20 research outputs found

    Anthropological contributions to historical ecology: 50 questions, infinite prospects.

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    This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural

    Niezrealizowane projekty twierdzy w Stargardzie

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    W Stargardzie zachowane są pozostałości fortyfikacji średniowiecznych i wczesnonowożytnych wzniesione między XIII a XVI w. i zmodernizowane w trakcie wojny trzydziestoletniej. Po jej zakończeniu inżynierowie brandenbursko-pruscy sporządzili trzy projekty modernizacji fortyfikacji. Najciekawszy zakładał przekształcenie Stargardu w regularną, obszerną twierdzę. W tym projekcie widać rozwiązania charakterystyczne dla fortyfikacji zachodnioeuropejskich (francuskich i niderlandzkich) z 2. połowy XVII i początków XVIII w. Jego autorem mógł być jeden z hugenockich inżynierów w służbie pruskiej.Remains of medieval and early modern fortifications in Stargard erected between the 13th and the 16th centuries and modernised during the Thirty Years’ War survived down to out times. After the war ended Branderburg and Prussian engineers drawn three plans for the modernisation of fortifications. The most interesting one envisaged the transformation of Stargard into a regular, spacious stronghold. The plan displays solutions characteristic of West European fortifications (French and Dutch) from the second half of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century. Its author might have been one of Huguenot engineers in Prussian service

    Modern Times redoubt from Świecko region

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    W 2013 roku odnaleziono w okolicach przejścia granicznego w Świecku relikt fortyfikacji polowych – czworoboczną redutę. Powstanie tego obiektu związane jest z jednym z konfliktów zbrojnych okresu nowożytnego – wojną trzydziestoletnią, II i III wojną północną, wojną siedmioletnią bądź też z okresem wojen napoleońskich.In 2013 in the area of border crossing in Świecko a relict of field fortifications – quadrilateral redoubt was discovered. Its erection is probably connected with one of the modern period conflicts – Thirty Years’ War, II nd and IIIrd North War, Seven Years’ War or the period of Napoleonic Wars

    Fortifications of East Prussia in the 18th century

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    The article concerns 18th century fortifications in East Prussia. Through the prism of changes in defense architecture, it shows changes in the meaning of provincial areas in the Brandenburg-Prussian state. Architectural plans of fortresses and correspondence from the era constitute the basic source material. The article discusses the fortresses of Piława, Klaipeda, Konigsberg and Lyck. The failed attempt at building a fortress in Grabow is also analyzed, its cause is seen in the unsuitable choice of location. The unrealized plans for the building of the Szczytno Fortress are also noted

    Niezrealizowane projekty twierdzy w Stargardzie

    No full text
    W Stargardzie zachowane są pozostałości fortyfikacji średniowiecznych i wczesnonowożytnych wzniesione między XIII a XVI w. i zmodernizowane w trakcie wojny trzydziestoletniej. Po jej zakończeniu inżynierowie brandenbursko-pruscy sporządzili trzy projekty modernizacji fortyfikacji. Najciekawszy zakładał przekształcenie Stargardu w regularną, obszerną twierdzę. W tym projekcie widać rozwiązania charakterystyczne dla fortyfikacji zachodnioeuropejskich (francuskich i niderlandzkich) z 2. połowy XVII i początków XVIII w. Jego autorem mógł być jeden z hugenockich inżynierów w służbie pruskiej.Remains of medieval and early modern fortifications in Stargard erected between the 13th and the 16th centuries and modernised during the Thirty Years’ War survived down to out times. After the war ended Branderburg and Prussian engineers drawn three plans for the modernisation of fortifications. The most interesting one envisaged the transformation of Stargard into a regular, spacious stronghold. The plan displays solutions characteristic of West European fortifications (French and Dutch) from the second half of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century. Its author might have been one of Huguenot engineers in Prussian service

    Fortifications of East Prussia in the 18th century

    No full text
    The article concerns 18th century fortifications in East Prussia. Through the prism of changes in defense architecture, it shows changes in the meaning of provincial areas in the Brandenburg-Prussian state. Architectural plans of fortresses and correspondence from the era constitute the basic source material. The article discusses the fortresses of Piława, Klaipeda, Konigsberg and Lyck. The failed attempt at building a fortress in Grabow is also analyzed, its cause is seen in the unsuitable choice of location. The unrealized plans for the building of the Szczytno Fortress are also noted

    Modern Times redoubt from Świecko region

    No full text
    W 2013 roku odnaleziono w okolicach przejścia granicznego w Świecku relikt fortyfikacji polowych – czworoboczną redutę. Powstanie tego obiektu związane jest z jednym z konfliktów zbrojnych okresu nowożytnego – wojną trzydziestoletnią, II i III wojną północną, wojną siedmioletnią bądź też z okresem wojen napoleońskich.In 2013 in the area of border crossing in Świecko a relict of field fortifications – quadrilateral redoubt was discovered. Its erection is probably connected with one of the modern period conflicts – Thirty Years’ War, II nd and IIIrd North War, Seven Years’ War or the period of Napoleonic Wars
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