L’accompagnement personnalisé en seconde : Une contribution psychopédagogique

L’article présente une intervention exploratoire réalisée dans un lycée dans le but de favoriser l’adaptation des élèves de seconde générale et technologique aux exigences du lycée. Le point de vue adopté est psychopédagogique et permet de positionner le conseiller d’orientation psychologue comme expert technique, notamment concernant le fonctionnement cognitif de l’individu. On parie sur la capacité des élèves à prendre conscience de leur fonctionnement au travers d’expériences (compétence métacognitive), et sur leur possibilité de transférer ces nouveaux acquis dans leur travail scolaire quotidien. Cette présentation souligne l’impératif, pour le conseiller, à se saisir de la question de l’accompagnement personnalisé pour défendre sa spécificité et répondre à une demande institutionnelle forte. Cette dernière facilite la réalisation de telles interventions par les conseillers d’orientation psychologues intéressés. L’objectif est également de montrer comment sans apport théorique conséquent il est possible de mettre en action les jeunes d’une manière originale car expérientielle et transdisciplinaire. Enfin, de manière plus générale, cette présentation a vocation à susciter l’intérêt pour une démarche psychopédagogique pour tout intervenant en charge d’un public en formation.The article presents an exploratory workshop carried out in a High School with the aim of facilitating the adaptation of students entering 9th grade of High School to the expectations of such a level. The point of view taken here is psychoeducational and allows to place the career counselor and psychologist as a technical expert, especially regarding the cognitive functioning of the subject (human cognitive functioning). The presentation underlines the necessity for counselors to invest this area in order to defend their specificity and to answer strong demands made by institutions. Such demands should militate in favor of undertaking such actions by those who will take interest in this. The aim is also to show that even without a consequent amount of theoretical reference, it is possible to put young people in action in an original way because this method is experiential and transdisciplinary in nature. Finally and more generally, the purpose of this presentation is to focus the interest for a psychoeducational approach for each person in charge of people undergoing training

La méthode des six chapeaux d’Edward de Bono appliquée à la décision en orientation

L’article présente la méthode des six chapeaux d’Edward de Bono (1985), qui utilise la « pensée latérale ». Nous proposons une application de cette méthode à des situations de décision en orientation dans le cadre de l’accompagnement personnalisé au lycée. Cette façon de réfléchir est utilisée pour augmenter le sentiment de compétence dans les décisions d’orientation.The article presents the Six Thinking Hats method by Edward de Bono (1985), who uses the idea of “lateral thinking”. We are proposing to apply this method to career decision-making situations, within the framework of personalized support in high-school. This way of thinking is used to enhance the feeling of self-belief in the academic career decision-making process

Intérêt des valeurs, valeurs et intérêts dans un bilan d'orientation

L'article interroge le rôle des valeurs dans l'accompagnement en orientation. La présentation de la théorie des valeurs de Shalom Schwartz, plutôt méconnue en France, est suivie de la proposition de la complémentarité (théorique et pratique) des valeurs et des intérêts dans le cadre de cet accompagnement.The article interrogates the role played by values in counseling. We first present Shalom Schwartz's theory of values, and then we propose that values and interest are complementary (theoretically and practically) within the supervision process

New insights on the mechanism of quinoline-based DNA methyltransferase inhibitors

Among the epigenetic marks, DNA methylation is one of the most studied. It is highly deregulated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Indeed, it has been shown that hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes promoters is a common feature of cancer cells. Because DNA methylation is reversible, the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), responsible for this epigenetic mark, are considered promising therapeutic targets. Several molecules have been identified as DNMT inhibitors and, among the non-nucleoside inhibitors, 4-aminoquinoline-based inhibitors, such as SGI-1027 and its analogs, showed potent inhibitory activity. Here we characterized the in vitro mechanism of action of SGI-1027 and two analogs. Enzymatic competition studies with the DNA substrate and the methyl donor cofactor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), displayed AdoMet non-competitive and DNA competitive behavior. In addition, deviations from the Michaelis-Menten model in DNA competition experiments suggested an interaction with DNA. Thus their ability to interact with DNA was established; although SGI-1027 was a weak DNA ligand, analog 5, the most potent inhibitor, strongly interacted with DNA. Finally, as 5 interacted with DNMT only when the DNA duplex was present, we hypothesize that this class of chemical compounds inhibit DNMTs by interacting with the DNA substrate

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Design of a Silicon Based Amperometric Microbiosensor Involving NAD-Dependent Dehydrogenase

