid and complete. We show that this contrasting behavior is related to the different hydrosedimentary conditions of the two systems, as nitrifying bacteria are associated with suspended particles. In the river, particles and their attached bacteria either rapidly settle or have a sestonic behavior. Because of the short residence times of the water masses, the dow growing nitrifying population has no time to develop sufficiently to nitrify the available ammonium. The estuary is characterized by strong tidal dynamics. Particles settle and are resuspended continuously with the strong current inversions of ebb and hood. As a result of these dynamics, particles and their attached nitrifying bacteria experience longer residence times in a temporary suspended state than the water masses themselves, providing to slow growing nitrifying bacteria the opportunity to develop a large population capable of nitrifying all the available ammonium
ContrĂŽle actif de la combustion diphasique
Lâapplication de cette thĂšse est le contrĂŽle actif de la combustion dans les brĂ»leurs industriels Ă combustible liquide. Il sâagit dâexplorer les possibilitĂ©s de contrĂŽle dâun spray par des jets gazeux auxiliaires. Deux familles dâactionneurs utilisant ce procĂ©dĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©es sur un atomiseur coaxial assistĂ© par air. Le premier dispositif est appelĂ© (Dev). ComposĂ© dâun unique jet actionneur, il vise Ă dĂ©vier le spray. La seconde configuration, appelĂ©e (Sw), est Ă©quipĂ©e de 4 jets auxiliaires tangents au spray afin de lui confĂ©rer un effet de swirl et dâen augmenter le taux dâexpansion. Les mesures de granulomĂ©trie par PDA et les visualisations du spray par strioscopie dĂ©montrent un effet important du contrĂŽle sur lâatomisation et la forme du spray. On observe en outre une dĂ©viation pouvant atteindre 30°avec lâactionneur (Dev) et une augmentation du taux dâexpansion de 80% dans le cas (Sw). Des simulations du banc expĂ©rimental ont de plus Ă©tĂ© menĂ©es avec le code AVBP. LâĂ©coulement de gaz est calculĂ© par simulation aux grandes Ă©chelles (SGE ou LES en Anglais). Lâapproche lagrangienne est utilisĂ©e pour simuler la phase dispersĂ©e. Une attention particuliĂšre a Ă©tĂ© portĂ©e aux conditions dâinjection du gaz et des gouttes dans le calcul. Ceci a abouti au dĂ©veloppement dâune nouvelle condition limite caractĂ©ristique non rĂ©flĂ©chissante (VFCBC) destinĂ©e Ă lâinjection dâĂ©coulements turbulents en LES compressible. Les rĂ©sultats de LES prĂ©sentent un bon accord avec les mesures expĂ©rimentales. Les effets du contrĂŽle sur la dynamique des gouttes et sur la topologie du spray (forme, dĂ©viation, expansion) sont correctement dĂ©crits
Comparison of outflow boundary conditions for subsonic aeroacoustic simulations
Aeroacoustics simulations require much more precise boundary conditions than classical aerodynamics. Two classes of non-reflecting boundary conditions for aeroacoustics are compared in the present work: characteristic analysis based methods and Tam and Dong approach. In characteristic methods, waves are identified and manipulated at the boundaries while Tam and Dong use modified linearized Euler equations in a buffer zone near outlets to mimic a non-reflecting boundary. The principles of both approaches are recalled and recent characteristic methods incorporating the treatment of transverse terms are discussed. Three characteristic techniques (the original NSCBC formulation of Poinsot and Lele and two versions of the modified method of Yoo and Im) are compared to the Tam and Dong method for four typical aeroacoustics problems: vortex convection on a uniform flow, vortex convection on a shear flow, acoustic propagation from a monopole and from a dipole. Results demonstrate that the Tam and Dong method generally provides the best results and is a serious alternative solution to characteristic methods even though its implementation might require more care than usual NSCBC approaches
Explainable artificial intelligence for breast cancer: A visual case-based reasoning approach