An electrochemical microbiosensor involving NAD-dependent dehydrogenase has been designed and developed using silicon technology. The sensor is based on a weakly polarized two-gold microelectrode system without any reference electrode. The process allowed mass production of miniaturized devices. An enzymatic solution including diaphorase and NAD-dependent dehydrogenase was confined in the microstructure by means of a semi-permeable membrane. The biocompatibility of the various materials was verified and the gold electrodes were electrochemically characterized. The assay of D-lactic acid was taken as an example using D-lactate dehydrogenase. The sensitivity and detection limit of the microbiosensor were 8 μA mM–1 cm–2 and 0.01 mM respectively. Its lifetime was 3 weeks

A miniaturised silicon based enzymatic biosensor: towards a generic structure and technology for multi-analytes assays

International audienceA miniaturised and generic biosensor has been developed using microsystem technologies for l- and d-lactate, l-malate, l-alanine and ethanol assays. The biosensor is based on the association between an enzymatic solution including diaphorase and dehydrogenases enzymes confined in the microstructure by a membrane and two gold microelectrodes weakly polarised. The pre-treatment of the gold electrode surface is a critical parameter, the sensor sensitivity can be significantly enhanced by processing chemical cleaning steps with sulphochromic solution, H2SO4+H2O2 solution or oxygen plasma. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses put in evidence that the enhanced sensitivity of electrodes can be in part attributed to the removal of an organic contamination. The assays of l-lactate, ethanol and alanine are also presented and compared to d-lactate assay

How dehydration with glycerol protects bacteria cell membranes against deleterious effects of supercooling

International audienceWater crystallization and thawing has long been incriminated in cell death in cryopreservation protocols. We recently studied the role of cold-induced injuries in the occurrence of cell death during freezing of Escherichia coli K12TG1. We showed that extreme cold stress, arising under the supercooling step, is an important cause of cell death in cryopreservation protocols, involving strong cell membrane damages. When glycerol was added in the supercooled medium, cells were protected against cold damages and remained viable. In the present work we examine the mechanisms involved in membrane protection by glycerol. For this purpose, we evaluated the membrane organization of E. coli under cooling at subzero temperatures with or without glycerol. We measured generalized polarization (GP) and lifetime of Laurdan, a membrane marker used to investigate membrane fluidity. Glycerol had no effect on membrane main phase transition under cooling. However, GP values were significantly higher when glycerol was present in the cell suspension at low temperature. Furthermore, lifetime measurements revealed the coexistence of two domains of different orders in cell membranes. Glycerol acted as a buffer on lifetime of the ordered phase, which could explain the stabilizing effect of glycerol on cell membrane upon supercooling

The Domestication Syndrome in Phoenix dactylifera Seeds: Toward the Identification of Wild Date Palm Populations.

Investigating crop origins is a priority to understand the evolution of plants under domestication, develop strategies for conservation and valorization of agrobiodiversity and acquire fundamental knowledge for cultivar improvement. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belongs to the genus Phoenix, which comprises 14 species morphologically very close, sometimes hardly distinguishable. It has been cultivated for millennia in the Middle East and in North Africa and constitutes the keystone of oasis agriculture. Yet, its origins remain poorly understood as no wild populations are identified. Uncultivated populations have been described but they might represent feral, i.e. formerly cultivated, abandoned forms rather than truly wild populations. In this context, this study based on morphometrics applied to 1625 Phoenix seeds aims to (1) differentiate Phoenix species and (2) depict the domestication syndrome observed in cultivated date palm seeds using other Phoenix species as a "wild" reference. This will help discriminate truly wild from feral forms, thus providing new insights into the evolutionary history of this species. Seed size was evaluated using four parameters: length, width, thickness and dorsal view surface. Seed shape was quantified using outline analyses based on the Elliptic Fourier Transform method. The size and shape of seeds allowed an accurate differentiation of Phoenix species. The cultivated date palm shows distinctive size and shape features, compared to other Phoenix species: seeds are longer and elongated. This morphological shift may be interpreted as a domestication syndrome, resulting from the long-term history of cultivation, selection and human-mediated dispersion. Based on seed attributes, some uncultivated date palms from Oman may be identified as wild. This opens new prospects regarding the possible existence and characterization of relict wild populations and consequently for the understanding of the date palm origins. Finally, we here describe a pipeline for the identification of the domestication syndrome in seeds that could be used in other crops