International audienceCase-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a form of analogical reasoning in which the solution for a (new) query case is determined using a database of previous known cases with their solutions. Cases similar to the query are retrieved from the database, and then their solutions are adapted to the query. In medicine, a case usually corresponds to a patient and the problem consists of classifying the patient in a class of diagnostic or therapy. Compared to "black box" algorithms such as deep learning, the responses of CBR systems can be justified easily using the similar cases as examples. However, this possibility is often under-exploited and the explanations provided by most CBR systems are limited to the display of the similar cases. In this paper, we propose a CBR method that can be both executed automatically as an algorithm and presented visually in a user interface for providing visual explanations or for visual reasoning. After retrieving similar cases, a visual interface displays quantitative and qualitative similarities between the query and the similar cases, so as one can easily classify the query through visual reasoning, in a fully explainable manner. It combines a quantitative approach (visualized by a scatter plot based on Multidimensional Scaling in polar coordinates , preserving distances involving the query) and a qualitative approach (set visualization using rainbow boxes). We applied this method to breast cancer management. We showed on three public datasets that our qualitative method has a classification accuracy comparable to k-Nearest Neighbors algorithms, but is better explainable. We also tested the proposed interface during a small user study. Finally, we apply the proposed approach to a real dataset in breast cancer. Medical experts found the visual approach interesting as it explains why cases are similar through the visualization of shared patient characteristics
Bayeux, Vaucelles, Sully â AmĂ©nagement dâune piste cyclable le long de la RD 6
Le diagnostic archĂ©ologique sâest dĂ©roulĂ© dans le cadre de lâamĂ©nagement dâune piste cyclable dâ1,1 km le long de la route dĂ©partementale no 6, entre la sortie de la ville de Bayeux et le carrefour avec la route dĂ©partementale no 169 (communes de Bayeux, Vaucelles et Sully) (maĂźtrise dâouvrage : Conseil GĂ©nĂ©ral du Calvados). En dĂ©pit de la localisation du projet Ă la pĂ©riphĂ©rie de la citĂ© gallo-romaine dâAugustodurum (Bayeux), le long dâun axe de circulation rectiligne qui Ă©tait vraisemblable..
Floridoside Extracted from the Red Alga Mastocarpus stellatus Is a Potent Activator of the Classical Complement Pathway
Many biological properties of algae have been found to have useful applications in human health, particularly in the fields of oncology and immunology. Floridoside, extracted from the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus, has a structure similar to the xenoantigen Gal alpha 1â3 Gal. This xenoantigen has been described to induce a high immune response in human xenografts and is mediated by natural anti-gal antibodies that activate the classical complement pathway. Based on this property, we analyzed the potential activities of floridoside on the immune system. We demonstrated that floridoside activates a complement cascade via the classical complement pathway, through the recruitment and activation of natural IgM. This algal molecule could represent an important step in the development of a potent new anticomplementary agent for use in therapeutic complement depletion
Implementing Guideline-based, Experience-based, and Case-based approaches to enrich decision support for the management of breast cancer patients in the DESIREE project
DESIREE is a European-funded project to improve the management of primary breast cancer. We have developed three decision support systems (DSSs), a guideline-based, an experience-based, and a case-based DSSs, resp. GL-DSS, EXP-DSS, and CB-DSS, that operate simultaneously to offer an enriched multi-modal decision support to clinicians. A breast cancer knowledge model has been built to describe within a common ontology the data model and the termino-ontological knowledge used for representing breast cancer patient cases. It allows for rule-based and subsumption-based reasoning in the GL-DSS to provide best patient-centered reconciled care plans. It also allows for using semantic similarity in the retrieval algorithm implemented in the CB-DSS. Rainbow boxes are used to display patient cases similar to a given query patient. This innovative visualization technique translates the question of deciding the most appropriate treatment into a question of deciding the colour dominance among boxes
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